旅游业收入增长对旅游业碳排放存在非线性影响吗?——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)的拓展分析
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摘要
基于Grossman和Krueger的环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)理论,对旅游业收入增长与旅游业碳排放是否符合长期EKC假设进行了检验,发现:总体上,旅游收入的增加显著提高了旅游业碳排放总量,而且显著降低了碳排放强度;旅游业收入与旅游业碳排放强度之间存在先促进、后抑制的倒U型关系,但对碳排放总量指标不满足EKC假设;东中西分样本估计中,旅游业收入的增加显著提高了东中西各地区的碳排放总量,其中东部地区旅游收入的弹性最高,而中部最小;东部与西部地区旅游业收入的增加对碳排放总量的影响均符合EKC假设;旅游收入的提高显著增加了西部地区的碳排放强度,中西部地区的旅游收入增长与碳排放强度存在显著的倒U关系。在建设旅游生态区方面,政府应遵循国家标准,并鼓励制定当地特色的地方标准,利用生态学规律指导旅游活动中再生资源的闭环环节,有序推进区域旅游业发展,完善旅游交通、信息和服务网络。
引文
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[2]UNWTO.Towards a Low Carbon Travel&Tourism Sector.Report in World Economic Forum,2009:3-36.
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[5]T.P.LIN.Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Transport in Taiwan's National Parks.Tourism Management,2010,31(2):285-290.
[6]李鹏,黄继华,莫延芬,等.昆明市四星级酒店住宿产品碳足迹计算与分析.旅游学刊,2010,25(3).
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[8]SUSANNE BECKEN,MURRAY PATTERSON.Measuring National Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Tourism as a Key Step towards Achieving Sustainable Tourism.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2006,14(4):323-338.
[9]钟永德,石晟屹,李世宏,等.中国旅游业碳排放计量框架构建与实证研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(1).
[10]王凯,肖燕,李志苗,等.中国旅游业CO2排放区域差异的空间分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(5).
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[12]王凯,李娟,席建超.中国旅游经济增长与碳排放的耦合关系研究.旅游学刊,2014,29(6).
[13]付德申,李方犁.节能减排背景下桂林市旅游碳排放与经济增长关系研究.市场论坛,2015(3).
[14]S.DINDA.Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis.Ecological Economics,2004,49(4):431-455.
[15]J.W.LEE,T.BRAHMASRENE.Investigating the Influence of Tourism on Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions:Evidence from Panel Analysis of the European U-nion.Tourism Management,2013,38:69-76.
(1)依照研究惯例,东部地区包括北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、海南等11个省市;中部地区包括山西、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南等9个省市;四川、重庆、贵州、云南、广西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆等10省市,因数据缺失本研究未包含西藏、香港、澳门和台湾。
[2]UNWTO.Towards a Low Carbon Travel&Tourism Sector.Report in World Economic Forum,2009:3-36.
[3]JOE KELLY,PETER W.WILLIAMS.Modelling Tourism Destination Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions:Whistler,British Columbia,Canada.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2007,15(1):67-90.
[4]S.BECKEN,D.G.SIMMONS.Understanding Energy Consumption Patterns of Tourist Attractions and Activities in New Zealand.Tourism Management,2002,23(4):343-354.
[5]T.P.LIN.Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Transport in Taiwan's National Parks.Tourism Management,2010,31(2):285-290.
[6]李鹏,黄继华,莫延芬,等.昆明市四星级酒店住宿产品碳足迹计算与分析.旅游学刊,2010,25(3).
[7]S.BECKEN,D.G.SIMMONS,C.FRAMPTON.Energy Use Associated with Different Travel Choices.Tourism Management,2003,24(3):267-277.
[8]SUSANNE BECKEN,MURRAY PATTERSON.Measuring National Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Tourism as a Key Step towards Achieving Sustainable Tourism.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2006,14(4):323-338.
[9]钟永德,石晟屹,李世宏,等.中国旅游业碳排放计量框架构建与实证研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(1).
[10]王凯,肖燕,李志苗,等.中国旅游业CO2排放区域差异的空间分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(5).
[11]G.M.GROSSMAN,A.B.KRUEGER.Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement.National Bureau of Economic Research,1991:1-57.
[12]王凯,李娟,席建超.中国旅游经济增长与碳排放的耦合关系研究.旅游学刊,2014,29(6).
[13]付德申,李方犁.节能减排背景下桂林市旅游碳排放与经济增长关系研究.市场论坛,2015(3).
[14]S.DINDA.Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis.Ecological Economics,2004,49(4):431-455.
[15]J.W.LEE,T.BRAHMASRENE.Investigating the Influence of Tourism on Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions:Evidence from Panel Analysis of the European U-nion.Tourism Management,2013,38:69-76.
(1)依照研究惯例,东部地区包括北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、海南等11个省市;中部地区包括山西、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南等9个省市;四川、重庆、贵州、云南、广西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆等10省市,因数据缺失本研究未包含西藏、香港、澳门和台湾。