基于GIS的云南泸水市生态安全评价
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摘要
云南省泸水市位于"三江并流"的世界自然遗产地,是中国香格里拉生态旅游区的重要组成部分,近年来由于各种原因导致其生态环境恶化,需要对泸水市开展生态安全评价,以为泸水市生态保护工作提供参考。从研究区主要的生态问题、人类干扰、自然要素角度,构建了该区生态安全评价指标体系,综合运用层次分析法、熵值法和GIS空间分析技术对泸水市进行了区域生态安全评价。结果表明:泸水市平均生态安全指数为41.95,总体处于较安全水平;空间上,以怒江为轴线,沿怒江呈现出南北向带状分布特征,东西向以怒江为界,越接近怒江,生态安全水平越低,呈现一定的对称分布规律;不安全区与居民点的空间分布呈现一致性。以上结果说明:人类活动对生态安全的影响较大;组成生态不安全的区域中,耕地面积最大,超过了50%,其次为未利用地、建设用地;泸水市总体生态安全状况最好的乡镇为片马镇。
Lushui County is located in source area of Changjiang River, Lancang River and Nujiang River, which is an important part of the Shangri-La ecological tourism zone. In recent years, due to various reasons, its ecological environment has deteriorated. Ecological security evaluation can provide reference for the ecological environment protection in Lushui County. Based on the major ecological problems, human interference and natural elements in the study area,we constructed an ecological security evaluation index system. Analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and GIS were adopted to evaluate the regional ecological security. The average eco-safety index of the study area is 41.95 generally in a relatively safe level. Taking the Nujiang River as an axis, a north-south zonal distribution appears along the river, while on the east-west direction; the closer the location to the Nujiang River, the lower the level of ecological security is, following a symmetrical distribution pattern. The insecure areas and residential areas follow a similar spatial distribution, which shows that human activities have a greater impact on ecological security. The area of cultivated land is the largest among insecure areas, taking up more than 50% of the area, followed by unused land and construction land. Pianma Town is a township in Lushui County with the best overall ecological security level.
Lushui County is located in source area of Changjiang River, Lancang River and Nujiang River, which is an important part of the Shangri-La ecological tourism zone. In recent years, due to various reasons, its ecological environment has deteriorated. Ecological security evaluation can provide reference for the ecological environment protection in Lushui County. Based on the major ecological problems, human interference and natural elements in the study area,we constructed an ecological security evaluation index system. Analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and GIS were adopted to evaluate the regional ecological security. The average eco-safety index of the study area is 41.95 generally in a relatively safe level. Taking the Nujiang River as an axis, a north-south zonal distribution appears along the river, while on the east-west direction; the closer the location to the Nujiang River, the lower the level of ecological security is, following a symmetrical distribution pattern. The insecure areas and residential areas follow a similar spatial distribution, which shows that human activities have a greater impact on ecological security. The area of cultivated land is the largest among insecure areas, taking up more than 50% of the area, followed by unused land and construction land. Pianma Town is a township in Lushui County with the best overall ecological security level.
引文
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[13] 南颖,吉喆,冯恒栋,等.基于遥感和地理信息系统的图们江地区生态安全评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4790-4798.
[14] 朱军,李益敏,蒋德明.基于GIS和RUSLE的高山峡谷区土壤侵蚀研究:以云南省泸水县为例[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(3):277-283,370.
[15] 蒋德明,李益敏,鲍华姝.泸水县滑坡孕灾环境因素敏感性研究[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(4):109-119.
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[18] 李佩武,李贵才,张金花,等.城市生态安全的多种评价模型及应用[J].地理研究,2009,28(2):293-302.
[2] 黄宝强,刘青,胡振鹏,等.生态安全评价研究述评[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,25(s2):74-78.
[3] Li X B,Tian M R,Wang H,et al.Development of an ecological security evaluation method based on the ecological footprint and application to a typical steppe region in China[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,39(4):153-159.
[4] 葛京凤,梁彦庆,冯忠江.山区生态安全评价、预警与调控研究:以河北山区为例[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:30-35.
[5] 吕建树,吴泉源,张祖陆,等.基于RS和GIS的济宁市土地利用变化及生态安全研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(8):928-935.
[6] 张松,郭怀成,盛虎,等.河流流域生态安全综合评估方法[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(7):826-832.
[7] 张秀娟,周立华.基于DFSR模型的北方农牧交错区生态系统健康评价:以宁夏盐池县为例[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(6):1134-1140.
[8] Mei X U,Zhu X,Jing-Zhi L I.Evaluation of Land Ecological Security in Hunan Province Based on DPSIR-TOPSIS Model[J].Journal of Glaciology & Geocryology,2012,34(5):1265-1272.
[9] Sun T T,Lin W P,Chen G S,et al.Wetland ecosystem health assessment through integrating remote sensing and inventory data with an assessment model for the Hangzhou Bay,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016(566-567):627-640.
[10] He G,Yu B,Li S,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of ecological security in mining area based on PSR-ANP-GRAY[J].Environmental Technology,2017,39(23):1-7.
[11] 曲衍波,朱伟亚,郧文聚,等.基于压力-状态-响应模型的土地整治空间格局及障碍诊断[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):241-249.
[12] 张锐,郑华伟,刘友兆.基于PSR模型的耕地生态安全物元分析评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):5090-5100.
[13] 南颖,吉喆,冯恒栋,等.基于遥感和地理信息系统的图们江地区生态安全评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4790-4798.
[14] 朱军,李益敏,蒋德明.基于GIS和RUSLE的高山峡谷区土壤侵蚀研究:以云南省泸水县为例[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(3):277-283,370.
[15] 蒋德明,李益敏,鲍华姝.泸水县滑坡孕灾环境因素敏感性研究[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(4):109-119.
[16] 李玉平,蔡运龙.河北省土地生态安全评价[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2007(6):784-789.
[17] 王石英,蔡强国,吴淑安.首都圈上风向农牧交错带的土地利用评价[J].资源科学,2004(S1):67-73.
[18] 李佩武,李贵才,张金花,等.城市生态安全的多种评价模型及应用[J].地理研究,2009,28(2):293-302.