铅锌废渣堆场4种先锋修复植物根际微域磷素赋存形态特征
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摘要
为明确先锋植物根际微域中磷素赋存形态特征对铅锌废渣堆场生态修复的响应,选取黔西北土法炼锌废渣堆场植物生态修复5年后区域内长势良好的大叶醉鱼草(Buddleja davidii)、土荆芥(Chenopodinmambrosioides L.)、三叶草(Trifolium repens)及黑麦草(Lolium perenne)4种先锋植物根际微域废渣为研究对象,分析了不同植物根际微域及无植物(对照)废渣中无机磷(IP)、总无机磷(TIP)、有效磷(AP)、有机磷(OP)、总磷(TP)含量及pH和有机质变化情况。结果表明:与对照废渣相比,4种先锋植物的定植可显著降低废渣基质pH(p<0.05),但根际与非根际废渣均仍呈弱碱性(pH7.43～7.86);同时,不同植物均可促进铅锌废渣中有机质的积累,其中,大叶醉鱼草、土荆芥及三叶草均可显著(p<0.05)提高植物根际废渣中的有机质。不同植物根际微域中磷素的含量均高于对照并存在差异,其中大叶醉鱼草、土荆芥、三叶草根际废渣中总磷、有效磷与各无机磷形态的含量高于非根际,而黑麦草则与其他3种植物呈相反的变化规律。4种植物对废渣中无机磷的吸收和利用较为充分,且对有机磷具有一定的富集,具体表现为4种先锋植物根际废渣中TIP/TP比值(48.17%～60.70%)明显低于对照(89.97%),而OP/TP比值(39.80%～51.83%)高于对照(10.03%)。铅锌废渣堆场植物修复5年后不同先锋植物的生长均促进废渣中磷素和有机物的生物地球化学循环,可为渣场生态系统中群落自然演替或后续木本植物的建植提供有利的基质条件。
In order to clarify the response of phosphorus fraction characteristics in the rhizosphere microdomain of the pioneer plant grown in the lead-zinc waste slag yard of ecological restoration, the the zinc smelting waste slag yard of ecological restoration in the northwestern Guizhou Province was selected. Four species of Pioneer plants, Buddleja davidii, Chenopodam ambrosioides L., Trifolium repens, and Lolium perenne, which grew well in the area, were selected. The contents of inorganic phosphorus(IP), total inorganic phosphorus(TIP), available phosphorus(AP), organic phosphorus(OP) and total phosphorus(TP) in the rhizosphere micro-domains and control residues were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control residue, the four kinds of pioneer plants could significantly reduce the pH of the waste residue matrix(p<0.05), and both the root and non-root residue were still weakly alkaline with pH value between 7.43 and 7.86; the four kinds of pioneer plants could significantly increase the accumulation of organic matter in the lead-zinc waste residue matrix; the content of organic matter in the plant root waste residue was significantly higher than the control residue(except Lolium perenne); the absorption and utilization of inorganic phosphorus in waste slag were obvious in the four species of pioneer plants; the specific characteristic was that the ratios of TIP/TP(48.17%～60.70%) and OP/TP(39.80%～51.83%) in the four pioneer plant root systems. The ratios of TIP/TP in the pioneer plant root systems were less that TIP/TP(89.97%) of the control, and to OP/TP in the pioneer plant root systems was higher that(10.03%) of the control residue. The contents of phosphorus in rhizospheric microdomains of four species of pioneer plants were higher than that of the control residues. The contents of phosphorus in the microdomains of plant rhizospheres differed due to the plant species, which represented three kinds of pioneer plants(Buddleja davidii, Chenopodinm ambrosioides L., Trifolium repens), the root rhizosphere effect was significant in the root slag, and the contents of total phosphorus, available phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in the root waste slag were higher than those in the non-root, while those in the Lolium perenne were opposite to those in the other three plants. Five years after the phytoremediation of the lead-zinc waste slag yard, the growth of different pioneer plants promoted the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and organic matter in the waste slag, which could be a natural succession of the community in the slag field ecosystem or a subsequent increase in the establishment of large-scale woody plants provided favorable substrate conditions.
In order to clarify the response of phosphorus fraction characteristics in the rhizosphere microdomain of the pioneer plant grown in the lead-zinc waste slag yard of ecological restoration, the the zinc smelting waste slag yard of ecological restoration in the northwestern Guizhou Province was selected. Four species of Pioneer plants, Buddleja davidii, Chenopodam ambrosioides L., Trifolium repens, and Lolium perenne, which grew well in the area, were selected. The contents of inorganic phosphorus(IP), total inorganic phosphorus(TIP), available phosphorus(AP), organic phosphorus(OP) and total phosphorus(TP) in the rhizosphere micro-domains and control residues were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control residue, the four kinds of pioneer plants could significantly reduce the pH of the waste residue matrix(p<0.05), and both the root and non-root residue were still weakly alkaline with pH value between 7.43 and 7.86; the four kinds of pioneer plants could significantly increase the accumulation of organic matter in the lead-zinc waste residue matrix; the content of organic matter in the plant root waste residue was significantly higher than the control residue(except Lolium perenne); the absorption and utilization of inorganic phosphorus in waste slag were obvious in the four species of pioneer plants; the specific characteristic was that the ratios of TIP/TP(48.17%～60.70%) and OP/TP(39.80%～51.83%) in the four pioneer plant root systems. The ratios of TIP/TP in the pioneer plant root systems were less that TIP/TP(89.97%) of the control, and to OP/TP in the pioneer plant root systems was higher that(10.03%) of the control residue. The contents of phosphorus in rhizospheric microdomains of four species of pioneer plants were higher than that of the control residues. The contents of phosphorus in the microdomains of plant rhizospheres differed due to the plant species, which represented three kinds of pioneer plants(Buddleja davidii, Chenopodinm ambrosioides L., Trifolium repens), the root rhizosphere effect was significant in the root slag, and the contents of total phosphorus, available phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in the root waste slag were higher than those in the non-root, while those in the Lolium perenne were opposite to those in the other three plants. Five years after the phytoremediation of the lead-zinc waste slag yard, the growth of different pioneer plants promoted the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and organic matter in the waste slag, which could be a natural succession of the community in the slag field ecosystem or a subsequent increase in the establishment of large-scale woody plants provided favorable substrate conditions.
引文
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[4]Bradshaw A.Restoration of mined lands-using natural processes[J].Ecological Engineering,1997,8(4):255-269.
[5]Wong M H.Ecological restoration of mine degraded soils,with emphasis on metal contaminated soils[J].Chemosphere,2003,50(6):775-780.
[6]Mendez M O,Maier R M.Phytoremediation of mine tailings in temperate and arid environments[J].Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2008,7(1):47-59.
[7]Goloran J B,Chen C,Phillips I R,et al.Shifts in leaf N:P stoichiometry during rehabilitation in highly alkaline bauxite processing residue sand[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:14811.
[8]Jones B E H,Haynes R J,Phillips I R.Cation and anion leaching and growth of Acacia saligna in bauxite residue sand amended with residue mud,poultry manure and phosphogypsum[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2012,19(3):835-846.
[9]Luo Y F,Wu Y G,Wang H,et al.Bacterial community structure and diversity responses to the direct revegetation of an artisanal zinc smelting slag after 5years[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(15):14773-14788.
[10]安宗胜,詹婧,孙庆业.自然植物群落形成过程中铜尾矿废弃地氮素组分的变化[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5958-5966.
[11]任冠举,孙庆业,安树青,等.不同植物群落下酸化尾矿养分状况及土壤酶活性[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(4):379-382.
[12]Yang S X,Cao J B,Li F M,et al.Field evaluation of the effectiveness of three industrial by-products as organic amendments for phytostabilization of a Pb/Zn mine tailings[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2016,18(1):95-103.
[13]Lei D M,Duan C Q.Restoration potential of pioneer plants growing on lead-zinc mine tailings in Lanping,southwest China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20(10):1202-1209.
[14]Pardo T,Bernal M P,Clemente R.Phytostabilisation of severely contaminated mine tailings using halophytes and field addition of organic and inorganic amendments[J].Chemosphere,2017,178:556-564.
[15]Courtney R,Mullen G,Harrington T.An evaluation of revegetation success on bauxite residue[J].Restoration Ecology,2009,17(3):350-358.
[16]Santini T C,Fey M V.Spontaneous vegetation encroachment upon bauxite residue(red mud)as an indicator and facilitator of in situ remediation processes[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(21):12089-12096.
[17]Xue S G,Zhu F,Kong X F,et al.A review of the characterization and revegetation of bauxite residues(Red mud)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(2):1120-1132.
[18]Sperow M.Carbon sequestration potential in reclaimed mine sites in seven east-central states[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2006,35(4):1428-1438.
[19]Celi L,Cerli C,Turner B L,et al.Biogeochemical cycling of soil phosphorus during natural revegetation of Pinus sylvestris on disused sand quarries in Northwestern Russia[J].Plant and Soil,2013,367(1/2):121-134.
[20]Anderson C R,Condron L M,Clough T J,et al.Biochar induced soil microbial community change:implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Pedobiologia,2011,54(5/6):309-320.
[21]Goloran J B,Chen C R,Phillips I R,et al.Plant phosphorus availability index in rehabilitated bauxiteprocessing residue sand[J].Plant and Soil,2014,374(1/2):565-578.
[22]Goloran J B,Phillips I R,Chen C R.Forms of nitrogen alter plant phosphorus uptake and pathways in rehabilitated highly alkaline bauxite processing residue sand[J].Land Degradation&Development,2017,28(2):628-637.
[23]Chrysochoou M,Dermatas D,Grubb D G.Phosphate application to firing range soils for Pb immobilization:the unclear role of phosphate[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,144(1/2):1-14.
[24]Ruby M V,Davis A,Nicholson A.In situ formation of lead phosphates in soils as a method to immobilize lead[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1994,28(4):646-654.
[25]陈世宝,李娜,王萌,等.利用磷进行铅污染土壤原位修复中需考虑的几个问题[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):203-209.
[26]柯莉萍,张艳,李冬立.威宁县严重干旱气候条件分析[J].现代农业科技,2011(13):286-288.
[27]宋振涛,管少斌,牛禹,等.黔西北铅锌成矿带成矿地质条件与找矿标志[J].矿产与地质,2017,31(3):460-471.
[28]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[29]朱广伟,秦伯强,高光,等.灼烧对沉积物烧失量及铁,磷测定的影响[J].分析试验室,2004,23(9):72-76.
[30]刘晶晶,李敏,曲博,等.湿地挺水植物根系土壤中的磷形态变化与分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2040-2046.
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