赣中闽楠天然种群数量特征及分布格局
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摘要
分析种群数量特征和分布格局有利于认识种群的更新、稳定性及演替,可为其经营与保护提供参考依据。本研究以赣中闽楠(Phoebe bournei)天然种群为对象,通过标准地调查获取数据,对种群的径级结构、静态生命表进行分析,运用存活曲线分析种群动态数量特征,采用扩散系数及丛生指数进行种群分布格局分析。结果表明:种群幼苗(D<2 cm)、幼树(2 cm≤D<5 cm)、小树(5 cm≤D<10 cm)、中树(10 cm≤D<20 cm)、大树(20 cm≤D<40 cm)和老树(D≥40 cm)占总株数的比例分别为57.93%、13.14%、12.91%、9.49%、4.96%和1.59%,其径级结构总体上呈倒"J"型;种群在D<2 cm且H>1 m、5 cm≤D<10 cm和60cm≤D<65 cm三个阶段的死亡率均超过了50%,在25 cm≤D<30 cm阶段生命期望值最大(ex=4.50);种群存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,属于增长型且趋于稳定型的种群,对外界干扰敏感度较高;种群分布格局总体上为聚集分布,且随着尺度的增大聚集强度减小,从幼苗—幼树—小树—中树—大树—老树阶段由聚集度高向聚集度低、聚集分布向随机分布方向发展。
Analyzing quantitative characteristics and distribution pattern of population is helpful for understanding population renewal,stability and succession. This study aimed to clarify the structure of natural population of Phoebe bournei in central Jiangxi. With data from field survey,population characteristics were studied based on the survivorship curve and quantitative analysis method. Population distribution pattern was analyzed with the diffusion coefficient and aggregation intensity index. The proportion of seedlings( D<2 cm),saplings( 2 cm≤D<5 cm),small trees( 5 cm≤D<10 cm),medium trees( 10 cm≤D<20 cm),large trees( 20 cm≤D<40 cm) and old trees( D≥40 cm) accounted for 57.93%,13.14%,12.91%,9.49%,4.96% and 1.59% of the total abundance,respectively. The diameter structure of the population as a whole was generally an inverse-J type. The mortality of the population at three stages of D<2 cm and H>1 m,5 cm≤D<10 cm and 60 cm≤D<65 cm all exceeded 50%. The life expectancy was the highest at25 cm≤D<30 cm( ex= 4.50). The survivorship curve of the population was the Deevey-II type,which belonged to the growing and stable population and was more sensitive to external disturbances. The population distribution pattern was generally aggregated,with the aggregation intensity decreasing with scales. From the stages of seedlings,saplings,small trees,medium trees,large trees to old trees,the distribution pattern changed from high aggregation to low aggregation,with the aggregated distribution developing towards a random direction.
Analyzing quantitative characteristics and distribution pattern of population is helpful for understanding population renewal,stability and succession. This study aimed to clarify the structure of natural population of Phoebe bournei in central Jiangxi. With data from field survey,population characteristics were studied based on the survivorship curve and quantitative analysis method. Population distribution pattern was analyzed with the diffusion coefficient and aggregation intensity index. The proportion of seedlings( D<2 cm),saplings( 2 cm≤D<5 cm),small trees( 5 cm≤D<10 cm),medium trees( 10 cm≤D<20 cm),large trees( 20 cm≤D<40 cm) and old trees( D≥40 cm) accounted for 57.93%,13.14%,12.91%,9.49%,4.96% and 1.59% of the total abundance,respectively. The diameter structure of the population as a whole was generally an inverse-J type. The mortality of the population at three stages of D<2 cm and H>1 m,5 cm≤D<10 cm and 60 cm≤D<65 cm all exceeded 50%. The life expectancy was the highest at25 cm≤D<30 cm( ex= 4.50). The survivorship curve of the population was the Deevey-II type,which belonged to the growing and stable population and was more sensitive to external disturbances. The population distribution pattern was generally aggregated,with the aggregation intensity decreasing with scales. From the stages of seedlings,saplings,small trees,medium trees,large trees to old trees,the distribution pattern changed from high aggregation to low aggregation,with the aggregated distribution developing towards a random direction.
引文
白卫国,徐惠玲,吴庆标,等.2017.广西雅长林区铁坚油杉种群结构分布研究.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,41(3):71-76.
丁鑫,肖建华,黄建峰,等.2015.珍贵木材树种楠木的野生资源调查.植物分类与资源学报,37(5):629-639.
范繁荣,潘标志,马祥庆,等.2008.白桂木的种群结构和空间分布格局研究.林业科学研究,21(2):176-181.
胡满,曾思齐,龙时胜,等.2017.青冈栎次生林种群结构及动态特征.中南林业科技大学学报,37(11):110-114.
康华靖,陈子林,刘鹏,等.2007.大盘山自然保护区香果树种群结构与分布格局.生态学报,27(1):389-396.
康佳鹏,马盈盈,马淑琴,等.2019.荒漠绿洲过渡带柽柳种群结构与空间格局动态.生态学报,39(1):1-11.
李金昕,吴定军,章世鹏,等.2016.四川米仓山自然保护区台湾水青冈种群生命表及动态分析.植物研究,36(1):68-74.
李雪云,潘萍,欧阳勋志,等.2018.闽楠天然次生林幼树幼苗更新特征及空间分布格局.东北林业大学学报,46(9):11-15.
李雪云,潘萍,臧颢,等.2017.闽楠天然次生林自然更新的影响因子研究.林业科学研究,30(5):701-708.
李雪云.2017.闽楠天然次生林植物多样性及其自然更新研究(硕士学位论文).南昌:江西农业大学.
刘宝,陈存及,陈世品,等.2006.闽楠群落优势种群结构与空间分布格局.福建林学院学报,26(3):210-213.
刘贵峰,刘玉平,程伟燕,等.2016.大青沟自然保护区主要森林群落优势种的种群分布格局.生态学杂志,35(8):2082-2087.
马旭东,区余端,刘刚,等.2010.粤北常绿阔叶林乔木优势种群结构与格局动态.华南农业大学学报,31(2):72-77.
谭一波,詹潮安,肖泽鑫,等.2010.广东南澳岛中华楠种群结构及动态特征.生态学杂志,29(10):1901-1906.
王通,吴大荣,徐建民,等.2000.车八岭闽楠种群的现状及保护对策.华南农业大学学报,21(1):72-74.
吴大荣,王伯荪.2001.濒危树种闽楠种子和幼苗生态学研究.生态学报,21(11):1751-1760.
吴大荣,朱政德.2003.福建省罗卜岩自然保护区闽楠种群结构和空间分布格局初步研究.林业科学,39(1):23-30.
吴大荣.1997.福建省罗卜岩自然保护区闽楠种群种子雨研究.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,21(1):56-60.
吴显坤,谢春平,汤庚国,等.2015.祁门浙江楠种群结构与数量动态研究.四川农业大学学报,33(3):258-264.
吴月淼,于鹏宇,周明芹,等.2017.咸丰县楠木种群结构及其群落特征研究.湖北林业科技,46(1):38-43.
吴载璋,陈绍栓.2004.光照条件对楠木人工林生长的影响.福建林学院学报,24(4):371-373.
游晓庆,潘萍,彭诗涛,等.2017.闽楠天然次生林树种间联结性分析.安徽农业大学学报,44(4):630-635.
游晓庆,彭诗涛,郭孝玉,等.2016.闽楠天然次生林林分空间结构研究.江西农业大学学报,38(4):660-667.
于大炮,周莉,董百丽,等.2004.长白山北坡岳桦种群结构及动态分析.生态学杂志,23(5):30-34.
臧敏,邱筱兰,刘志龙,等.2017.江西三清山浙江楠种群结构与分布格局分析.安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,40(5):469-472.
张婕,上官铁梁,段毅豪,等.2014.灵空山辽东栎种群年龄结构与动态.应用生态学报,25(11):3125-3130.
张晓晨,赵洋,熊中人,等.2018.宝华山青冈种群年龄结构及点格局分析.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,42(6):77-83.
张笑菁,赵秀海,康峰峰,等.2010.太岳山油松天然林林木的空间格局.生态学报,30(18):4824-4827.
赵阳,齐瑞,焦健,等.2018.尕海-则岔地区紫果云杉种群结构与动态特征.生态学报,38(20):7447-7457.
朱宏光,杨柳,温远光,等.2015.广西大明山刨花润楠种群结构及其分布格局研究.广东农业科学,42(12):147-151.
邹惠渝,吴大荣.1997.闽楠种群生态学.北京:中国林业出版社.
Cousens RD,Wiegand T,Taghizadeh MS.2008.Small-scale spatial structure within patterns of seed dispersal.Oecologia,158:437-448.
Erfanifard Y,Sheikholeslami N.2017.Competitive interactions of Persian oak coppice trees(Quercus brantii var.persica)in a pure dry woodland revealed through point pattern analysis.Folia Geobotanica,52:113-127.
Frost I,Rydin H.2000.Spatial pattern and size distribution of the animal-dispersed tree Quercus robur in two spruce-dominated forests.Ecoscience,7:38-44.
Gairola S,Rawal RS,Todaria NP,et al.2014.Population structure and regeneration patterns of tree species in climate-sensitive subalpine forests of Indian western Himalaya.Journal of Forestry Research,25:343-349.
Hett JM,Loucks OL.1976.Age structure models of balsam fir and eastern hemlock.Journal of Ecology,64:1029-1044.
Lee K,Kim S,Shin Y,et al.2012.Spatial pattern and association of tree species in a mixed Abies holophylla-broadleaved deciduous forest in Odaesan National Park.Journal of Plant Biology,55:242-250.
Omelko A,Ukhvatkina O,Zhmerenetsky A,et al.2018.From young to adult trees:How spatial patterns of plants with different life strategies change during age development in an old-growth Korean pine-broadleaved forest.Forest Ecology and Management,411:46-66.
Phillips DL,Macmahon JA.1981.Competition and spacing patterns in desert shrubs.Journal of Ecology,69:97-115.
Rozas V.2006.Structural heterogeneity and tree spatial patterns in an old-growth deciduous lowland forest in Cantabria,northern Spain.Plant Ecology,185:57-72.
Szmyt J,Tarasiuk S.2018.Species-specific spatial structure,species coexistence and mortality pattern in natural,uneven-aged Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)-dominated forest.European Journal of Forest Research,137:1-16.
Wu JX,Zhang XM,Deng CZ,et al.2010.Characteristics and dynamics analysis of Populus euphratica populations in the middle reaches of Tarim river.Journal of Arid Land,2:250-256.
丁鑫,肖建华,黄建峰,等.2015.珍贵木材树种楠木的野生资源调查.植物分类与资源学报,37(5):629-639.
范繁荣,潘标志,马祥庆,等.2008.白桂木的种群结构和空间分布格局研究.林业科学研究,21(2):176-181.
胡满,曾思齐,龙时胜,等.2017.青冈栎次生林种群结构及动态特征.中南林业科技大学学报,37(11):110-114.
康华靖,陈子林,刘鹏,等.2007.大盘山自然保护区香果树种群结构与分布格局.生态学报,27(1):389-396.
康佳鹏,马盈盈,马淑琴,等.2019.荒漠绿洲过渡带柽柳种群结构与空间格局动态.生态学报,39(1):1-11.
李金昕,吴定军,章世鹏,等.2016.四川米仓山自然保护区台湾水青冈种群生命表及动态分析.植物研究,36(1):68-74.
李雪云,潘萍,欧阳勋志,等.2018.闽楠天然次生林幼树幼苗更新特征及空间分布格局.东北林业大学学报,46(9):11-15.
李雪云,潘萍,臧颢,等.2017.闽楠天然次生林自然更新的影响因子研究.林业科学研究,30(5):701-708.
李雪云.2017.闽楠天然次生林植物多样性及其自然更新研究(硕士学位论文).南昌:江西农业大学.
刘宝,陈存及,陈世品,等.2006.闽楠群落优势种群结构与空间分布格局.福建林学院学报,26(3):210-213.
刘贵峰,刘玉平,程伟燕,等.2016.大青沟自然保护区主要森林群落优势种的种群分布格局.生态学杂志,35(8):2082-2087.
马旭东,区余端,刘刚,等.2010.粤北常绿阔叶林乔木优势种群结构与格局动态.华南农业大学学报,31(2):72-77.
谭一波,詹潮安,肖泽鑫,等.2010.广东南澳岛中华楠种群结构及动态特征.生态学杂志,29(10):1901-1906.
王通,吴大荣,徐建民,等.2000.车八岭闽楠种群的现状及保护对策.华南农业大学学报,21(1):72-74.
吴大荣,王伯荪.2001.濒危树种闽楠种子和幼苗生态学研究.生态学报,21(11):1751-1760.
吴大荣,朱政德.2003.福建省罗卜岩自然保护区闽楠种群结构和空间分布格局初步研究.林业科学,39(1):23-30.
吴大荣.1997.福建省罗卜岩自然保护区闽楠种群种子雨研究.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,21(1):56-60.
吴显坤,谢春平,汤庚国,等.2015.祁门浙江楠种群结构与数量动态研究.四川农业大学学报,33(3):258-264.
吴月淼,于鹏宇,周明芹,等.2017.咸丰县楠木种群结构及其群落特征研究.湖北林业科技,46(1):38-43.
吴载璋,陈绍栓.2004.光照条件对楠木人工林生长的影响.福建林学院学报,24(4):371-373.
游晓庆,潘萍,彭诗涛,等.2017.闽楠天然次生林树种间联结性分析.安徽农业大学学报,44(4):630-635.
游晓庆,彭诗涛,郭孝玉,等.2016.闽楠天然次生林林分空间结构研究.江西农业大学学报,38(4):660-667.
于大炮,周莉,董百丽,等.2004.长白山北坡岳桦种群结构及动态分析.生态学杂志,23(5):30-34.
臧敏,邱筱兰,刘志龙,等.2017.江西三清山浙江楠种群结构与分布格局分析.安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,40(5):469-472.
张婕,上官铁梁,段毅豪,等.2014.灵空山辽东栎种群年龄结构与动态.应用生态学报,25(11):3125-3130.
张晓晨,赵洋,熊中人,等.2018.宝华山青冈种群年龄结构及点格局分析.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,42(6):77-83.
张笑菁,赵秀海,康峰峰,等.2010.太岳山油松天然林林木的空间格局.生态学报,30(18):4824-4827.
赵阳,齐瑞,焦健,等.2018.尕海-则岔地区紫果云杉种群结构与动态特征.生态学报,38(20):7447-7457.
朱宏光,杨柳,温远光,等.2015.广西大明山刨花润楠种群结构及其分布格局研究.广东农业科学,42(12):147-151.
邹惠渝,吴大荣.1997.闽楠种群生态学.北京:中国林业出版社.
Cousens RD,Wiegand T,Taghizadeh MS.2008.Small-scale spatial structure within patterns of seed dispersal.Oecologia,158:437-448.
Erfanifard Y,Sheikholeslami N.2017.Competitive interactions of Persian oak coppice trees(Quercus brantii var.persica)in a pure dry woodland revealed through point pattern analysis.Folia Geobotanica,52:113-127.
Frost I,Rydin H.2000.Spatial pattern and size distribution of the animal-dispersed tree Quercus robur in two spruce-dominated forests.Ecoscience,7:38-44.
Gairola S,Rawal RS,Todaria NP,et al.2014.Population structure and regeneration patterns of tree species in climate-sensitive subalpine forests of Indian western Himalaya.Journal of Forestry Research,25:343-349.
Hett JM,Loucks OL.1976.Age structure models of balsam fir and eastern hemlock.Journal of Ecology,64:1029-1044.
Lee K,Kim S,Shin Y,et al.2012.Spatial pattern and association of tree species in a mixed Abies holophylla-broadleaved deciduous forest in Odaesan National Park.Journal of Plant Biology,55:242-250.
Omelko A,Ukhvatkina O,Zhmerenetsky A,et al.2018.From young to adult trees:How spatial patterns of plants with different life strategies change during age development in an old-growth Korean pine-broadleaved forest.Forest Ecology and Management,411:46-66.
Phillips DL,Macmahon JA.1981.Competition and spacing patterns in desert shrubs.Journal of Ecology,69:97-115.
Rozas V.2006.Structural heterogeneity and tree spatial patterns in an old-growth deciduous lowland forest in Cantabria,northern Spain.Plant Ecology,185:57-72.
Szmyt J,Tarasiuk S.2018.Species-specific spatial structure,species coexistence and mortality pattern in natural,uneven-aged Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)-dominated forest.European Journal of Forest Research,137:1-16.
Wu JX,Zhang XM,Deng CZ,et al.2010.Characteristics and dynamics analysis of Populus euphratica populations in the middle reaches of Tarim river.Journal of Arid Land,2:250-256.