基于生态系统服务供给消费的生态承载力评价——以北京市延庆区为例
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摘要
生态系统服务的持续供给是社会和自然可持续发展的物质基础,人类对生态系统服务的需求和消费必须在生态系统的最大承载能力范围之内,因此,生态系统服务供给、消费研究与生态承载力评价密不可分。文章在已有研究基础上,基于生态系统服务理论,探索提出了基于生态系统服务供给和消费的生态承载力概念、评价指标和方法,并以延庆区为案例区开展了实证研究。研究结果表明:(1)延庆区不同生态系统服务的承载状况差异较大,其中,除植物油外的食物供给服务、水资源供给服务、释氧服务、COD和SO_2净化服务均处于盈余状态;氨氮净化、NO_x净化、烟粉尘净化服务和碳固定服务均处于超载状态。(2)在不考虑食物供给服务指标的情况下,仅4个乡镇未超载,其余乡镇均为超载状态,且严重超载的乡镇多位于人口密集和城镇化水平较高的平原地区。
The continuous supply of ecosystem services are the material basis for sustainable development of nature and society, which means that human being's needs and consumptions for ecosystem services must be below the range of the maximum ecological carrying capacity. As a result, the evaluation of ecological carrying capacity is closely connected and inseparable with the research of ecosystem service supply and consumption. In this paper, on the basis of existing researchs, the concept, evaluation indicators and methods of ecological carrying capacity based on the supply and consumption of ecosystem services were proposed, and Yanqing District was selected for the case study. The results show that:(1) The ecological carrying capacity of different ecosystem services in Yanqing District varied a lot. Food supply services, water resource supply services, oxygen release services, COD and SO_2 purification services except vegetable oils were all in surplus situation. In contrast, Ammonia nitrogen purification, NO_x purification, smoke and dust purification services and carbon fixation services were overloaded.(2)Neglecting food supply service, only four towns were not overloaded, and other villages and towns were all overloaded. The seriously overloaded areas were mostly located in plain areas with dense population and higher level of urbanization.
The continuous supply of ecosystem services are the material basis for sustainable development of nature and society, which means that human being's needs and consumptions for ecosystem services must be below the range of the maximum ecological carrying capacity. As a result, the evaluation of ecological carrying capacity is closely connected and inseparable with the research of ecosystem service supply and consumption. In this paper, on the basis of existing researchs, the concept, evaluation indicators and methods of ecological carrying capacity based on the supply and consumption of ecosystem services were proposed, and Yanqing District was selected for the case study. The results show that:(1) The ecological carrying capacity of different ecosystem services in Yanqing District varied a lot. Food supply services, water resource supply services, oxygen release services, COD and SO_2 purification services except vegetable oils were all in surplus situation. In contrast, Ammonia nitrogen purification, NO_x purification, smoke and dust purification services and carbon fixation services were overloaded.(2)Neglecting food supply service, only four towns were not overloaded, and other villages and towns were all overloaded. The seriously overloaded areas were mostly located in plain areas with dense population and higher level of urbanization.
引文
[1]谢高地,曹淑艳,鲁春霞,等.中国的生态服务消费与生态债务研究[J].自然资源学报,2010(1):43-51.
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[22]王莉雁,肖燚,欧阳志云,等.国家级重点生态功能区县生态系统生产总值核算研究--以阿尔山市为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(3):146-154.
[23]石媛.北京市常见绿化树种对重金属和PM2.5的吸滞能力研究[D].保定：河北农业大学,2015.
[24]杨佳,王会霞,谢滨泽,等.北京9个树种叶片滞尘量及叶面微形态解释[J].环境科学研究,2015(3):384-392.
[25]肖红叶,张曼胤,崔丽娟,等.北京汉石桥湿地水质分析与净化价值评价[J].防护林科技,2016(9):4-7.
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[27]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007(3):413-424.
[28]尹锴,田亦陈,袁超,等.基于CASA模型的北京植被NPP时空格局及其因子解释[J].国土资源遥感,2015(1):133-139.
[29]刘芳,迟耀斌,王智勇,等.NPP列入生态统计指标体系的潜力分析--以北京地区NPP测算与空间分析为例[J].生态环境学报,2009(3):960-966.
[2]严岩,朱捷缘,吴钢,等.生态系统服务需求、供给和消费研究进展[J].生态学报,2017(8):2489-2496.
[3]高吉喜.可持续发展理论探索--生态承载力理论、方法与应用[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2001.
[4]环境保护部.关于印发《全国生态保护“十三五”规划纲要》的通知[EB/OL].(2016-10-26).http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201611/t20161102_366739.htm.
[5]Pearl R.The growth of populations[J].Quarterly Review of Biology,1927,2:532-548.
[6]张林波.城市生态承载力理论与方法研究--以深圳市为例[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2009.
[7]翁异静,邓群钊,杜磊,等.基于系统仿真的提升赣江流域水生态承载力的方案设计[J].环境科学学报,2015(10):3353-3366.
[8]王开运.生态承载力复合模型系统与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2007.
[9]王开运,徐建华,俞立中,等.基于生态承载力的空间决策支持系统开发与应用--上海市崇明岛案例[M].北京：科学出版社,2011.
[10]曹智,闵庆文,刘某承,等.基于生态系统服务的生态承载力：概念、内涵与评估模型及应用[J].自然资源学报,2015(1):1-11.
[11]潘真真,苏维词,王建伟,等.基于生态系统供给及净化服务功能的贵州省水生态占用研究[J].环境科学学报,2017(7):2786-2796.
[12]高吉喜.区域生态学[M].北京：科学出版社,2015.
[13]千年生态系统评估/世界资源研究所.生态系统与人类福祉：生物多样性综合报告[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[14]张彪,谢高地,肖玉,等.基于人类需求的生态系统服务分类[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010(6):64-67.
[15]甄霖,刘雪林,魏云洁.生态系统服务消费模式、计量及其管理框架构建[J].资源科学,2008(1):100-106.
[16]杨莉,甄霖,潘影,等.生态系统服务供给-消费研究：黄河流域案例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012(3):131-138.
[17]魏云洁,甄霖,Ochirbat B,等.蒙古高原生态服务消费空间差异的实证研究[J].资源科学,2009(10):1677-1684.
[18]NRCS.Chapter 10:Estimation of direct runoff from storm rainfall[M]//United States Department of Agriculture,Natural Resources Conservation Service.Part 630 Hydrology:National engineering handbook.US:USDA-NRCS,2004.
[19]张海博.基于SEBS与SCS模型的区域水源涵养量估算研究[D].北京：中国环境科学研究院,2012.
[20]李志学,孙敏.中国各省区域碳排放水平及其成因分析[J].统计与决策,2016(10):124-127.
[21]耿承芝.不同年龄人的呼吸频率、需氧量[J].生物学通报,1987(10):21.
[22]王莉雁,肖燚,欧阳志云,等.国家级重点生态功能区县生态系统生产总值核算研究--以阿尔山市为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(3):146-154.
[23]石媛.北京市常见绿化树种对重金属和PM2.5的吸滞能力研究[D].保定：河北农业大学,2015.
[24]杨佳,王会霞,谢滨泽,等.北京9个树种叶片滞尘量及叶面微形态解释[J].环境科学研究,2015(3):384-392.
[25]肖红叶,张曼胤,崔丽娟,等.北京汉石桥湿地水质分析与净化价值评价[J].防护林科技,2016(9):4-7.
[26]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,生态环境部南京环境科学研究所.第一次全国污染源普查畜禽养殖业源产排污系数手册[R].北京：农业农村部科技教育司,第一次全国污染源普查领导小组办公室,2009.
[27]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007(3):413-424.
[28]尹锴,田亦陈,袁超,等.基于CASA模型的北京植被NPP时空格局及其因子解释[J].国土资源遥感,2015(1):133-139.
[29]刘芳,迟耀斌,王智勇,等.NPP列入生态统计指标体系的潜力分析--以北京地区NPP测算与空间分析为例[J].生态环境学报,2009(3):960-966.