西藏巨须裂腹鱼早期发育特征
|
摘要
巨须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax macropogon)隶属裂腹鱼亚科,裂腹鱼属,是西藏特有经济鱼类,因过度捕捞,其种群数量和分布面积下降,在2009年中国红色名录评为"濒危"等级。研究通过研究巨须裂腹鱼早期发育特征,旨在为该鱼的科学养护提供技术支撑。结果表明:巨须裂腹鱼受精卵直径3.0—3.2 mm,遇水开始具有微黏性,随后脱黏,经过准备卵裂阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚阶段、器官分化阶段、孵化阶段,在水温10℃的条件下,经过460.67h孵化出来。初孵仔鱼体长9.9—1.1 mm,心率48—50次/min,鳃盖骨清晰可见,下颌原基、尾鳍下骨原基可见。第2天鼻凹出现;第3天肝胰脏原基出现;第4天鳃耙、肩带原基出现;第6天仔鱼上下颌开始张合;第7天心血管分化结束,仔鱼开始进入混合营养期;第14天鳔一室和体侧色素带形成;第26天肋骨原基出现;第35天鳔二室出现,卵黄囊耗尽;第63天背鳍分化结束;第83天臀鳍分化结束。巨须裂腹鱼胚胎具有独特的发育时序:体节的出现先于胚孔封闭,是对高原环境的一种适应和进化。
To protect Schizothorax macropogon,belong to Schizothorax,Schizothorax,this study investigated the embryonic and larval development characteristics of Schizothorax macropogon to provide technical support for its scientific protection and rational development.The results indicated that the egg with the diameter 3.0—3.2 mm were slightly sticky when met with water and then take off the stick.The egg hatched about 460.67 hours at temperature 10℃.Based on external morphological characteristics,embryonic development was separated into 7 stages,including cleavage preparing stage,cleavage stage,blastula stage,gastrula stage,neural embryo stage,organ differentiation stage,and hatching stage.Newly hatching fry with body length 9.9—11.0 mm,heart rate 48—50 beats/min,operculum,underjaw primordial radial of tail fin primordia clearly appeared.2-day fry after hatching,nose concave appeared.Hepatopancreas primordial observed from 3 day fry after hatching,and gill raker and shoulder strap primordium shown in 4 day fry after hatching.The upper and lower jaw began to open and close in 6 day fry after hatching,and vascular differentiation ended,turned into mixed vegetative phase at 7 day fry after hatching.14 day fry after hatching,swim bladder one room and pigment zone formed.26 day fry after hatching,rib primordia developed.35 day fry after hatching,swim bladder two room formed and yolk sac depleted.63 day fry after hatching,dorsal fin differentiation ended and lateral line developed.83 day fry after hatching,anal fin differentiation ended.An unique development timing for the first blastopore to metameres existed in Schizothorax macropogon,which is the adaptation and evolution to plateau environment.
To protect Schizothorax macropogon,belong to Schizothorax,Schizothorax,this study investigated the embryonic and larval development characteristics of Schizothorax macropogon to provide technical support for its scientific protection and rational development.The results indicated that the egg with the diameter 3.0—3.2 mm were slightly sticky when met with water and then take off the stick.The egg hatched about 460.67 hours at temperature 10℃.Based on external morphological characteristics,embryonic development was separated into 7 stages,including cleavage preparing stage,cleavage stage,blastula stage,gastrula stage,neural embryo stage,organ differentiation stage,and hatching stage.Newly hatching fry with body length 9.9—11.0 mm,heart rate 48—50 beats/min,operculum,underjaw primordial radial of tail fin primordia clearly appeared.2-day fry after hatching,nose concave appeared.Hepatopancreas primordial observed from 3 day fry after hatching,and gill raker and shoulder strap primordium shown in 4 day fry after hatching.The upper and lower jaw began to open and close in 6 day fry after hatching,and vascular differentiation ended,turned into mixed vegetative phase at 7 day fry after hatching.14 day fry after hatching,swim bladder one room and pigment zone formed.26 day fry after hatching,rib primordia developed.35 day fry after hatching,swim bladder two room formed and yolk sac depleted.63 day fry after hatching,dorsal fin differentiation ended and lateral line developed.83 day fry after hatching,anal fin differentiation ended.An unique development timing for the first blastopore to metameres existed in Schizothorax macropogon,which is the adaptation and evolution to plateau environment.
引文
[1]Liu J Y.Study on biology and population dynamics of Schizohorax macropogon in the Yarlung Tsangpo River[D].Alar:Tarim University.2016[刘洁雅.西藏巨须裂腹鱼个体生物学和种群动态研究.阿拉尔:塔里木大学.2016]
[2]Fisheries bureau of Tibet autonomous region.Fish and Fishery in Xizang[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.1995,1-162[西藏自治区水产局.西藏鱼类及其资源.北京:中国农业出版社.1995,1-162]
[3]Yang H Y,Huang D M.A preliminary investigation on fish fauna and resources of the upper and middle Yalu Tsangpo River[J].Journal of Huazhong Normal University(Natural Sciences),2011,45(4):629-633[杨汉运,黄道明.雅鲁藏布江中上游鱼类区系和资源状况初步调查.华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,45(4):629-633]
[4]Wang S,Xie Y.China Species Red List,Vol.Ⅱ.Vertebrate[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.2009,1-819[汪松,解焱.中国红色名录(第二卷:脊椎动物,上册).北京:高等教育出版社.2009,1-819]
[5]Chen F,Chen Y F.Investigation and protection strategies of fishes of Lhasa River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2010,34(2):278-285[陈锋,陈毅峰.拉萨河鱼类调查及保护.水生生物学报,2010,34(2):278-285]
[6]Shen H B,Guo L.Analysis and investigation of the fish from Niyang River,Tibet[J].Hebei Fisheries,2008,173(5):51-54,60[沈红保,郭丽.西藏尼洋河鱼类组成调查与分析.河北渔业,2008,173(5):51-54,60]
[7]Fan L Q,Tu Y L,Li J C,et al.Fish assemblage at the lhaluwetland:does the native fish still exist[J].Resources Science,2011,33(9):1742-1749[范丽卿,土艳丽,李建川,等.拉萨市拉鲁湿地鱼类现状与保护.资源科学,2011,33(9):1742-1749]
[8]Ding H P.Studies on the biology of exotic fishes in Chabalang wetland and their stresses on native fishes[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[丁慧萍.茶巴朗湿地外来鱼类的生物学及其对土著鱼类的胁迫.武汉:华中农业大学.2014]
[9]Qin D H,Chen Y Y,Li X Y,et al.Climate and Environment Changes in China:Climate and Environment Changes in China and their Projections[M].Beijing:Science Press.2005,98-109[秦大河,陈宜瑜,李学勇,等.中国气候与环境演变(下卷):气候与环境变化的影响与适应、减缓对策.北京:科学出版社.2005,98-109]
[10]Xie H.The Evapotranspiation and its response to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau(1970-2010)[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.2012[谢虹.青藏高原蒸散发及其对气候变化的响应(1970-2010).兰州:兰州大学.2012]
[11]An B S,Cheng G D.Dynamic analysis of the ecological footprint and carrying capacity of Tibet[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(4):1002-1009[安宝晟,程国栋.西藏生态足迹与承载力动态分析.生态学报,2014,34(4):1002-1009]
[12]Ma B S.Study on the biology and population dynamics of Schizohorax o'connori[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2011[马宝珊.异齿裂腹鱼个体生物学和种群动态研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2011]
[13]Zhou X J.Study on the biology and population dynamics of Schizohorax waltoni[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[周贤君.拉萨裂腹鱼个体生物学和种群动态研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2014]
[14]Huo B.Study on the biology and population dynamics of Oxygymnocypris stewartii[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[霍斌.尖裸鲤个体生物学和种群动态学研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2014]
[15]Yang X.Study on age,growth,feeding habits and population dynamics of Ptychobarbus dipogon in the Yarlung Tsangpo River[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2015[杨鑫.雅鲁藏布江双须叶须鱼年龄生长、食性和种群动态研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2015]
[16]Jiang Z G,Jiang J P,Wang Y Z,et al.Red list of Chinese vertebrate[J].Biodiversity Science,2016,24(5):501-551,615[蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,2016,24(5):501-551,615]
[17]Liu H P,Mou Z B,Cai B,et al.Coupling supply-side structural reform and technological innovation boosting the fishery resource conservation process in Tibet[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2018,30(1):266-278[刘海平,牟振波,蔡斌,等.供给侧改革与科技创新耦合助推西藏渔业资源养护.湖泊科学,2018,30(1):266-278]
[18]Tu Z Y,Yuan X,Wang C F,et al.Swimming capability and activity metabolism of sub-adult Schizothorax macropogon[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(4):682-688[涂志英,袁喜,王从锋,等.亚成体巨须裂腹鱼游泳能力及活动代谢研究.水生生物学报,2012,36(4):682-688]
[19]Zhu X F,Chen Y F.Preliminary study on the age and growth characteristics of Schizothorax macropogon[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2009,44(3):76-82[朱秀芳,陈毅峰.巨须裂腹鱼年龄与生长的初步研究.动物学杂志,2009,44(3):76-82]
[20]Ji Q.The study on the morphology of feeding organs and the feeding habits of six Schizothoracine fishes[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2008[季强.六种裂腹鱼类摄食消化器官形态学与食性的研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2008]
[21]Shao J J,Shi J B,Duo B,et al.Mercury in alpine fish from four rivers in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,39(1):22-28
[22]Guo X Z,Zhang G R,Yan R J,et al.Isolation and characterization of twenty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci in Schizothorax macropogon[J].Conservation Genetics Resources,2014,6(2):483-485
[23]Huo T B,Li L,Wang J L,et al.Length-weight relationships for six fish species from the middle of the Yalu Tsangpo River,China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2015,31(5):956-957
[24]Liu H P,Ye S W,Li Z J.Length-weight relationships of three schizothoracinae fish species from the Niyang River,a branch of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet,China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2016,32(5):982-985
[25]Shao J,Ma B S,Yang X,et al.Length-weight and lengthlength relationships of three endemic fish species from the Yarlung Tsangpo River,China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2016,32(6):1337-1339
[26]Zhu Y X,Chen Y,Cheng Q Q,et al.The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Schizothorax macropogon(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)[J].Mitochondrial DNA,2013,24(3):237-239
[27]Chen Y X,Luo Q S.Embryonic development of Schizothorax Kozlovi in upper reaches of Wujiang River,Sichuan[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,1997,16(4):163-167[陈永祥,罗泉笙.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼的胚胎发育.四川动物,1997,16(4):163-167]
[28]Shi J Q,Qi H F,Yang J X,et al.Fry breeding technology and artificial reproduction of Gymnocypis przewalskii[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2000,30(2):3-6[史建全,祁洪芳,杨建新,等.青海湖裸鲤人工繁殖及鱼苗培育技术的研究.淡水渔业,2000,30(2):3-6]
[29]Wu Q,Wang Q,Cai L M,et al.Development of embryos and post-embryonic larvae in Gymnocypris potanini herzenstin[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2001,23(3):276-279[吴青,王强,蔡礼明,等松潘裸鲤的胚胎发育和胚后仔鱼发育.西南农业大学学报,2001,23(3):276-279]
[30]Wu Q,Wang Q,Cai L M,et al.The embryonic and larval development of Schizothorax prenanti[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2004,19(3):218-221[吴青,王强,蔡礼明,等.齐口裂腹鱼的胚胎发育和仔鱼的早期发育.大连水产学院学报,2004,19(3):218-221]
[31]Leng Y,Xu W Y,Liu Y T,et al.Observation on embryonic development of Schizothorax parvus[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2006,26(1):32-33[冷云,徐伟毅,刘跃天,等.小裂腹鱼胚胎发育的观察.水利渔业,2006,26(1):32-33]
[32]Ren B,Ren M L,Guo Y,et al.Morphological observation of the development of Aspiorhynchus laticeps embryo and larva[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2007,22(6):397-402[任波,任慕莲,郭焱,等.扁吻鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育的形态学观察.大连水产学院学报,2007,22(6):397-402]
[33]Zhang R M,Ma Y W,Tu Er X,et al.Preliminary observation on embryonic and fry up-growth of Aspiorhynchus laticeps(Day)[J].Arid Zone Research,2008,25(2):190-195[张人铭,马燕武,吐尔逊,等.新疆扁吻鱼的胚胎发育和仔鱼发育的初步观察.干旱区研究,2008,25(2):190-195]
[34]Zhang R M,Ma Y W,Tu Er X,et al.Primary observation of the embryonic and larval development of Schizothorax biddulphi[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2007,27(2):27-28[张人铭,马燕武,吐尔逊,等.塔里木裂腹鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的初步观察.水利渔业,2007,27(2):27-28]
[35]Zhou C P.Reproductive biology of Schizopygopsis malacanthus baoxingensis[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University.2007[周翠萍.宝兴裸裂尻鱼的繁殖生物学研究.成都:四川农业大学.2007]
[36]Zhao H T,Chen Y X,Hu S Y,et al.Embryonic development and artificial reproduction of pond culture Schizothorax grahami[C].Abstract assembly of seminar thesis from Chinese Ichthyological Society in 2008.Chinese Ichthyological Society.2008[赵海涛,陈永祥,胡思玉,等.池塘养殖昆明裂腹鱼人工繁殖初报及胚胎发育观察.中国鱼类学会2008学术研讨会论文摘要汇编.中国鱼类学会.2008]
[37]Chen L Q,Wu Q,Zhen S M,et al.Development of embryo and yolk-sac larva of Schizothorax chongi[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(6):927-931[陈礼强,吴青,郑曙明,等.细鳞裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的发育.中国水产科学,2008,15(6):927-931]
[38]Shen Z X,Wang G J,Tang W J,et al.Observation on embryonic development and artificial incubation of Schizopygopsis pylzovi[J].Farming and Animal Husbandry in Qinghai,2009,99(3):37-38[申志新,王国杰,唐文家,等.黄河裸裂尻鱼人工孵化及胚胎发育观察.青海农牧业,2009,99(3):37-38]
[39]Deng S H,Chen X S,Tan Z L,et al.Embryonic development of Schizopygopsis pylzovi and observation in morphological abnormalities with two heads[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(4):97-100[邓思红,陈修松,谭中林,等.黄河裸裂尻鱼胚胎发育和双头鱼形态初步观察.水生态学杂志,2014,35(4):97-100]
[40]Cai L G,Niu J G,Zhang B P,et al.Observation on embryonic and larval development of Schizothorax pseudaksaiensis Herzenstein[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(5):74-78[蔡林钢,牛建功,张北平,等.伊犁裂腹鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的观察.淡水渔业,2011,41(5):74-78]
[41]Zhang L S.The embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax o'connori[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2011,26(3):238-242[张良松.异齿裂腹鱼胚胎发育与仔鱼早期发育的研究.大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(3):238-242]
[42]Xu J,Xie C X,Shao J,et al.Embryonic and larval development of Oxygymnocypris stewartii in the Yarlungzangbo River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(2):86-95[许静,谢从新,邵俭,等.雅鲁藏布江尖裸鲤胚胎和仔稚鱼发育研究.水生态学杂志,2011,32(2):86-95]
[43]Shen An H,Li G H,Zhao S H,et al.Study on embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax lissolabiatus[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2013,34(6):76-79[申安华,李光华,赵树海,等.光唇裂腹鱼胚胎发育与仔鱼早期发育的研究.水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):76-79]
[44]Zhang Y P,Wang T,Jiao W L,et al.Morphology observation of the embryonic development of Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2013,32(3):389-392[张艳萍,王太,焦文龙,等.厚唇裸重唇鱼胚胎发育的形态学观察.四川动物,2013,32(3):389-392]
[45]Wang W L.Study of Cymnocypris chilianensis artificial reproduction technology,embryonic development and the rule of oxygen[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University.2014[王万良.祁连山裸鲤人工繁殖技术、胚胎发育及其耗氧规律的研究.兰州:甘肃农业大学.2014]
[46]Zuo P X,Li G H,Leng Y,et al.Embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax wangchiachii[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2015,36(3):77-82[左鹏翔,李光华,冷云,等.短须裂腹鱼胚胎与仔鱼早期发育特性研究.水生态学杂志,2015,36(3):77-82]
[47]Liu Y,Zhu T B,Wu X B,et al.Observation of embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax wangchiachii[J].Fisheries Science,2015,34(11):683-689[刘阳,朱挺兵,吴兴兵,等.短须裂腹鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育观察.水产科学,2015,34(11):683-689]
[48]Gan W X,Wang H M,Deng L J,et al.The morphological development of embryos and yolk-sac larvae of Schizothorax wangchiachii[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2016,51(2):253-260[甘维熊,王红梅,邓龙君,等.雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育.动物学杂志,2016,51(2):253-260]
[49]Cao W X,Chen Y Y,Wu Y F,et al.Origin and Evolution of Schizothorax and their Relationship with the Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[M].In:The QinghaiTibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Expedition from Chinese Academy of Sciences.Ages,Amplitudes and Form Problems during the Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Beijing:Science Press.1981,118-130[曹文宣,陈宜瑜,武云飞,等.裂腹鱼类的起源和演化及其与青藏高原的隆起关系.见:中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形式问题.北京:科学出版社.1981,118-130]
[50]Zhang Z G,Wang W M.Review of otolith in fish[J].Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University,2001,21(4):77-83[张治国,王卫民.鱼类耳石研究综述.湛江海洋大学学报,2001,21(4):77-83]
[51]Liao Y F,Wang W Y,Zhang L,et al.Distribution of biologically effective solar ultraviolet radiation intensity on the ground in China[J].Geographical Research,2007,26(4):821-827,860[廖永丰,王五一,张莉,等.到达中国陆面的生物有效紫外线辐射强度分布.地理研究,2007,26(4):821-827,860]
[52]Tang An H,He X F.Observation on development of embryos and post-embryonic larvae in Acrossocheilus yunanensis[J].Journal of Southwest Normal University(Natural Sciences),1982,(1):91-99[唐安华,何学福.云南光唇鱼Acrossocheilus yunanensis(Regan)的胚胎和胚后发育的初步观察.西南师范学院学报(自然科学版),1982,(1):91-99]
[53]Xie E Y,Yang Q F,He X F.The embryonic and larval development of Torbrevifilis brevifilis[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2002,26(2):115-121[谢恩义,阳清发,何学福.瓣结鱼的胚胎及幼鱼发育.水产学报,2002,26(2):115-121]
[54]Su M,Lin D J,You Y L.Observations on the embryonic development of Spinibarbus caldwelli[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University(Natural Sciences),2002,18(2):80-84[苏敏,林丹军,尤永隆.黑脊倒刺鲃胚胎发育的观察.福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,18(2):80-84]
[55]Wen X H,Feng H L,Li W W,et al.Observations on the embryonic development of Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Bulletin of Veterinary College of PLA,1991,11(1):70-71[文兴豪,冯怀亮,李文武,等.草鱼早期胚胎发育观察.兽医大学学报,1991,11(1):70-71]
[56]Wu H T,Shi Y Q.Observations on the embryonic development of Aristichthys nobilis[J].Journal of Harbin Normal University(Natural Science),1964:115-126[吳鴻图,施有琦.鳙鱼(Aristi chthys nobilis)的胚胎发育.哈尔滨师范学院学报(自然科学版),1964:115-126]
[57]Chen S L.Observations on the embryonic development of Cyprinus carpio L.[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,1960,(4):165-168[陈少莲.鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.)胚胎发育的观察.动物学杂志,1960,(4):165-168]
[2]Fisheries bureau of Tibet autonomous region.Fish and Fishery in Xizang[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.1995,1-162[西藏自治区水产局.西藏鱼类及其资源.北京:中国农业出版社.1995,1-162]
[3]Yang H Y,Huang D M.A preliminary investigation on fish fauna and resources of the upper and middle Yalu Tsangpo River[J].Journal of Huazhong Normal University(Natural Sciences),2011,45(4):629-633[杨汉运,黄道明.雅鲁藏布江中上游鱼类区系和资源状况初步调查.华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,45(4):629-633]
[4]Wang S,Xie Y.China Species Red List,Vol.Ⅱ.Vertebrate[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.2009,1-819[汪松,解焱.中国红色名录(第二卷:脊椎动物,上册).北京:高等教育出版社.2009,1-819]
[5]Chen F,Chen Y F.Investigation and protection strategies of fishes of Lhasa River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2010,34(2):278-285[陈锋,陈毅峰.拉萨河鱼类调查及保护.水生生物学报,2010,34(2):278-285]
[6]Shen H B,Guo L.Analysis and investigation of the fish from Niyang River,Tibet[J].Hebei Fisheries,2008,173(5):51-54,60[沈红保,郭丽.西藏尼洋河鱼类组成调查与分析.河北渔业,2008,173(5):51-54,60]
[7]Fan L Q,Tu Y L,Li J C,et al.Fish assemblage at the lhaluwetland:does the native fish still exist[J].Resources Science,2011,33(9):1742-1749[范丽卿,土艳丽,李建川,等.拉萨市拉鲁湿地鱼类现状与保护.资源科学,2011,33(9):1742-1749]
[8]Ding H P.Studies on the biology of exotic fishes in Chabalang wetland and their stresses on native fishes[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[丁慧萍.茶巴朗湿地外来鱼类的生物学及其对土著鱼类的胁迫.武汉:华中农业大学.2014]
[9]Qin D H,Chen Y Y,Li X Y,et al.Climate and Environment Changes in China:Climate and Environment Changes in China and their Projections[M].Beijing:Science Press.2005,98-109[秦大河,陈宜瑜,李学勇,等.中国气候与环境演变(下卷):气候与环境变化的影响与适应、减缓对策.北京:科学出版社.2005,98-109]
[10]Xie H.The Evapotranspiation and its response to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau(1970-2010)[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.2012[谢虹.青藏高原蒸散发及其对气候变化的响应(1970-2010).兰州:兰州大学.2012]
[11]An B S,Cheng G D.Dynamic analysis of the ecological footprint and carrying capacity of Tibet[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(4):1002-1009[安宝晟,程国栋.西藏生态足迹与承载力动态分析.生态学报,2014,34(4):1002-1009]
[12]Ma B S.Study on the biology and population dynamics of Schizohorax o'connori[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2011[马宝珊.异齿裂腹鱼个体生物学和种群动态研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2011]
[13]Zhou X J.Study on the biology and population dynamics of Schizohorax waltoni[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[周贤君.拉萨裂腹鱼个体生物学和种群动态研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2014]
[14]Huo B.Study on the biology and population dynamics of Oxygymnocypris stewartii[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2014[霍斌.尖裸鲤个体生物学和种群动态学研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2014]
[15]Yang X.Study on age,growth,feeding habits and population dynamics of Ptychobarbus dipogon in the Yarlung Tsangpo River[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2015[杨鑫.雅鲁藏布江双须叶须鱼年龄生长、食性和种群动态研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2015]
[16]Jiang Z G,Jiang J P,Wang Y Z,et al.Red list of Chinese vertebrate[J].Biodiversity Science,2016,24(5):501-551,615[蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,2016,24(5):501-551,615]
[17]Liu H P,Mou Z B,Cai B,et al.Coupling supply-side structural reform and technological innovation boosting the fishery resource conservation process in Tibet[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2018,30(1):266-278[刘海平,牟振波,蔡斌,等.供给侧改革与科技创新耦合助推西藏渔业资源养护.湖泊科学,2018,30(1):266-278]
[18]Tu Z Y,Yuan X,Wang C F,et al.Swimming capability and activity metabolism of sub-adult Schizothorax macropogon[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(4):682-688[涂志英,袁喜,王从锋,等.亚成体巨须裂腹鱼游泳能力及活动代谢研究.水生生物学报,2012,36(4):682-688]
[19]Zhu X F,Chen Y F.Preliminary study on the age and growth characteristics of Schizothorax macropogon[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2009,44(3):76-82[朱秀芳,陈毅峰.巨须裂腹鱼年龄与生长的初步研究.动物学杂志,2009,44(3):76-82]
[20]Ji Q.The study on the morphology of feeding organs and the feeding habits of six Schizothoracine fishes[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2008[季强.六种裂腹鱼类摄食消化器官形态学与食性的研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2008]
[21]Shao J J,Shi J B,Duo B,et al.Mercury in alpine fish from four rivers in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,39(1):22-28
[22]Guo X Z,Zhang G R,Yan R J,et al.Isolation and characterization of twenty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci in Schizothorax macropogon[J].Conservation Genetics Resources,2014,6(2):483-485
[23]Huo T B,Li L,Wang J L,et al.Length-weight relationships for six fish species from the middle of the Yalu Tsangpo River,China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2015,31(5):956-957
[24]Liu H P,Ye S W,Li Z J.Length-weight relationships of three schizothoracinae fish species from the Niyang River,a branch of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet,China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2016,32(5):982-985
[25]Shao J,Ma B S,Yang X,et al.Length-weight and lengthlength relationships of three endemic fish species from the Yarlung Tsangpo River,China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2016,32(6):1337-1339
[26]Zhu Y X,Chen Y,Cheng Q Q,et al.The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Schizothorax macropogon(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)[J].Mitochondrial DNA,2013,24(3):237-239
[27]Chen Y X,Luo Q S.Embryonic development of Schizothorax Kozlovi in upper reaches of Wujiang River,Sichuan[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,1997,16(4):163-167[陈永祥,罗泉笙.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼的胚胎发育.四川动物,1997,16(4):163-167]
[28]Shi J Q,Qi H F,Yang J X,et al.Fry breeding technology and artificial reproduction of Gymnocypis przewalskii[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2000,30(2):3-6[史建全,祁洪芳,杨建新,等.青海湖裸鲤人工繁殖及鱼苗培育技术的研究.淡水渔业,2000,30(2):3-6]
[29]Wu Q,Wang Q,Cai L M,et al.Development of embryos and post-embryonic larvae in Gymnocypris potanini herzenstin[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2001,23(3):276-279[吴青,王强,蔡礼明,等松潘裸鲤的胚胎发育和胚后仔鱼发育.西南农业大学学报,2001,23(3):276-279]
[30]Wu Q,Wang Q,Cai L M,et al.The embryonic and larval development of Schizothorax prenanti[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2004,19(3):218-221[吴青,王强,蔡礼明,等.齐口裂腹鱼的胚胎发育和仔鱼的早期发育.大连水产学院学报,2004,19(3):218-221]
[31]Leng Y,Xu W Y,Liu Y T,et al.Observation on embryonic development of Schizothorax parvus[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2006,26(1):32-33[冷云,徐伟毅,刘跃天,等.小裂腹鱼胚胎发育的观察.水利渔业,2006,26(1):32-33]
[32]Ren B,Ren M L,Guo Y,et al.Morphological observation of the development of Aspiorhynchus laticeps embryo and larva[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2007,22(6):397-402[任波,任慕莲,郭焱,等.扁吻鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育的形态学观察.大连水产学院学报,2007,22(6):397-402]
[33]Zhang R M,Ma Y W,Tu Er X,et al.Preliminary observation on embryonic and fry up-growth of Aspiorhynchus laticeps(Day)[J].Arid Zone Research,2008,25(2):190-195[张人铭,马燕武,吐尔逊,等.新疆扁吻鱼的胚胎发育和仔鱼发育的初步观察.干旱区研究,2008,25(2):190-195]
[34]Zhang R M,Ma Y W,Tu Er X,et al.Primary observation of the embryonic and larval development of Schizothorax biddulphi[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2007,27(2):27-28[张人铭,马燕武,吐尔逊,等.塔里木裂腹鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的初步观察.水利渔业,2007,27(2):27-28]
[35]Zhou C P.Reproductive biology of Schizopygopsis malacanthus baoxingensis[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University.2007[周翠萍.宝兴裸裂尻鱼的繁殖生物学研究.成都:四川农业大学.2007]
[36]Zhao H T,Chen Y X,Hu S Y,et al.Embryonic development and artificial reproduction of pond culture Schizothorax grahami[C].Abstract assembly of seminar thesis from Chinese Ichthyological Society in 2008.Chinese Ichthyological Society.2008[赵海涛,陈永祥,胡思玉,等.池塘养殖昆明裂腹鱼人工繁殖初报及胚胎发育观察.中国鱼类学会2008学术研讨会论文摘要汇编.中国鱼类学会.2008]
[37]Chen L Q,Wu Q,Zhen S M,et al.Development of embryo and yolk-sac larva of Schizothorax chongi[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(6):927-931[陈礼强,吴青,郑曙明,等.细鳞裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的发育.中国水产科学,2008,15(6):927-931]
[38]Shen Z X,Wang G J,Tang W J,et al.Observation on embryonic development and artificial incubation of Schizopygopsis pylzovi[J].Farming and Animal Husbandry in Qinghai,2009,99(3):37-38[申志新,王国杰,唐文家,等.黄河裸裂尻鱼人工孵化及胚胎发育观察.青海农牧业,2009,99(3):37-38]
[39]Deng S H,Chen X S,Tan Z L,et al.Embryonic development of Schizopygopsis pylzovi and observation in morphological abnormalities with two heads[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(4):97-100[邓思红,陈修松,谭中林,等.黄河裸裂尻鱼胚胎发育和双头鱼形态初步观察.水生态学杂志,2014,35(4):97-100]
[40]Cai L G,Niu J G,Zhang B P,et al.Observation on embryonic and larval development of Schizothorax pseudaksaiensis Herzenstein[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(5):74-78[蔡林钢,牛建功,张北平,等.伊犁裂腹鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的观察.淡水渔业,2011,41(5):74-78]
[41]Zhang L S.The embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax o'connori[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2011,26(3):238-242[张良松.异齿裂腹鱼胚胎发育与仔鱼早期发育的研究.大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(3):238-242]
[42]Xu J,Xie C X,Shao J,et al.Embryonic and larval development of Oxygymnocypris stewartii in the Yarlungzangbo River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(2):86-95[许静,谢从新,邵俭,等.雅鲁藏布江尖裸鲤胚胎和仔稚鱼发育研究.水生态学杂志,2011,32(2):86-95]
[43]Shen An H,Li G H,Zhao S H,et al.Study on embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax lissolabiatus[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2013,34(6):76-79[申安华,李光华,赵树海,等.光唇裂腹鱼胚胎发育与仔鱼早期发育的研究.水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):76-79]
[44]Zhang Y P,Wang T,Jiao W L,et al.Morphology observation of the embryonic development of Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2013,32(3):389-392[张艳萍,王太,焦文龙,等.厚唇裸重唇鱼胚胎发育的形态学观察.四川动物,2013,32(3):389-392]
[45]Wang W L.Study of Cymnocypris chilianensis artificial reproduction technology,embryonic development and the rule of oxygen[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University.2014[王万良.祁连山裸鲤人工繁殖技术、胚胎发育及其耗氧规律的研究.兰州:甘肃农业大学.2014]
[46]Zuo P X,Li G H,Leng Y,et al.Embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax wangchiachii[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2015,36(3):77-82[左鹏翔,李光华,冷云,等.短须裂腹鱼胚胎与仔鱼早期发育特性研究.水生态学杂志,2015,36(3):77-82]
[47]Liu Y,Zhu T B,Wu X B,et al.Observation of embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax wangchiachii[J].Fisheries Science,2015,34(11):683-689[刘阳,朱挺兵,吴兴兵,等.短须裂腹鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育观察.水产科学,2015,34(11):683-689]
[48]Gan W X,Wang H M,Deng L J,et al.The morphological development of embryos and yolk-sac larvae of Schizothorax wangchiachii[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2016,51(2):253-260[甘维熊,王红梅,邓龙君,等.雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育.动物学杂志,2016,51(2):253-260]
[49]Cao W X,Chen Y Y,Wu Y F,et al.Origin and Evolution of Schizothorax and their Relationship with the Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[M].In:The QinghaiTibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Expedition from Chinese Academy of Sciences.Ages,Amplitudes and Form Problems during the Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Beijing:Science Press.1981,118-130[曹文宣,陈宜瑜,武云飞,等.裂腹鱼类的起源和演化及其与青藏高原的隆起关系.见:中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形式问题.北京:科学出版社.1981,118-130]
[50]Zhang Z G,Wang W M.Review of otolith in fish[J].Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University,2001,21(4):77-83[张治国,王卫民.鱼类耳石研究综述.湛江海洋大学学报,2001,21(4):77-83]
[51]Liao Y F,Wang W Y,Zhang L,et al.Distribution of biologically effective solar ultraviolet radiation intensity on the ground in China[J].Geographical Research,2007,26(4):821-827,860[廖永丰,王五一,张莉,等.到达中国陆面的生物有效紫外线辐射强度分布.地理研究,2007,26(4):821-827,860]
[52]Tang An H,He X F.Observation on development of embryos and post-embryonic larvae in Acrossocheilus yunanensis[J].Journal of Southwest Normal University(Natural Sciences),1982,(1):91-99[唐安华,何学福.云南光唇鱼Acrossocheilus yunanensis(Regan)的胚胎和胚后发育的初步观察.西南师范学院学报(自然科学版),1982,(1):91-99]
[53]Xie E Y,Yang Q F,He X F.The embryonic and larval development of Torbrevifilis brevifilis[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2002,26(2):115-121[谢恩义,阳清发,何学福.瓣结鱼的胚胎及幼鱼发育.水产学报,2002,26(2):115-121]
[54]Su M,Lin D J,You Y L.Observations on the embryonic development of Spinibarbus caldwelli[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University(Natural Sciences),2002,18(2):80-84[苏敏,林丹军,尤永隆.黑脊倒刺鲃胚胎发育的观察.福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,18(2):80-84]
[55]Wen X H,Feng H L,Li W W,et al.Observations on the embryonic development of Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Bulletin of Veterinary College of PLA,1991,11(1):70-71[文兴豪,冯怀亮,李文武,等.草鱼早期胚胎发育观察.兽医大学学报,1991,11(1):70-71]
[56]Wu H T,Shi Y Q.Observations on the embryonic development of Aristichthys nobilis[J].Journal of Harbin Normal University(Natural Science),1964:115-126[吳鴻图,施有琦.鳙鱼(Aristi chthys nobilis)的胚胎发育.哈尔滨师范学院学报(自然科学版),1964:115-126]
[57]Chen S L.Observations on the embryonic development of Cyprinus carpio L.[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,1960,(4):165-168[陈少莲.鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.)胚胎发育的观察.动物学杂志,1960,(4):165-168]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |