星斗山自然保护区红椿群落物种多度分布（英文）
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摘要
物种多度是群落结构数量化研究的主要途径之一,是理解群落性质的重要基础。以星斗山自然保护区红椿(Toona ciliata)天然群落的乔灌草层的物种多度分布格局为研究对象,分别运用断棍模型BSM、生态位重叠模型ONM和生态位优先模型NPM,对数级数模型LSD、对数正态模型LND和Weibull模型WDM等模型,对不同层次物种多度分布进行了拟合研究。采用赤池信息准则(AIC)、卡方(χ~2)、Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验,综合选择最优模型,结果表明:(1)3种生态位模型拟合广度和优度排序为NPM> BSM> ONM。3种统计学模型中,WDM可以解释红椿乔灌草层多度拟合,拟合效果最优,其次为LND,LSD拒绝灌草层,拟合效果较差;总体而言,统计学模型拟合优于生态位模型。(2)不同红椿为群落乔木层优势种;物种丰富度和多样性远高于草本层,而灌木层略高于乔木层;群落的均匀度大小排序为:草本>灌木>乔木。不同生态学或统计学模型可以同时拟合不同的物种多度但拟合优度不同。因此,研究不同红椿群落物种多度分布时,尽量注重模型的生态学意义,以选择具有最佳生态解释的拟合模型。
With the goal of model fitting species abundance distribution patterns of the tree, shrub and herb layers of the natural Toona ciliata community in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, we used the data collected from the field survey and employed different ecological niche models. The models tested were the broken stick model(BSM), the overlapping niche model(ONM) and the niche preemption model(NPM), as well as three statistic models, the log-series distribution model(LSD), the log-normal distribution model(LND) and the Weibull distribution model(WDM). To determine the fitted model most suitable to each layer, the fitting effects were judged by criteria of the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion(AIC), Chi-square and the K-S values with no significant difference(P>0.05) between the theoretical predictions and observed species abundance distribution values. The result showed:(1) The fitting suitability and goodness of fit of the tree, shrub and herb layers by using the three ecological niche models were ranked as: NPM>BSM>ONM. Of the three statistical models, by accepting the fitting results of the three layers, WDM was the best fitting model, followed by LND. By rejecting the fitting tests of the herb layer, LSD had the worst fitting effect. The goodness of the statistical models was ranked as: WDM>LND>LSD. In general, the statistical models had better fitting results than the ecological models.(2) T. ciliata was the dominant species of the tree layer. The species richness and diversity of the herb layer were much higher than those of either the tree layer or the shrub layer. The species richness and diversity of the shrub layer were slightly higher than those of the tree layer. The community evenness accorded to the following order: herb>shrub>tree. Considering the fitting results of the different layers, different ecological niche models or statistical models with optimal goodness of fit and ecological significance can be given priority to in studying the species abundance distribution patterns of T. ciliata communities.
With the goal of model fitting species abundance distribution patterns of the tree, shrub and herb layers of the natural Toona ciliata community in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, we used the data collected from the field survey and employed different ecological niche models. The models tested were the broken stick model(BSM), the overlapping niche model(ONM) and the niche preemption model(NPM), as well as three statistic models, the log-series distribution model(LSD), the log-normal distribution model(LND) and the Weibull distribution model(WDM). To determine the fitted model most suitable to each layer, the fitting effects were judged by criteria of the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion(AIC), Chi-square and the K-S values with no significant difference(P>0.05) between the theoretical predictions and observed species abundance distribution values. The result showed:(1) The fitting suitability and goodness of fit of the tree, shrub and herb layers by using the three ecological niche models were ranked as: NPM>BSM>ONM. Of the three statistical models, by accepting the fitting results of the three layers, WDM was the best fitting model, followed by LND. By rejecting the fitting tests of the herb layer, LSD had the worst fitting effect. The goodness of the statistical models was ranked as: WDM>LND>LSD. In general, the statistical models had better fitting results than the ecological models.(2) T. ciliata was the dominant species of the tree layer. The species richness and diversity of the herb layer were much higher than those of either the tree layer or the shrub layer. The species richness and diversity of the shrub layer were slightly higher than those of the tree layer. The community evenness accorded to the following order: herb>shrub>tree. Considering the fitting results of the different layers, different ecological niche models or statistical models with optimal goodness of fit and ecological significance can be given priority to in studying the species abundance distribution patterns of T. ciliata communities.
引文
Borda deágua L,Borges P A V,Hubbell S P,et al.2012.Spatial scaling of species abundance distributions.Ecography,35:549-556.
Burnham K P,Anderson D R.2002.Model selection and multi-model inference:A practical information-theoretic approach,2nd edn.New York:Springer-Verlag.
Chen S L,Zhang Z H,Liao Y S,et al.2008.Current status and protection countermeasures of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen habitat in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(11):4624-4625.(in Chinese)
Cheng J J,Mi X C,Ma K P,et al.2011.Responses of species-abundance distribution to varying sampling scales in a subtropical broad-leaved forest.Biodiversity Science,19(2):168-177.(in Chinese)
Fang X F,Yang Q S,Liu H M,et al.2016.Distribution of species abundance of evergreen and deciduous woody plants in the evergreen broad-leaved forests at Tiantong,Zhejiang.Biodiversity Science,24(6):629-638.(in Chinese)
Feng Y,Ma K M,Zhang Y X,et al.2007.Species abundance distribution of Quercus liaotungensis forest along altitudinal gradient in Dongling Mountain,Beijing.Acta Ecologica Sinica,27(11):4743-4750.(in Chinese)
Fisher R A,Corbet A S,Williams C B.1943.The relation between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of animal population.Journal of Animal Ecology,12(1):42-58.
Gao L X,Bi R C,Yan M.2011.Species abundance distribution patterns of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,35(12):1256-1270.(in Chinese)
Guo X Y,Zhang J T,Gong H L,et al.2007.Species abundance patterns of artificial vegetation in Antaibao Open Mine.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,43(3):118-121.(in Chinese)
Huang S,Lv S A,Hong J F,et al.2016.Study on the florists of seed plants in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve,Hubei.Plant Science Journal,34(5):684-694.(in Chinese)
Hubbell S P.2001.The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography.In:Silvertown J,Amtonovics J eds.Princeton Monographs in Population Biology.Princeton University Press,Princeton,New Jersey,USA:375.
Jiang M X,Jin Y X,He J S,et al.1995.The effects of man-made disturbance on woody species of second growth of masson pine forest in Three-gorge region.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley,4(4):356-361.(in Chinese)
Kempton R A.1979.Structure of species abundance and measurement of diversity.Biometrics,35:307-322.
Kempton R A,Taylor L R.1974a.The Q-statistic and the diversity of floras.Nature,275:252-253.
Kempton R A,Taylor L R.1974b.Log-series and log-normal parameters as diversity discriminants for the Lepidoptera.Journal of Animal Ecology,43:381-399.
Liu Y,Sun Y Y,Chen S M,et al.2007.Analysis and protection on biological diversity in Xingdoushan State-class Reserve of Hubei.Journal of Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,6:42-45.(in Chinese)
MacArthur R H.1957.On the relative abundance of bird species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,43:293-295.
Magurran A E.1988.Ecological diversity and its measurement.Princeton University Press,New Jersey,USA:1-79.
Magurran A E,Henderson P A.2003.Explaining the excess of rare species in natural species abundance distribution.Nature,422:714-716.
Ma K M.2003.Research progress of species abundance pattern,Acta Ecologica Sinica,27(3):412-426.(in Chinese)
Ma K P.1994.The measurement of biotic com-munity diversity.In:Qian YQ,Ma K P eds.Principles and Methods in the Study of Biotic Community Diversity.Beijing,China:Chinese Science and Technology Press:141-165.(in Chinese)
Ma K P,Liu C R,Yu S L,et al.1997.Plant community diversity in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,China.III.Species abundance relations of several types of forest communities.Acta Ecologica Sinica,17(6):573-583.(in Chinese)
May R M.1975.Patterns of species abundance and diversity.In:Coddy ML,Diamona J Meds.Eds,Ecology and evolution of communities.Cambridge,MA:Belknap Press of Harvard University:81-120..
Mc Gill B J.2010.Species abundance distributions.In:Biological diversity:Frontiers in measurement and assessment(Magurran A E,McGill B J,eds).New York:Oxford University Press..
Motonura I.1932.On the statistical treatment of communities.Zoological Magazine(Tokyo),44:379-383.
Peng S L,Yin Z Y,Reng H,et al.2003.Advances in research on the species-abundance relationship models in multi-species collection.Acta Ecologica Sinica,23(8):1590-1605.(in Chinese)
Pielou E C.1975.Ecological diversity.New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc.:21-23.
Preston F W.1948.The commonness,and rarity,of species.Ecology,29(3):254-283.
Qin L.2009.Statistical ecology.Beijing,China:China Forestry Press:71-72.(in Chinese)
Qin L,Wen Y G,Luo Y H,et al.2009.Weibull model of species abundance distribution of Huodendron biaristatum community in Damingshan Nature Reserve.Guihaia,29(1):116-119.(in Chinese)
Reng P,Wang X,Guo H.2009.Species Abundance distribution pattern of forestry communities in the Loess Plateau.Chinese Journal of Ecology,28(8):1449-1455.(in Chinese)
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China.1999.List of state key protected wild plants(the first directory).Plant Journal,(5):4-11.
Tokeshi,M.1993.Species abundance patterns and community structure.Advances in Ecological Research,24:112-186.
Whittaker R H.1972.Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon,21:213-351.
Wu C Z,Hong W.1997.Study on Weibull model for species abundance distribution of Tsoongiodendron odorum forest.Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,17(1):20-24.(in Chinese)
Wu C Z,Hong W,Yan S J,et al.2004.Study on species abundance distribution model of the rare and endangered plant Tsuga longibracteata community.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,12(4):167-169.(in Chinese)
Wu C Z,Hong W,Zheng Q R.2001.Application of various patterns to the study on species relative abundance of Tsoongiodendron odorum community.Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,9(3):235-242.(in Chinese)
Xie J Y,Chen L Z.1997.The studies of some aspects of biodiversity on scrubs in the warm temperate zone in China.Acta PhytoEcologica Sinica,21(3):197-207.(in Chinese)
Xu G J,Lin K M,Xu N,et al.2018.Species connection of main tree species at tree layer of old-growth Chinese fir forest with near natural management.Journal of Forest and Environment,38(4):385-392.(in Chinese)
Yin Z Y,Liao W B.1999.Studies on log-normal distribution patterns of species abundance of south subtropical forest community,China.Guihaia,19(3):221-224.(in Chinese)
Zhang J T.1999.Species abundance patterns in some broad-leaved deciduous forests in New York,USA.Acta PhytoEcologica Sinica,23(6):481-489.(in Chinese)
Zhang M,Zhang X L,Wang Y,et al.2018.Species abundance distribution model of Keteleeria davidiana Community in Zhangheyuan Nature Reserve.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,57(18):80-83.(in Chinese)
Zhang S,Lin F,Yuan Z Q,et al.2015.Herb layer species abundance distribution patterns in different seasons in an old-growth temperate forest in Changbai Mountain,China.Biodiversity Science,23(5):641-648.(in Chinese)
Zhao Z M,Guo Y Q.1990.Principles and methods of community ecology,Chongqing,China:Science and Technology Literature Press:134-153.(in Chinese)
Zheng D G,Liu L P,Gao W Y,et al.2019.Research onαdiversity of natural Toona ciliata community of Northwest Hubei.Journal of Hunan ecological science,6(1):21-25.
Zhong X,Zhang M,Yin X,et al.2018.Species abundance distribution of natural Toona ciliata community in Yesanguan of Badong County.Forest Inventory and Planning,43(3):63-67.(in Chinese)
Burnham K P,Anderson D R.2002.Model selection and multi-model inference:A practical information-theoretic approach,2nd edn.New York:Springer-Verlag.
Chen S L,Zhang Z H,Liao Y S,et al.2008.Current status and protection countermeasures of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen habitat in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(11):4624-4625.(in Chinese)
Cheng J J,Mi X C,Ma K P,et al.2011.Responses of species-abundance distribution to varying sampling scales in a subtropical broad-leaved forest.Biodiversity Science,19(2):168-177.(in Chinese)
Fang X F,Yang Q S,Liu H M,et al.2016.Distribution of species abundance of evergreen and deciduous woody plants in the evergreen broad-leaved forests at Tiantong,Zhejiang.Biodiversity Science,24(6):629-638.(in Chinese)
Feng Y,Ma K M,Zhang Y X,et al.2007.Species abundance distribution of Quercus liaotungensis forest along altitudinal gradient in Dongling Mountain,Beijing.Acta Ecologica Sinica,27(11):4743-4750.(in Chinese)
Fisher R A,Corbet A S,Williams C B.1943.The relation between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of animal population.Journal of Animal Ecology,12(1):42-58.
Gao L X,Bi R C,Yan M.2011.Species abundance distribution patterns of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,35(12):1256-1270.(in Chinese)
Guo X Y,Zhang J T,Gong H L,et al.2007.Species abundance patterns of artificial vegetation in Antaibao Open Mine.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,43(3):118-121.(in Chinese)
Huang S,Lv S A,Hong J F,et al.2016.Study on the florists of seed plants in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve,Hubei.Plant Science Journal,34(5):684-694.(in Chinese)
Hubbell S P.2001.The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography.In:Silvertown J,Amtonovics J eds.Princeton Monographs in Population Biology.Princeton University Press,Princeton,New Jersey,USA:375.
Jiang M X,Jin Y X,He J S,et al.1995.The effects of man-made disturbance on woody species of second growth of masson pine forest in Three-gorge region.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley,4(4):356-361.(in Chinese)
Kempton R A.1979.Structure of species abundance and measurement of diversity.Biometrics,35:307-322.
Kempton R A,Taylor L R.1974a.The Q-statistic and the diversity of floras.Nature,275:252-253.
Kempton R A,Taylor L R.1974b.Log-series and log-normal parameters as diversity discriminants for the Lepidoptera.Journal of Animal Ecology,43:381-399.
Liu Y,Sun Y Y,Chen S M,et al.2007.Analysis and protection on biological diversity in Xingdoushan State-class Reserve of Hubei.Journal of Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,6:42-45.(in Chinese)
MacArthur R H.1957.On the relative abundance of bird species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,43:293-295.
Magurran A E.1988.Ecological diversity and its measurement.Princeton University Press,New Jersey,USA:1-79.
Magurran A E,Henderson P A.2003.Explaining the excess of rare species in natural species abundance distribution.Nature,422:714-716.
Ma K M.2003.Research progress of species abundance pattern,Acta Ecologica Sinica,27(3):412-426.(in Chinese)
Ma K P.1994.The measurement of biotic com-munity diversity.In:Qian YQ,Ma K P eds.Principles and Methods in the Study of Biotic Community Diversity.Beijing,China:Chinese Science and Technology Press:141-165.(in Chinese)
Ma K P,Liu C R,Yu S L,et al.1997.Plant community diversity in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,China.III.Species abundance relations of several types of forest communities.Acta Ecologica Sinica,17(6):573-583.(in Chinese)
May R M.1975.Patterns of species abundance and diversity.In:Coddy ML,Diamona J Meds.Eds,Ecology and evolution of communities.Cambridge,MA:Belknap Press of Harvard University:81-120..
Mc Gill B J.2010.Species abundance distributions.In:Biological diversity:Frontiers in measurement and assessment(Magurran A E,McGill B J,eds).New York:Oxford University Press..
Motonura I.1932.On the statistical treatment of communities.Zoological Magazine(Tokyo),44:379-383.
Peng S L,Yin Z Y,Reng H,et al.2003.Advances in research on the species-abundance relationship models in multi-species collection.Acta Ecologica Sinica,23(8):1590-1605.(in Chinese)
Pielou E C.1975.Ecological diversity.New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc.:21-23.
Preston F W.1948.The commonness,and rarity,of species.Ecology,29(3):254-283.
Qin L.2009.Statistical ecology.Beijing,China:China Forestry Press:71-72.(in Chinese)
Qin L,Wen Y G,Luo Y H,et al.2009.Weibull model of species abundance distribution of Huodendron biaristatum community in Damingshan Nature Reserve.Guihaia,29(1):116-119.(in Chinese)
Reng P,Wang X,Guo H.2009.Species Abundance distribution pattern of forestry communities in the Loess Plateau.Chinese Journal of Ecology,28(8):1449-1455.(in Chinese)
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China.1999.List of state key protected wild plants(the first directory).Plant Journal,(5):4-11.
Tokeshi,M.1993.Species abundance patterns and community structure.Advances in Ecological Research,24:112-186.
Whittaker R H.1972.Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon,21:213-351.
Wu C Z,Hong W.1997.Study on Weibull model for species abundance distribution of Tsoongiodendron odorum forest.Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,17(1):20-24.(in Chinese)
Wu C Z,Hong W,Yan S J,et al.2004.Study on species abundance distribution model of the rare and endangered plant Tsuga longibracteata community.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,12(4):167-169.(in Chinese)
Wu C Z,Hong W,Zheng Q R.2001.Application of various patterns to the study on species relative abundance of Tsoongiodendron odorum community.Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,9(3):235-242.(in Chinese)
Xie J Y,Chen L Z.1997.The studies of some aspects of biodiversity on scrubs in the warm temperate zone in China.Acta PhytoEcologica Sinica,21(3):197-207.(in Chinese)
Xu G J,Lin K M,Xu N,et al.2018.Species connection of main tree species at tree layer of old-growth Chinese fir forest with near natural management.Journal of Forest and Environment,38(4):385-392.(in Chinese)
Yin Z Y,Liao W B.1999.Studies on log-normal distribution patterns of species abundance of south subtropical forest community,China.Guihaia,19(3):221-224.(in Chinese)
Zhang J T.1999.Species abundance patterns in some broad-leaved deciduous forests in New York,USA.Acta PhytoEcologica Sinica,23(6):481-489.(in Chinese)
Zhang M,Zhang X L,Wang Y,et al.2018.Species abundance distribution model of Keteleeria davidiana Community in Zhangheyuan Nature Reserve.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,57(18):80-83.(in Chinese)
Zhang S,Lin F,Yuan Z Q,et al.2015.Herb layer species abundance distribution patterns in different seasons in an old-growth temperate forest in Changbai Mountain,China.Biodiversity Science,23(5):641-648.(in Chinese)
Zhao Z M,Guo Y Q.1990.Principles and methods of community ecology,Chongqing,China:Science and Technology Literature Press:134-153.(in Chinese)
Zheng D G,Liu L P,Gao W Y,et al.2019.Research onαdiversity of natural Toona ciliata community of Northwest Hubei.Journal of Hunan ecological science,6(1):21-25.
Zhong X,Zhang M,Yin X,et al.2018.Species abundance distribution of natural Toona ciliata community in Yesanguan of Badong County.Forest Inventory and Planning,43(3):63-67.(in Chinese)
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