大型岩质滑坡形变历史回溯及其启示
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摘要
大型岩质滑坡一般具有高位、隐蔽性强、高速远程等特点,往往造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。揭示其形变历史和发展演化规律,可以为类似滑坡灾害的早期识别提供参考。收集了近年来发生在中国大陆的5处典型大规模岩质滑坡滑前的多时相高精度遥感影像,通过对多时相高精度遥感影像的目视解译,对其形变迹象进行识别,并对其发展演化规律进行分析。发现大型岩质滑坡在发育演化过程中均会产生显著的地表变形迹象,这些形变信息可利用高分辨率光学遥感影像(亚米级)进行识别,变形的孕育演化时间可达数年甚至数10 a。大型岩质滑坡往往不具备"圈椅状"地貌特征,利用光学遥感影像对其早期识别的标志主要为坡体后源是否存在拉裂缝和坡体前缘是否存在局部滑塌。
Large-scale rocky landslides usually have the characteristics of high-altitude, strong concealment, high-speed and long-runout, which often lead to serious casualties and property losses. Revealing its deformation history and evolution rules can provide a reference for early detection of similar landslide disasters. Five typical large-scale rocky landslides in China in recent years are collected. Through visual interpretation of multi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing images, their deformation signs are identified and their evolution rules are analyzed. It is found that large-scale rocky landslides will produce significant surface deformation signs in the process of development and evolution. This deformation information can be identified by high-resolution(sub-meter level) optical remote sensing images. The incubation and evolution time of deformation can reach several years or even decades. Large-scale rocky landslides often do not have the "chair-like" geomorphological characteristics. The early identification signs of the landslides using optical remote sensing images are mainly whether there are tension cracks at the back of the slope and whether there are local slides at the front of the slope.
Large-scale rocky landslides usually have the characteristics of high-altitude, strong concealment, high-speed and long-runout, which often lead to serious casualties and property losses. Revealing its deformation history and evolution rules can provide a reference for early detection of similar landslide disasters. Five typical large-scale rocky landslides in China in recent years are collected. Through visual interpretation of multi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing images, their deformation signs are identified and their evolution rules are analyzed. It is found that large-scale rocky landslides will produce significant surface deformation signs in the process of development and evolution. This deformation information can be identified by high-resolution(sub-meter level) optical remote sensing images. The incubation and evolution time of deformation can reach several years or even decades. Large-scale rocky landslides often do not have the "chair-like" geomorphological characteristics. The early identification signs of the landslides using optical remote sensing images are mainly whether there are tension cracks at the back of the slope and whether there are local slides at the front of the slope.
引文
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[16] Yunnan Net.Flood Discharge from Baige Barrier Lake of Jinsha River through Lijiang River has Caused Direct Economic Losses of 4.2 Billion Yuan Without Casualties[OL].http://yn.yunnan.cn/system/2018/11/15/030119212.shtml,2018(云南网.金沙江白格堰塞湖泄洪过境丽江已造成直接经济损失42亿元暂无人员伤亡[OL].http://yn.yunnan.cn/system/2018/11/15/030119212.shtml,2018)
[17] Lv Gang,Zhu Yaoqiang.Dynamic Analysis on the Catastrophic Landslide and Related Impulse Water Waves in Fuquan,Guizhou,China[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(4):1-5 (吕刚,朱要强.贵州福泉滑坡冲击水塘的涌浪过程分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(4):1-5)
[18] Wengfu Group Co.Ltd.Feasibility Study Report on Xiaoba Landslide Control Project in Yingping Mining Area of Wengfu Phosphate Mine[R].Guiyang,2013 (瓮福集团有限责任公司.瓮福磷矿英坪矿区小坝滑坡治理工程可行性研究报告[R].贵阳,2013)
[19] Intrieri E,Raspini F,Fumagalli A,et al.The Maoxian Landslide as Seen from Space:Detecting Precursors of Failure with Sentinel-1 Data[J].Landslides,2018,15(1):123-133
[20] Zhang Lu,Liao Mingsheng,Dong Jie,et al.Early Dectection of Landslide Hazards in Mountainous Areas of West China Using Time Series SAR Interferometry—A Case Study of Danba,Sichuan[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2018,43(12):2 039-2 049 (张路,廖明生,董杰,等.基于时间序列InSAR分析的西部山区滑坡灾害隐患早期识别——以四川丹巴为例[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2018,43(12):2 039-2 049)
[21] Zhuo Baoxi.Remote Sensing Interpretation & Application of Geology Engineering[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2011(卓宝熙.工程地质遥感判释与应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2011)
[2] Xu Qiang,Li Weile,Dong Xiujun,et al.The Xinmocun Landslide on June 24,2017 in Maoxian,Sichuan:Characteristics and Failure Mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2 612-2 628 (许强,李为乐,董秀军,等.四川茂县叠溪镇新磨村滑坡特征与成因机制初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2 612-2 628)
[3] Scaioni M,Longoni L,Melillo V,et al.Remote Sensing for Landslide Investigations:An Overview of Recent Achievements and Perspectives[J].Remote Sensing,2014,6(10):9 600-9 652
[4] Xu Q,Fan X M,Huang R Q,et al.A Catastrophic Rockslide-Debris Flow in Wulong,Chongqing,China in 2009:Background,Characterization,and Causes[J].Landslides,2010,7(1):75-87
[5] Zhao C Y,Zhang Q,Yin Y,et al.Pre-,Co-,and Post-rockslide Analysis with ALOS/PALSAR Imagery:A Case Study of the Jiweishan Rockslide,China[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,2013,13:2 851-2 861
[6] Huang Runqiu,Wang Yunsheng,Dong Xiujun.The 6th August 2009 Filed Urgent Investigation on the Geohazard of the Rock Fall Damming in Houziyan,Shunhe,Hanyuan,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(4):445-448(黄润秋,王运生,董秀军.2009年8·6四川汉源猴子岩崩滑的现场应急调查及危岩处理[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(4):445-448)
[7] Yin Y P,Sun P,Zhu J L,et al.Research on Catastrophic Rock Avalanche at Guanling,Guizhou,China[J].Landslides,2011,8(4):517-525
[8] Kang Y,Zhao C Y,Zhang Q.Application of InSAR Techniques to an Analysis of the Guanling Landslide[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(10):1 046
[9] Yin Y P,Chen Y L,Liang J T,et al.Heavy-Rainfall-Induced Catastrophic Rockslide-Debris Flow at Sanxicun,Dujiangyan,After the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake[J].Landslides,2016,13(1):9-23
[10] Xing A G,Xu Q,Zhu Y Q,et al.The August 27,2014,Rock Avalanche and Related Impulse Water Waves in Fuquan,Guizhou,China[J].Landslides,2016,13(2):411-422
[11] Ouyang C J,Zhao W,Xu Q,et al.Failure Mechanisms and Characteristics of the 2016 Catastrophic Rockslide at Su Village,Lishui,China[J].Landslides,2018,15(7):1 391-1 400
[12] Liu Chuanzheng.Landslide Disaster in Sucun,Suichang County,Zhejiang Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2016,27(4):12 (刘传正.浙江遂昌县苏村崩塌滑坡灾害[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2016,27(4):12)
[13] Fan X M,Xu Q,Scaringi G,et al.Failure Mechanism and Kinematics of the Deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo Landslide,Maoxian,Sichuan,China[J].Landslides,2017,14(6):2 129-2 146
[14] Zheng Guang,Xu Qiang,Ju Yuanzhen,et al.The Pusacun Rock Avalanche on August 28,2017 in Zhangjiawan Nayongxian,Guizhou:Characteristics and Failure Mechanism[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2018,26(1):223-240 (郑光,许强,巨袁臻,等.2017 年8月28日贵州纳雍县张家湾镇普洒村崩塌特征与成因机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(1):223-240)
[15] Xu Qiang,Zheng Guang,Li Weile,et al.Study on Successive Landslide Damming Events of Jinsha River in Baige Village of October 11 and November 3,2018[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2018,26(6):1 534-1 551(许强,郑光,李为乐,等.2018年10月和11月金沙江白格两次滑坡-堰塞堵江事件分析研究[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(6):1 534-1 551)
[16] Yunnan Net.Flood Discharge from Baige Barrier Lake of Jinsha River through Lijiang River has Caused Direct Economic Losses of 4.2 Billion Yuan Without Casualties[OL].http://yn.yunnan.cn/system/2018/11/15/030119212.shtml,2018(云南网.金沙江白格堰塞湖泄洪过境丽江已造成直接经济损失42亿元暂无人员伤亡[OL].http://yn.yunnan.cn/system/2018/11/15/030119212.shtml,2018)
[17] Lv Gang,Zhu Yaoqiang.Dynamic Analysis on the Catastrophic Landslide and Related Impulse Water Waves in Fuquan,Guizhou,China[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(4):1-5 (吕刚,朱要强.贵州福泉滑坡冲击水塘的涌浪过程分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(4):1-5)
[18] Wengfu Group Co.Ltd.Feasibility Study Report on Xiaoba Landslide Control Project in Yingping Mining Area of Wengfu Phosphate Mine[R].Guiyang,2013 (瓮福集团有限责任公司.瓮福磷矿英坪矿区小坝滑坡治理工程可行性研究报告[R].贵阳,2013)
[19] Intrieri E,Raspini F,Fumagalli A,et al.The Maoxian Landslide as Seen from Space:Detecting Precursors of Failure with Sentinel-1 Data[J].Landslides,2018,15(1):123-133
[20] Zhang Lu,Liao Mingsheng,Dong Jie,et al.Early Dectection of Landslide Hazards in Mountainous Areas of West China Using Time Series SAR Interferometry—A Case Study of Danba,Sichuan[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2018,43(12):2 039-2 049 (张路,廖明生,董杰,等.基于时间序列InSAR分析的西部山区滑坡灾害隐患早期识别——以四川丹巴为例[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2018,43(12):2 039-2 049)
[21] Zhuo Baoxi.Remote Sensing Interpretation & Application of Geology Engineering[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2011(卓宝熙.工程地质遥感判释与应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2011)
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