降雨侵蚀过程中红壤坡耕地地表汇流网络特征
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摘要
为研究降雨侵蚀过程中南方红壤区坡耕地地表汇流网络特征,应用亚毫米级高精度激光扫描和计算机数字图像处理相结合的方法在野外原位研究了南方几个典型母质发育的红壤模拟降雨条件下坡面汇流网络特征变化过程。结果表明:(1)在降雨侵蚀过程中,汇流密度和径流频度整体呈增加趋势,尤其是在第一场降雨过程中最为明显;(2)在第二、三场降雨侵蚀过程中的变化趋势因土壤性质和雨强的不同而出现差异;(3)在坡面侵蚀研究中,分形维数Ds可以较好的区别降雨前后整体汇流网络特征的变化。研究结果对南方红壤区坡耕地降雨侵蚀过程模拟与预测模型的研究、水土流失防治与水土保持规划设计具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。
In order to measure the features of surface flow networks on red soil sloping farmland under rainfall simulation,the submillimeter level high precision laser scanning and the computer digital image processing methods were used for the in-situ measurement of the surface flow networks on the red soil sloping farmland which weathered from several typical parent materials in the southern China.The results showed that:(1)flow density and runoff frequency increased with the rainfall duration,especially in the first rainfall event;(2)in the second and third rainfall events,the differences of flow density and runoff frequency varied for the different soil properties and rainfall intensity;(3)in the study of slope erosion,the fractal dimension Dswere beneficial in distinguishing the variation of the overall network characteristics before and after rainfall.The results of this study provided the advice on the soil and water conservation of red soil sloping farmland in southern China.
In order to measure the features of surface flow networks on red soil sloping farmland under rainfall simulation,the submillimeter level high precision laser scanning and the computer digital image processing methods were used for the in-situ measurement of the surface flow networks on the red soil sloping farmland which weathered from several typical parent materials in the southern China.The results showed that:(1)flow density and runoff frequency increased with the rainfall duration,especially in the first rainfall event;(2)in the second and third rainfall events,the differences of flow density and runoff frequency varied for the different soil properties and rainfall intensity;(3)in the study of slope erosion,the fractal dimension Dswere beneficial in distinguishing the variation of the overall network characteristics before and after rainfall.The results of this study provided the advice on the soil and water conservation of red soil sloping farmland in southern China.
引文
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[2] Morgan R P C,Quinton J N,Smith R E,et al.The european soil erosion model(EUROSEM):A dynamic approach for predicting sediment transport from fields and small catchments[J].Earth Surface Processes&Landforms,1998,23(6):527-544.
[3] Gómez J A,Darboux F,Nearing M A.Development and evolution of rill networks under simulated rainfall[J].Water Resources Research,2003,39(6):93-94.
[4] Foster G R,Meyer L D,Onstad C A.An erosion equation derived from basic erosion principles[J].Transactions of the Asae,1977,20(4):678-682.
[5] Rose C W,Williams J R,Sander G C,et al.A mathematical model of soil erosion and deposition processes:I.theory for a plane land element1[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.,1983,47(5):991-995.
[6] Nearing M A.A process-based soil erosion model for USDA-water erosion prediction project technology[J].Trans Asae,1989,32(5):1587-1593.
[7] Zhang W,Cundy T W.Modeling of two‐dimensional overland flow[J].Water Resources Research,2010,25(9):2019-2035.
[8] Wilson B N.Small-scale link characteristics and applications to erosion modeling[J].Trans.Asae.,1993,36(6):1671-1770.
[9]Wilson B N,Storm D E.Fractal analysis of surface drainage networks for small upland areas[J].Trans.Asae.,1993,36(5):1319-1326.
[10]朱良君,张光辉.地表微地形测量及定量化方法研究综述[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(5):114-122.
[11]张利超,杨伟,李朝霞,等.激光微地貌扫描仪测定侵蚀过程中地表糙度[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):155-162.
[12] Luk S H,Abrahams A D,Parsons A J.A simple rainfall simulator and trickle system for hydro-geomorphic experiment[J].Physical Geography,1986,7(4):344-356.
[13]马仁明,蔡崇法,李朝霞,等.前期土壤含水率对红壤团聚体稳定性及溅蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):95-103.
[14] Darboux F,Huang C.An instantaneous-profile laser scanner to measure soil surface microtopography[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(1):92-99.
[15]高树静,赵龙山,梁心蓝,等.人工降雨条件下坡耕地地表糙度的时空变异分布研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):12-16,249.
[16]李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[17]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析试验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:429-437.
[18] Strahler A N.Hypsometric(area-altitude)analysis of erosional topography[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,1952,63(11):1117-1141.
[19] Tarboton D G,Bras R L,Rodriguez-Iturbe I.The fractal nature of river networks[J].Water Resources Research,1988,24(8):1317-1322.
[20] Helming K,R9mkens M J M,Prasad S N,et al.Erosional development of small scale drainage networks[J].Process Modelling and Landform Evolution,1999,78:123-145.
[21] Rinaldo A,Rodriguez-Iturbe I,Rigon R,et al.minimum energy and fractal structures of drainage networks[J].Water Resources Research,1992,28(9):2183-2195.
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