宜昌运河公园多塘型城市绿地水质水量调控效果及运行研究
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摘要
对建成运行多年的宜昌运河公园中的多塘进行了监测,分析了它的水量水质的调控效果并结合现场观察和访谈总结了公园管理运行中的经验。主要结论有:1)多塘通过蓄滞和释放达到削减洪峰和延迟洪峰的效果,串联形式的多塘形成了多级的调蓄作用。2)多塘对高浓度污染物有较好的削减作用,污染物浓度较低时削减作用不明显;从沿程去除效果来看,多塘前半部分污染物去除率高,后半部分去除率低或为负;在停止运行状态下,蓄积在塘中的水体24 h后污染物含量会增加。3)公园经过长时间的运行和使用,最初的设计目标出现了简化、丢失和改变的情况,但这也使景观变得丰富和多样。
Urban green space plays an increasingly important role in urban runoff management and ecological restoration. This paper monitored the multi-pond in the Yichang Canal Park that have been built for many years, and analyzed the performance of its water quality and water quantity control. It also combined field observation and interview to summarize the experience of park management operation. The main conclusions are as follows:1) The multi-pond achieved the effect of reducing and delaying flood peak through storage and release, while the multi-pond formed a multi-level regulating effect. 2) The multi-pond had a good performance on high-concentration pollutants in water bodies. When the concentration of pollutants was low, the removal effect wasn′t obvious. From the removal effect along the path, the removal efficiency of pollutants in the first half of the pond was high, but the removal efficiency in the second half was low or negative. In the stopped state, the amount of pollutants will increase after 24 hours of water accumulation in the pond. 3) The landscape had been enriched by the participation of many people and the continuous operation in many years, even though some design goals were simplified, lost, or changed.
Urban green space plays an increasingly important role in urban runoff management and ecological restoration. This paper monitored the multi-pond in the Yichang Canal Park that have been built for many years, and analyzed the performance of its water quality and water quantity control. It also combined field observation and interview to summarize the experience of park management operation. The main conclusions are as follows:1) The multi-pond achieved the effect of reducing and delaying flood peak through storage and release, while the multi-pond formed a multi-level regulating effect. 2) The multi-pond had a good performance on high-concentration pollutants in water bodies. When the concentration of pollutants was low, the removal effect wasn′t obvious. From the removal effect along the path, the removal efficiency of pollutants in the first half of the pond was high, but the removal efficiency in the second half was low or negative. In the stopped state, the amount of pollutants will increase after 24 hours of water accumulation in the pond. 3) The landscape had been enriched by the participation of many people and the continuous operation in many years, even though some design goals were simplified, lost, or changed.
引文
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[21] 俞孔坚.生态修复:一场改善中国城市和实现美丽中国梦的“运动”.景观设计学,2017,5:5,4-9.
[22] 雷维群,徐姗,周勇,韦波,朱里莹.“城市双修”的理论阐释与实践探索.城市发展研究,2018,25(11):C32-C36.
[23] 陆利杰,张亮,李亚.海绵城市绩效考核评价体系初探——以深圳市为例//共享与品质——2018中国城市规划年会论文集(08城市生态规划).杭州:中国城市规划学会,杭州市人民政府,2018:8.
[24] 宫永伟,刘超,李俊奇,柴宏祥,任心欣,车伍,陈世杰,王琦.海绵城市建设主要目标的验收考核办法探讨.中国给水排水,2015,31(21):114- 117.
[25] 万玉文,郭长强,茆智,李新建,崔远来,赵树君.多级串联表面流人工湿地净化生活污水效果.农业工程学报,2016,32(3):220- 227.
[26] 唐娜,张强,黄玉明.潜流人工湿地中有机物的去除.西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,34(3):71- 74.
[27] 魏泽军,张欢欢,赵孝梨,黄玉明.进水污染负荷对砾石人工湿地运行效果影响研究.西南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(9):102- 106.
[28] 李家科,高志新,汪琴琴,李亚娇,沈冰.不同水深下多级串联人工湿地对城市地面径流的净化效果.水土保持学报,2014,28(3):125- 133.
[2] 俞孔坚,李迪华,袁弘,傅微,乔青,王思思.“海绵城市”理论与实践.城市规划,2015,39(6):26- 36.
[3] 俞孔坚.水生态基础设施构建关键技术.中国水利,2015,(22):1- 4.
[4] 约翰·兰斯.中国生态基础设施建设与思考.王颖,译.景观设计学,2016,4(5):46- 53.
[5] 盖伦·纽曼,金埈铉,菲尔·伯克,杰里米·梅里尔,王洋镝,李秋硕.从闲置土地到生态基础设施——休斯顿市曼彻斯特街区弹性设计方案.王颖,译.景观设计学,2016,4(5):68- 83.
[6] 俞孔坚,王欣,林双盈.城市设计需要一场“大脚革命”——三亚的城市“双修”实践.城乡建设,2016,(9):56- 59.
[7] 赵庆俊,丛海兵,汪智霞,唐中亚,蒋新跃,王一鸣.高渗透下凹绿地对城市降雨径流的削减作用研究.水利水电技术,2018,49(9):41- 48.
[8] 吴若静,谢三桃.多塘系统在巢湖山丘区面源污染控制中的应用.水利规划与设计,2016,(3):18- 21.
[9] 陈晨.人工湿地技术在污水处理与水环境保护中的应用.绿色环保建材,2018,(10):216- 216,218- 218.
[10] 刘俊红.三种类型人工湿地对富营养化水体的净化效果比较.北方园艺,2018,(19):116- 124.
[11] Wang M,Zhang D Q,Dong J W,Tan S K.Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in cold climate-a review.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,57:293- 311.
[12] Ehler C,Douvere F.Marine spatial planning:a step-by-step approach toward ecosystem-based management.UNESCO IOC,2009,71- 80.https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/marine-spatial-planning-step-step-approach-toward-ecosystem-based-management,2018.12.02.
[13] 白晓慧,王宝贞,余敏,聂梅生.人工湿地污水处理技术及其发展应用.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(6):88- 92.
[14] 李明翰,布鲁斯·德沃夏克,罗毅,马特·鲍姆加登.景观绩效:湿地治理系统和自然化景观的量化效益与经验总结.苏博,译.景观设计学,2013,1(4):56- 68.
[15] 塔纳尔·奥兹迪尔,迪伦·斯图瓦特,冯艺佳,任维.风景园林设计项目的经济绩效评估德克萨斯州案例研究的经验与教训.冯艺佳,任维,译.风景园林,2015,(1):70- 86.
[16] Seattle Public Utilities,Restore Our Waters.Thornton creek water quality channel final report.2009.10.28.http://59.80.44.48/www.seattle.gov/util/cs/groups/public/documents/webcontent/spu01_006146.pdf,2018.12.02.
[17] Chesapeake Bay Program.2019.www.chesapeakebay.net,2018.12.02.
[18] Sheppard C.World Seas:An Environmental Evaluation.Volume I:Europe,the Americas and West Africa.2nd ed.Amsterdam:Academic Press,2019:379- 404.
[19] 袁再健,梁晨,李定强.中国海绵城市研究进展与展望.生态环境学报,2017,26(5):896- 901.
[20] 佟庆远.海绵城市相关研究的回顾与展望.建设科技,2019,3:22-27.
[21] 俞孔坚.生态修复:一场改善中国城市和实现美丽中国梦的“运动”.景观设计学,2017,5:5,4-9.
[22] 雷维群,徐姗,周勇,韦波,朱里莹.“城市双修”的理论阐释与实践探索.城市发展研究,2018,25(11):C32-C36.
[23] 陆利杰,张亮,李亚.海绵城市绩效考核评价体系初探——以深圳市为例//共享与品质——2018中国城市规划年会论文集(08城市生态规划).杭州:中国城市规划学会,杭州市人民政府,2018:8.
[24] 宫永伟,刘超,李俊奇,柴宏祥,任心欣,车伍,陈世杰,王琦.海绵城市建设主要目标的验收考核办法探讨.中国给水排水,2015,31(21):114- 117.
[25] 万玉文,郭长强,茆智,李新建,崔远来,赵树君.多级串联表面流人工湿地净化生活污水效果.农业工程学报,2016,32(3):220- 227.
[26] 唐娜,张强,黄玉明.潜流人工湿地中有机物的去除.西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,34(3):71- 74.
[27] 魏泽军,张欢欢,赵孝梨,黄玉明.进水污染负荷对砾石人工湿地运行效果影响研究.西南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(9):102- 106.
[28] 李家科,高志新,汪琴琴,李亚娇,沈冰.不同水深下多级串联人工湿地对城市地面径流的净化效果.水土保持学报,2014,28(3):125- 133.