某钢铁厂土壤中多环芳烃污染评价与风险评估
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摘要
在某钢铁厂搬迁后的主厂区设置了191个采样孔,对0～5 m土壤进行分层(5层)采样,分析土壤中多环芳烃化合物(PAHs)浓度,研究了苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘5种PAHs浓度的分层变化,采用内梅罗指数(P)对土壤污染程度进行评价,并通过RBCA Version 2. 5模型对土壤致癌风险进行评估。结果表明:土壤第1层、第2层和第3层的5种PAHs浓度均值高于DB11/T 811—2011《场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值》中居住用地的筛选值;除第4层苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽和第5层二苯并(a,h)蒽外,其他污染物的平均浓度低于居住用地的筛选值;反映土壤中PAHs污染程度的内梅罗指数自第1层向下逐渐降低,苯并(a)蒽的P从69. 75降至1. 99,苯并(b)荧蒽的P从84. 75降至3. 12,苯并(a)芘的P从163. 75降至5. 68,茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘的P从111. 92降至0. 91,二苯并(a,h)蒽的P从393. 20降至3. 21,表明土壤中PAHs污染程度逐渐下降; 5种污染物中,苯并(a)芘的单一污染物致癌风险贡献率最高,可达56. 11%,暴露途径主要为经口摄入;该厂区须经治理达到要求后方可作为居住用地。
After the relocation of a steel plant, 191 sampling holes were set in the main plant, using the layering( 5 layers) sampling of 0-5 m soil, the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds( PAHs) in soil was analyzed. The stratification of the concentration of five PAHs pollutants including benzo( a) anthracene, benzo( b) fluoranthene, benzo( a) pyrene, dibenzo( a,h) anthracene and indene( 1,2,3-cd) pyrene was studied, the Nemerow index( P) used to evaluate the degree of pollution, and the RBCA Version 2. 5 model applied to assess cancer risk. The results showed that the average concentration of the five pollutants in the first, second and the third layers of the soil was higher than the screening value of the residential land in the Site Soil Environmental Risk Assessment Screening Value( DB11/T 811-2011). The average concentrations of other pollutants were lower than the screening values of residential land except for benzo( b) fluoranthene, benzo( a) pyrene and dibenzo( a, h)anthracene in the fourth layer, dibenzo( a, h) anthracene in the fifth layer. The Nemerow index( P) which reflected the pollution of soil PAHs gradually decreased from the topsoil, with P of benzo( a) anthracene falling from 69. 75 to 1. 99, P of benzo( b) fluoranthene decreasing from 84. 75 to 3. 12, P of benzo( a) pyrene dropping from 163. 75 to 5. 68, P of indene( 1,2,3-cd) pyrene decreasing from 111. 92 to 0. 91, P of dibenzo( a,h) anthracene decreased from 393. 20 to 3. 21, which indicated that the degree of soil PAHs pollution was gradually decreasing.Among the five PAH compounds, benzo( a) pyrene as single pollutant contributed the highest to carcinogenic risk,being up to 56. 11%, with the main exposure pathway of oral intake. This factory area must be treated and meet administrative standard before using as residential land.
After the relocation of a steel plant, 191 sampling holes were set in the main plant, using the layering( 5 layers) sampling of 0-5 m soil, the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds( PAHs) in soil was analyzed. The stratification of the concentration of five PAHs pollutants including benzo( a) anthracene, benzo( b) fluoranthene, benzo( a) pyrene, dibenzo( a,h) anthracene and indene( 1,2,3-cd) pyrene was studied, the Nemerow index( P) used to evaluate the degree of pollution, and the RBCA Version 2. 5 model applied to assess cancer risk. The results showed that the average concentration of the five pollutants in the first, second and the third layers of the soil was higher than the screening value of the residential land in the Site Soil Environmental Risk Assessment Screening Value( DB11/T 811-2011). The average concentrations of other pollutants were lower than the screening values of residential land except for benzo( b) fluoranthene, benzo( a) pyrene and dibenzo( a, h)anthracene in the fourth layer, dibenzo( a, h) anthracene in the fifth layer. The Nemerow index( P) which reflected the pollution of soil PAHs gradually decreased from the topsoil, with P of benzo( a) anthracene falling from 69. 75 to 1. 99, P of benzo( b) fluoranthene decreasing from 84. 75 to 3. 12, P of benzo( a) pyrene dropping from 163. 75 to 5. 68, P of indene( 1,2,3-cd) pyrene decreasing from 111. 92 to 0. 91, P of dibenzo( a,h) anthracene decreased from 393. 20 to 3. 21, which indicated that the degree of soil PAHs pollution was gradually decreasing.Among the five PAH compounds, benzo( a) pyrene as single pollutant contributed the highest to carcinogenic risk,being up to 56. 11%, with the main exposure pathway of oral intake. This factory area must be treated and meet administrative standard before using as residential land.
引文
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[11]齐晓宝,黄沈发,沙晨燕.钢铁工业区下风向土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及源解析[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(5):927-934.QI X B,HUANG S F,SHA C Y.Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil of the steel industrial downwind area[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(5):927-934.
[12]钟宇驰.城市周边工业区土壤多环芳烃源汇机制及修复技术[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[13]潘峰,耿秋娟,楚红杰.石油污染土壤中多环芳烃分析及生态风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(5):42-47.PAN F,GENG Q J,CHU H J.Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum contaminated soils and its ecological risk assessment[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2011,27(5):42-47.
[14]北京市环境保护局.场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值:DB11/T811-2011[S/OL].(2013-03-11)[2019-01-18].http://zfxxgk.beijing.gov.cn/110029/dfhjbhbz23/2013-03/11/content_285879.shtml.
[15]尤立,李曜,胡春明.成都市文家场土壤重金属污染分析[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(31):65-69.YOU L,LI Y,HU C M.Analysis of the heavy metals in soil of Wenjiachang,Chengdu[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(31):65-69.
[16]生态环境部.土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 36600-2018[S/OL].(2018-08-01)[2019-01-18].http://kjs.mee.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/trhj/trhjzlbz/201807/W020180705497768779672.pdf.
[2]MA L L,CHU S G,WANG X T,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface soils from outskirts of Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,2005,58(10):1355-1363.
[3]麦麦提·斯马义,帕丽达·牙合甫,努尔比亚·藿加吾买尔.乌鲁木齐市周边地区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及来源[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1166-1171.MAIMAITI S M Y,PALIDA Y H F,NUERBIYA H J W M E.Contents and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around Urumqi City[J].Soil,2016,48(6):1166-1171.
[4]张梦梦,王万峰,马福俊,等.水泥和活性炭对多环芳烃污染土壤固化稳定化效果的影响[J].环境工程技术学报,2017,7(1):59-64.ZHANG M M,WANG W F,MA F J,et al.Effect of cement and activated carbon on solidification stabilization of PAHs contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2017,7(1):59-64.
[5]冯岸红,朱智成,陈社军.寿光土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(9):1607-1614.FENG A H,ZHU Z C,CHEN S J.Spatial distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of Shouguang City,North China[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(9):1607-1614.
[6]李嘉康,宋雪英,魏建兵.沈北新区土壤中多环芳烃潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(12):2462-2470.LI J K,SONG X Y,WEI J B.Potential risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of Shenyang North New Area,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(12):2462-2470.
[7]勾立争,刘长波,刘诗诚.热脱附法修复多环芳烃和汞复合污染土壤实验研究[J].环境工程,2018,36(2):184-187.GOU L Z,LIU C B,LIU S C.Experimental research on thermal desorption to repair soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsmercury compound contamination[J].Environmental Engineering,2018,36(2):184-187.
[8]倪妮,宋洋,王芳.多环芳烃污染土壤生物联合强化修复研究进展[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):561-571.NI N,SONG Y,WANG F.A review of researches on intensified bio-remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(3):561-571.
[9]潘栋宇,侯梅芳,刘超男.多环芳烃污染土壤化学修复技术的研究进展[J].安全与环境工程,2018,25(3):54-66.PAN D Y,HOU M F,LIU C N.Review of chemical remediation technology of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2018,25(3):54-66.
[10]张俊叶,俞菲,俞元春.中国主要地区表层土壤多环芳烃含量及来源解析[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(6):1059-1067.ZHANG J Y,YU F,YU Y C.Content and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in major areas of China[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,2017,26(6):1059-1067.
[11]齐晓宝,黄沈发,沙晨燕.钢铁工业区下风向土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及源解析[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(5):927-934.QI X B,HUANG S F,SHA C Y.Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil of the steel industrial downwind area[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(5):927-934.
[12]钟宇驰.城市周边工业区土壤多环芳烃源汇机制及修复技术[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[13]潘峰,耿秋娟,楚红杰.石油污染土壤中多环芳烃分析及生态风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(5):42-47.PAN F,GENG Q J,CHU H J.Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum contaminated soils and its ecological risk assessment[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2011,27(5):42-47.
[14]北京市环境保护局.场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值:DB11/T811-2011[S/OL].(2013-03-11)[2019-01-18].http://zfxxgk.beijing.gov.cn/110029/dfhjbhbz23/2013-03/11/content_285879.shtml.
[15]尤立,李曜,胡春明.成都市文家场土壤重金属污染分析[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(31):65-69.YOU L,LI Y,HU C M.Analysis of the heavy metals in soil of Wenjiachang,Chengdu[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(31):65-69.
[16]生态环境部.土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 36600-2018[S/OL].(2018-08-01)[2019-01-18].http://kjs.mee.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/trhj/trhjzlbz/201807/W020180705497768779672.pdf.
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