基于最小累积阻力模型的广东省陆域生态安全格局构建
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摘要
在城市化进程加快推进的背后各式生态问题日益凸显,生态安全与生态文明建设成为当前社会发展的一个重要方向。构建区域生态安全格局对地区生态安全保障与规划意义明显。基于生态文明建设"以人为本"的思想,从生态需求角度构建耦合居民生态需求的源地评价体系,尝试利用夜间灯光指数和不透水表面指数共同校正阻力面,利用最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道网络,最后结合各生态组分构建广东省陆域生态安全格局。结果显示广东省重要性程度高的生态用地斑块面积占全省土地总面积的61. 17%,其中,生态源地面积占全省土地总面积的29. 59%。各类生态廊道共同构建了"一带多廊两防护"的蛛网式辐射分布网络。利用自然保护区数据从侧面验证了生态安全格局构建的有效性,同时也发现结合多元数据共同校正的阻力面更为合理。广东省生态安全保障的现实路径可以从污染治理、生态修复和源地保持等方面入手。生态源地和生态廊道应成为优先重点生态保护区,建成区周围的次重要生态用地可以优先建设公共生态服务设施,减轻来自中心城区的高强度生态需求。
With the accelerating progress of urbanization,all kinds of ecological problems have become increasingly prominent;ensuring ecological security and constructing ecological civilization have thus become important in the context of current social development. This study proposes a source evaluation system that couples the ecological needs of residents of Guangzhou,based on "people-oriented" thinking in the construction of ecological civilization. The minimum cumulative resistance model and the resistance surface were then jointly corrected based on the nighttime light index and the impervious surface index to identify the ecological corridor network. Finally,the ecological security pattern of Guangdong Province based on the ecological components was constructed. The results show the high degree of importance of the ecological land in Guangdong Province,accounting for 61. 17% of the total area,of which the ecological source area accounted for nearly half,amounting to 29. 59% of the total area. The key ecological corridors,together with the potential ecological corridors and the existing corridors,have jointly built a spider web-style radiation distribution network with"one areamulticorridors-two protections". The validity of the pattern construction was verified through the nature reserve data,and the resistance surface of multi-variable data co-correction was found to be more appropriate. The ecological security pattern of Guangdong Province can be ensured by focusing on pollution control,ecological restoration,and ecological source areas maintenance. The protection of ecological sources and ecological corridors should be prioritized. The secondary ecological land around the built-up areas can be prioritized for the construction of public ecological service facilities and reducing the high-intensity ecological needs of the central city.
With the accelerating progress of urbanization,all kinds of ecological problems have become increasingly prominent;ensuring ecological security and constructing ecological civilization have thus become important in the context of current social development. This study proposes a source evaluation system that couples the ecological needs of residents of Guangzhou,based on "people-oriented" thinking in the construction of ecological civilization. The minimum cumulative resistance model and the resistance surface were then jointly corrected based on the nighttime light index and the impervious surface index to identify the ecological corridor network. Finally,the ecological security pattern of Guangdong Province based on the ecological components was constructed. The results show the high degree of importance of the ecological land in Guangdong Province,accounting for 61. 17% of the total area,of which the ecological source area accounted for nearly half,amounting to 29. 59% of the total area. The key ecological corridors,together with the potential ecological corridors and the existing corridors,have jointly built a spider web-style radiation distribution network with"one areamulticorridors-two protections". The validity of the pattern construction was verified through the nature reserve data,and the resistance surface of multi-variable data co-correction was found to be more appropriate. The ecological security pattern of Guangdong Province can be ensured by focusing on pollution control,ecological restoration,and ecological source areas maintenance. The protection of ecological sources and ecological corridors should be prioritized. The secondary ecological land around the built-up areas can be prioritized for the construction of public ecological service facilities and reducing the high-intensity ecological needs of the central city.
引文
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[18]刘思华.论生态经济需求[J].经济研究,1988(4):77-79.
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[20]朱立安,李定强,魏秀国,等.广东省土壤可蚀性现状及影响因素分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2007,19(4):4-7,16.[ZHU Lian,LI Ding-qiang,WEI Xiu-guo,et al.The Current Situation of Soil Erodibility(K)Value and Its Impact Factors in Guangdong Province[J].Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2007,19(4):4-7,16.]
[21]顾康康,杨倩倩,程帆,等.基于生态系统服务供需关系的安徽省空间分异研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(7):577-583.[GU Kang-kang,YANG Qian-qian,CHENG Fan,et al.Study on Spatial Differentiation of Anhui Province Based on the Relationship Between Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(7):577-583.]
[22]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.[XIE Gao-di,ZHEN Lin,LU Chun-xia,et al.Expert Knowledge Based Valuation Method of Ecosystem Services in China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):911-919.]
[23]张玉虎,李义禄,贾海峰.永定河流域门头沟区景观生态安全格局评价[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1049-1057.[ZHANG Yu-hu,LI Yi-lu,JIA Hai-feng,et al. Constructing Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in Yongding River Watershed:A Case of Mengtougou Basin,Beijing[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(6):1049-1057.]
[24]杨天荣,匡文慧,刘卫东,等.基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):441-452.[YANG Tian-rong,KUANG Wen-hui,LIU Wei-dong,et al.Optimizing the Layout of Eco-Spatial Structure in Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration Based on the Ecological Security Pattern[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(3):441-452.]
[25]李建军,苏志珠,王言荣.基于GIS的万荣县生态敏感性评价与区划[J].中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(5):48-54.[LI Jianjun,SU Zhi-zhu,WANG Yan-rong.Study on the Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation and Regionalization in Wanrong County Based on GIS[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2014,35(5):48-54.]
[26]吴健生,牛妍,彭建,等.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的1995—2009年中国地级市能源消费动态[J].地理研究,2014,33(4):625-634.[WU Jian-sheng,NIU Yan,PENG Jian,et al.Research on Energy Consumption Dynamic Among Prefecture-Level Cities in China Based on DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(4):625-634.]
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[2]俞孔坚,李海龙,李迪华,等.国土尺度生态安全格局[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5163-5175.[YU Kong-jian,LI Hai-long,LI Di-hua,et al.National Scale Ecological Security Pattern[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(10):5163-5175.]
[3] FORMAN R T T.Land Mosaics:The Ecology of Landscape and Regions[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1995:35–38.
[4]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):8-15.[YU Kong-jian.Landscape Ecological Security Patterns in Biological Conservation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1999,19(1):8-15.]
[5]欧定华,夏建国,张莉,等.区域生态安全格局规划研究进展及规划技术流程探讨[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):163-173.[OU Ding-hua,XIA Jian-guo,ZHANG Li,et al.Research Progress on Regional Ecological Security Pattern Planning and Discussion of Planning Techniqueflow[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(1):163-173.]
[6] ZHAO X Q,XU X H.Research on Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in a Eucalyptus,Introduced Region Based on Biodiversity Conservation[J]. Russian Journal of Ecology,2015,46(1):59-70.
[7]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):407-419.[PENG Jian,ZHAO Hui-juan,LIU Yan-xu,et al.Research Progress and Prospect of Regional Ecological Security Pattern Construction[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(3):407-419.]
[8]王琦,付梦娣,魏来,等.基于源-汇理论和最小累积阻力模型的城市生态安全格局构建:以安徽省宁国市为例[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(12):4546-4554.[WANG Qi,FU Meng-di,WEI Lai,et al.Urban Ecological Security Pattern Based on SourceSink Landscape Theory and MCR Model:A Case Study of Ningguo City,Anhui Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(12):4546-4554.]
[9]杜悦悦,胡熠娜,杨旸,等.基于生态重要性和敏感性的西南山地生态安全格局构建:以云南省大理白族自治州为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8241-8253.[DU Yue-yue,HU Yi-na,YANG Yang,et al.Building Ecological Security Patterns in Southwest Mountainous Areas Based on Ecological Importance and Ecological Sensitivity:A Case Study of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(24):8241-8253.]
[10]彭建,郭小楠,胡熠娜,等.基于地质灾害敏感性的山地生态安全格局构建:以云南省玉溪市为例[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):627-635.[PENG Jian,GUO Xiao-nan,HU Yi-na,et al.Constructing Ecological Security Patterns in Mountain Areas Based on Geological Disaster Sensitivity:A Case Study in Yuxi City,Yunnan Province,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(2):627-635.]
[11]陈昕,彭建,刘焱序,等.基于“重要性-敏感性-连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):471-484.[CHEN Xin,PENG Jian,LIU Yan-xu,et al.Constructing Ecological Security Patterns in Yunfu City Based on the Framework of Importance-Sensitivity-Connectivity[J]. Geographical Research,2017,36(3):471-484.]
[12]张玉虎,于长青,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,等.风景区生态安全格局构建方法研究:以北京妙峰山风景区为例[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(3):420-425.[ZHANG Yu-hu,YU Chang-qing,TASHPOLAT Tiyip,et al.Methodology for Constructing the Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in Scenic Area:A Case Study in Scenic Area in the Miaofeng Mountain,Beijing[J].Arid Zone Research,2008,25(3):420-425.]
[13]游巍斌,何东进,洪伟,等.基于景观安全格局的武夷山风景名胜区旅游干扰敏感区判识与保护[J].山地学报,2014,32(2):195-204.[YOU Wei-bin,HE Dong-jin,HONG Wei,et al.Identification for Tourism Disturbance Sensitive Areas and Their Protection Based on Landscape Security Pattern in World Mixed Heritage Site Wuyishan Scenery District[J]. Mountain Research,2014,32(2):195-204.]
[14]陈利顶,周伟奇,韩立建,等.京津冀城市群地区生态安全格局构建与保障对策[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7125-7129.[CHEN Li-ding,ZHOU Wei-qi,HAN Li-jian,et al.Developing Key Technologies for Establishing Ecological Security at the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Megaregion[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(22):7125-7129.]
[15]杨姗姗,邹长新,沈渭寿,等.基于生态红线划分的生态安全格局构建:以江西省为例[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(1):250-258.[YANG Shan-shan,ZOU Chang-xin,SHEN Wei-shou,et al.Construction of Ecological Security Patterns Based on Ecological Red Line:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(1):250-258.]
[16]吴健生,张理卿,彭建,等.深圳市景观生态安全格局源地综合识别[J].生态学报,2013,33(13):4125-4133.[WU Jian-sheng,ZHANG Li-qing,PENG Jian,et al.The Integrated Recognition of the Source Area of the Urban Ecological Security Pattern in Shenzhen[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(4):4125-4133.]
[17]蒙吉军,王雅,王晓东,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的贵阳市景观生态安全格局构建[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(7):1052-1061.[MENG Ji-jun,WANG Ya,WANG Xiao-dong,et al.Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in Guiyang Based on MCR Model[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(7):1052-1061.]
[18]刘思华.论生态经济需求[J].经济研究,1988(4):77-79.
[19] ZHANG L Q,PENG J,LIU Y X,et al.Coupling Ecosystem Services Supply and Human Ecological Demand to Identify Landscape Ecological Security Pattern:A Case Study in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China[J].Urban Ecosystems,2017,20(3):701-714.
[20]朱立安,李定强,魏秀国,等.广东省土壤可蚀性现状及影响因素分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2007,19(4):4-7,16.[ZHU Lian,LI Ding-qiang,WEI Xiu-guo,et al.The Current Situation of Soil Erodibility(K)Value and Its Impact Factors in Guangdong Province[J].Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2007,19(4):4-7,16.]
[21]顾康康,杨倩倩,程帆,等.基于生态系统服务供需关系的安徽省空间分异研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(7):577-583.[GU Kang-kang,YANG Qian-qian,CHENG Fan,et al.Study on Spatial Differentiation of Anhui Province Based on the Relationship Between Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(7):577-583.]
[22]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.[XIE Gao-di,ZHEN Lin,LU Chun-xia,et al.Expert Knowledge Based Valuation Method of Ecosystem Services in China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):911-919.]
[23]张玉虎,李义禄,贾海峰.永定河流域门头沟区景观生态安全格局评价[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1049-1057.[ZHANG Yu-hu,LI Yi-lu,JIA Hai-feng,et al. Constructing Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in Yongding River Watershed:A Case of Mengtougou Basin,Beijing[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(6):1049-1057.]
[24]杨天荣,匡文慧,刘卫东,等.基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):441-452.[YANG Tian-rong,KUANG Wen-hui,LIU Wei-dong,et al.Optimizing the Layout of Eco-Spatial Structure in Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration Based on the Ecological Security Pattern[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(3):441-452.]
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