湘西古丈烂泥田锰矿区地表水污染特征及风险评价
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摘要
[目的]研究古丈县烂泥田实施无尾矿库锰矿综合治理后地表水质量,以期掌握研究区地表水安全状况,为锰矿区重金属的污染治理提供依据。[方法]对采集水样的pH值, Mn,Pb,Hg,As,Cu,Cd,Cr~(6+),化学需氧量及氨氮含量进行测定。运用水质综合污染评价法与健康风险评价法对样品结果进行评价。[结果]①古丈烂泥田锰矿区地表水中仅S_3(涵洞出口上游),S_4(恒源矿业下游)与S_5(烂泥田河流末端)号采样点的Mn含量超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中Ⅲ类标准;②受张氏锰业外排废水的影响,各样点水环境综合污染指数大小顺序为:S_3(涵洞出口上游)>S_4(恒源矿业下游)>S_5(烂泥田河流末端)>S_1(锰矿渣库上游)>S_2(涵洞出口);③S_1—S_5号采样点水环境总健康风险(RT)分别为7.73×10~(-6),1.19×10~(-5),4.23×10~(-5),2.64×10~(-5),2.40×10~(-5),均未超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)的最大可接受风险水平(5.0×10~(-5))。[结论]水环境的总体健康风险主要来源于非致癌物质。减少水环境中的铅和铜,可以有效地控制饮用水带来的总体健康风险。从总体上看,古丈县烂泥田无尾锰矿实施一体化管理已达到目标,水环境质量基本达到标准。
[Objective] The surface water quality after the comprehensive treatment of tailless manganese ore at the mud field in Guzhang County in Hu'nan Province was studied in order to provide the basis for the pollution control of heavy metals in the study area. [Methods] The pH value, Mn, Pb, Hg, As, Cu, Cd, Cr~(6+), chemical oxygen demand(COD) and NH~+_4-N in the samples were determined. The water environment quality was evaluated by comprehensive pollution assessment and health risk assessment methods. [Results] ① The Mn content from sampling points S_3(upstream of culvert exit), S_4(downstream of Hengyuan Mining) and S_5(end of mud fiold river) exceeded the class Ⅲ standard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002). ②As effected by the discharged wastewater from Zhang's manganese industry, the comprehensive pollution index of water environment ranged as S_3(upstream of culvert exit)>S_4(downstream of Hengyuan Mining)>S_5(end of mud fiold river) >S_1(upstream of manganese slag reservoir)>S_2(culvert exit). ③The results of health risk assessment showed that the total health risks(RT) of the S_1 to S_5 sampling point were 7.73×10~(-6), 1.19×10~(-5), 4.23×10~(-5), 2.64×10~(-5), 2.40×10~(-5), respectively, all of which not exceeded the maximum acceptable risk level of International Commission on Radiological Protection(5.0×10~(-5)). [Conclusion] The total health risk of water environment is mainly derived from non-carcinogenic substances. Reducing Pb and Cu in the water environment can effectively control the total health risks caused by drinking water. Overall, the implementation of the comprehensive management of the tailing-free manganese mine at mud field in Guzhang County has achieved the target, and the water environment quality has basically reached the standard.
[Objective] The surface water quality after the comprehensive treatment of tailless manganese ore at the mud field in Guzhang County in Hu'nan Province was studied in order to provide the basis for the pollution control of heavy metals in the study area. [Methods] The pH value, Mn, Pb, Hg, As, Cu, Cd, Cr~(6+), chemical oxygen demand(COD) and NH~+_4-N in the samples were determined. The water environment quality was evaluated by comprehensive pollution assessment and health risk assessment methods. [Results] ① The Mn content from sampling points S_3(upstream of culvert exit), S_4(downstream of Hengyuan Mining) and S_5(end of mud fiold river) exceeded the class Ⅲ standard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002). ②As effected by the discharged wastewater from Zhang's manganese industry, the comprehensive pollution index of water environment ranged as S_3(upstream of culvert exit)>S_4(downstream of Hengyuan Mining)>S_5(end of mud fiold river) >S_1(upstream of manganese slag reservoir)>S_2(culvert exit). ③The results of health risk assessment showed that the total health risks(RT) of the S_1 to S_5 sampling point were 7.73×10~(-6), 1.19×10~(-5), 4.23×10~(-5), 2.64×10~(-5), 2.40×10~(-5), respectively, all of which not exceeded the maximum acceptable risk level of International Commission on Radiological Protection(5.0×10~(-5)). [Conclusion] The total health risk of water environment is mainly derived from non-carcinogenic substances. Reducing Pb and Cu in the water environment can effectively control the total health risks caused by drinking water. Overall, the implementation of the comprehensive management of the tailing-free manganese mine at mud field in Guzhang County has achieved the target, and the water environment quality has basically reached the standard.
引文
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[13] 朱程,马陶武,周科,等.湘西河流表层沉积物重金属污染特征及其潜在生态毒性风险[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):3982-3993.
[14] 朱佳文.湘西花垣铅锌矿区重金属污染土壤生态修复研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[15] 陈妮.2006—2015年南四湖水质综合评价及改善效果分析[D].山东青岛:青岛理工大学,2018.
[16] 关伯仁,司志中.水质系统规划研究:以伊洛河洛阳段为例[J].地理研究,1986(1):106-107.
[17] 符刚,曾强,赵亮,等.基于GIS的天津市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4553-4560.
[18] 刘钢,谌建宇,叶万生,等.矿区地表水锰超标应急处置工程案例分析[J].给水排水,2018,54(4):63-65.
[19] 马先杰,陆凤,陈兰兰,等.贵州锰矿区地表水体重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(11):191-197.
[2] 祝慧娜,李莹,梁婕,等.基于区间数排序法的洞庭湖沉积物重金属生态风险分析[J].环境工程,2014,32(2):114-117,122.
[3] Li Peiliang,Li Guozheng,Liu Guanfeng.The influence of seepage flow on groundwater in certain tailing pool[J].Gold,2005,26(12):45-47.
[4] 何晓丽,吴艳宏,周俊,等.贡嘎山地区地表水化学特征及水环境质量评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3798-3805.
[5] 刘亚宾,许云海,张海涛,等.湘西花垣县主要地表河流水重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(3):602-608.
[6] 杨海君,许云海,刘亚宾,等.湘江流域衡阳水口山段水环境健康风险评估[J].环境化学,2018,37(9):2060-2070.
[7] Zhang Zhaoyong,Abuduwaili Jilili,Jiang Fengqing.Determination of occurrence characteristics of heavy metals in soil and water environments in Tianshan Mountains,Central Asia [J].Analyt Lett,2013,46(13):2122-2131.
[8] Bing Haijian,Wu Yanhong,Zhou Jun.Mobility and eco-risk of trace metals in soils at the Hailuogou Glacier foreland in eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(6):5721-5732.
[9] Ni Fuquan,Liu Guodong,Ren Huazhun.Health risk assessment on rural drinking water safety:A case study in Rain City district of Ya’an City of Sichuan Province[J].Journal of water Resource and Protection,2009(2):128-135.
[10] 沈园,谭立波,单鹏,等.松花江流域沿江重点监控企业水环境潜在污染风险分析[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2732-2739.
[11] Zhu Bingqi,Yu Jingjie,Qin Xiaoguang.The significance of mid-latitude rivers for weathering rates and chemical fluxes:Evidence from northern Xinjiang Rivers[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,486:151-174.
[12] 叶壮凌,杨海君.花垣河重污染河段水环境健康风险评价及监测因子分析[J].湖南农业科学,2017(2):57-61.
[13] 朱程,马陶武,周科,等.湘西河流表层沉积物重金属污染特征及其潜在生态毒性风险[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):3982-3993.
[14] 朱佳文.湘西花垣铅锌矿区重金属污染土壤生态修复研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[15] 陈妮.2006—2015年南四湖水质综合评价及改善效果分析[D].山东青岛:青岛理工大学,2018.
[16] 关伯仁,司志中.水质系统规划研究:以伊洛河洛阳段为例[J].地理研究,1986(1):106-107.
[17] 符刚,曾强,赵亮,等.基于GIS的天津市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4553-4560.
[18] 刘钢,谌建宇,叶万生,等.矿区地表水锰超标应急处置工程案例分析[J].给水排水,2018,54(4):63-65.
[19] 马先杰,陆凤,陈兰兰,等.贵州锰矿区地表水体重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(11):191-197.
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