新疆玛纳斯河中上游低山荒漠种子植物区系特征
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摘要
通过对新疆玛纳斯河中上游低山荒漠实地考察和植物标本的收集与鉴定,发现该区共有种子植物44科174属294种,其中裸子植物1种,被子植物43科173属293种。科的组成中,单种科与寡种科(2～10种)共有38科,是科组成的主体;较大科(21～50种)和中型科(11～20种)合计仅有6科,但所含种数占62.93%,是该区系的主体;优势科主要有菊科(Compositae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、十字花科(Cruciferae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和豆科(Leguminosae)等。属的组成中,较大属(11～20种)仅有猪毛菜属(Salsola)和黄耆属(Astragalus),为该区的优势属;寡种属(2～6种)和单种属共有172属269种,分别占总属数和总种数的98.85%和91.50%,是该区系的主体成分。生活型以草本(254种)为主,其中一、二年生草本有139种(含短命植物66种),多年生草本有110种(含类短命植物11种),寄生植物5种,灌木26种、半灌木12种、乔木2种。生态型以中生植物(198种)为主,占67.35%,但旱生植物多为该区的优势属种。植物区系地理成分较复杂,在属级水平上有8个分布区类型和11个变型,以温带分布及其变型(75属,占51.73%)为主;并与地中海、西亚至中亚分布及其变型(42属,占28.97%)联系紧密。
Through a field survey of low mountain deserts in the upper reaches of the Manas River in Xinjiang,it was found that there were 294 species of seed plants belonging to 174 genera in 44 families,including one gymnosperm species,43 angiosperm families,and 173 angiosperm genera,in 293 species.Among the families,there are 38 single-species or oligospecies(2～10 species) families(86.37%),and six larger(21～50 species) and medium-sized families(11～20 species).The number of species is 62.93% of the total,which is the main body of the flora;the dominant families are mainly Compositae,Chenopodiaceae,Cruciferae,Gramineae,and Leguminosae.Among the genera,Salsola and Astragalus,represented only by 11～20 species,are the dominant genera in this area.There are 269 species of 172 genera in two to six species and single genera families,accounting for 98.85% and 91.50% of the total genera and species,respectively,which are the main components of the floristic characteristics.Life style is based on herbs(254 species),containing 139 species(including 66 species of short-lived plants) of herbs from 1～ 2 years old,followed by 110 species of perennial herbs(including 11 species of short-lived plants).Among them,there are five species of parasitic plants,26 species of shrubs,12 species of semi-shrubs,and two species of trees.Ecotypes are dominated by mesophytes(198 species),accounting for67.35%,but xerophytes are mostly the dominant genera and species in this area.The geographical distribution of the flora in this area is complex,exhibiting eight distributional types and 11 subtypes at the genera level,which mainly corresponded to variants in temperate floral distributions(75 genera,accounting for 51.73%),which have a close relationship with the Mediterranean and West Asia to Central Asia distribution area types and their variants(42 genera,accounting for 28.97%).
Through a field survey of low mountain deserts in the upper reaches of the Manas River in Xinjiang,it was found that there were 294 species of seed plants belonging to 174 genera in 44 families,including one gymnosperm species,43 angiosperm families,and 173 angiosperm genera,in 293 species.Among the families,there are 38 single-species or oligospecies(2～10 species) families(86.37%),and six larger(21～50 species) and medium-sized families(11～20 species).The number of species is 62.93% of the total,which is the main body of the flora;the dominant families are mainly Compositae,Chenopodiaceae,Cruciferae,Gramineae,and Leguminosae.Among the genera,Salsola and Astragalus,represented only by 11～20 species,are the dominant genera in this area.There are 269 species of 172 genera in two to six species and single genera families,accounting for 98.85% and 91.50% of the total genera and species,respectively,which are the main components of the floristic characteristics.Life style is based on herbs(254 species),containing 139 species(including 66 species of short-lived plants) of herbs from 1～ 2 years old,followed by 110 species of perennial herbs(including 11 species of short-lived plants).Among them,there are five species of parasitic plants,26 species of shrubs,12 species of semi-shrubs,and two species of trees.Ecotypes are dominated by mesophytes(198 species),accounting for67.35%,but xerophytes are mostly the dominant genera and species in this area.The geographical distribution of the flora in this area is complex,exhibiting eight distributional types and 11 subtypes at the genera level,which mainly corresponded to variants in temperate floral distributions(75 genera,accounting for 51.73%),which have a close relationship with the Mediterranean and West Asia to Central Asia distribution area types and their variants(42 genera,accounting for 28.97%).
引文
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[10]任姗姗,徐文斌,阎平,谭志刚.新疆巴里坤北部界山植物区系研究.干旱区研究,2015,32(6):1153-1159.REN S S,XU W B,YAN P,TAN Z G.Study on the flora of Northern International Boundary Mountains in Balikun,Xinjiang.Research on Arid Land,2015,32(6):1153-1159.
[11]谭治刚,阎平,张丽君,黄刚,杜珍珠.新疆西昆仑山禾本科植物物种多样性特点.草业科学,2017,34(8):1611-1616.TAN Z G,YAN P,ZHANG L J,HUANG G,DU Z Z.Species diversity of grasses in the west Kunlun Mountains,Xinjiang.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(8):1611-1616.
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[13]吴征镒,周浙昆,孙航,李德铢,彭华.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化.昆明:云南科技出版社,2006:60-71.WU Z Y,ZHOU Z K,SUN H,LI D Z,PENG H.The Area-types of Seed Plants and Their Origin and Differentiation.Kunming:Yunnan Science&Technology Press,2006:60-71.
[14]中国植被编辑委员会.中国植被.北京:科学出版社,1995.Editorial Committee of Chinese Vegetation.Chinese Vegetation.Beijing:Science&Technology&Publishing House,1995.
[15]廖文波,张宏达,仲铭锦.广东亚热带植物区系表征科的区系地理学分析.生态科学,1994(1):47-55.LIAO W B,ZHANG H D,ZHONG M J.Floristic geographical analysis of the subtropical flora of Guangdong Province.Ecological Science,1994(1):47-55.
[16]许金凤,马红梅,张建全,柴琦.兰州南北两山种子植物区系.草业科学,2016,33(3):408-423.XU J F,MA H M,ZHANG J Q,CHAI Q.The flora characteristic of seed plants in the Southern and Northern Mountains of Lanzhou.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):408-423.
[17]徐远杰,陈亚宁,李卫红,孙慧兰,陈亚鹏.中国伊犁河谷种子植物区系分析.干旱区研究,2010,27(3):331-337.XU Y J,CHEN Y N,LI W H,SUN H L,CHEN Y P.Analysis of seed plant flora in Yili Valley,China.Research on Arid Land,2010,27(3):331-337.
[18]李登武.陕北黄土高原维管植物区系地理研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2008.LI D W.Vascular plant floristic geographical analysis of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi.PhD Thesis.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2008.
[19]张高,海鹰,曾雅娟.新疆中天山野生种子植物区系分析.西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2532-2538.ZHANG G,HAI Y,ZENG Y J.Floristic analysis of wild seed plants in Zhongtian Mountain.Journal of Northwest Botanical Sciences,2011,31(12):2532-2538.
[20]李珊珊,杨淑萍,阎平,任杉杉,徐文斌.新疆北塔山地区木本植物区系特征.草业科学,2017,34(12):2464-2469.LI S S,YANG S P,YAN P,REN S S,XU W B.Floristic characteristics of woody plants in the Beita Mountain of Xinjiang.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(12):2464-2469.
[2]陈丽,尹林克,严成,段士民,殷岚.博格达山西北麓低山丘陵区种子植物区系研究:以乌鲁木齐东南部“荒山”为例.干旱区研究,2006(4):568-576.CHEN L,YIN L K,YAN C,DUAN S M,YIN L.Study on the flora of seed plants in the low mountain and hilly areas of northwest Bogda Mountain:Take the“barren mountain”in the southeast of Urumqi as an example.Research on Arid Land,2006(4):568-576.
[3]马真,翟伟,阎平.石河子绿洲-荒漠区十字花科植物物种多样性及其分布特点.石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2009,27(3):269-273.MA Z,ZHAI W,YAN P.Species diversity and distribution of cruciferous plants in the oasis-desert area of Shihezi Autonomous Region.Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science Edition),2009,27(3):269-273.
[4]杜珍珠,阎平,黄刚,任珊珊.石河子绿洲-荒漠区菊科植物物种多样性研究.西北植物学报,2013,33(5):1034-1040.DU Z Z,YAN P,HUANG G,REN S S.Study on the diversity of plant species in Shihezi oasis desert region.Journal of Northwestern Plants,2013,33(5):1034-1040.
[5]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(第1-80卷).北京:科学出版社,1959-2004.Editorial Committee of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae(Vol.1-80).Beijing:Science Press,1959-2004.
[6]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志(第1-6卷).乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1992-1996.Editorial Committee of Sinkiang Flora.Flora of Sinkiang(Vol.1-6).Urujmqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology&Hygiene Publishing House,1992-1996.
[7]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志简本.乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2014.Editorial Committee of Sinkiang Flora.A Simple Book of Plant Flora in Xinjiang.Urujmqi:Xinjiang Science&Technology&Hygiene Publishing House,2014.
[8]杨昌友.新疆树木志.北京:中国林业出版社,2012.YANG C Y.Xinjiang Sylva.Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2012.
[9]刘佳.新疆玛纳斯河中上游低山荒漠种子植物研究.石河子:石河子大学硕士学位论文,2018.LIU J.Study on the seed plants at the low-mountain deserts in the upper and middle reaches of the Manas River in Xinjiang.Master Thesis.Shihezi:Shihezi University,2018.
[10]任姗姗,徐文斌,阎平,谭志刚.新疆巴里坤北部界山植物区系研究.干旱区研究,2015,32(6):1153-1159.REN S S,XU W B,YAN P,TAN Z G.Study on the flora of Northern International Boundary Mountains in Balikun,Xinjiang.Research on Arid Land,2015,32(6):1153-1159.
[11]谭治刚,阎平,张丽君,黄刚,杜珍珠.新疆西昆仑山禾本科植物物种多样性特点.草业科学,2017,34(8):1611-1616.TAN Z G,YAN P,ZHANG L J,HUANG G,DU Z Z.Species diversity of grasses in the west Kunlun Mountains,Xinjiang.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(8):1611-1616.
[12]丁谦谊,孔杨云,蒲训,于应文.安西自然保护区木本植物区系特征.草业科学,2016,33(3):400-407.DI Q Y,KONG Y Y,PU X,YU Y W.Characteristics of woody flora in Anxi Nature Reserve.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):400-407.
[13]吴征镒,周浙昆,孙航,李德铢,彭华.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化.昆明:云南科技出版社,2006:60-71.WU Z Y,ZHOU Z K,SUN H,LI D Z,PENG H.The Area-types of Seed Plants and Their Origin and Differentiation.Kunming:Yunnan Science&Technology Press,2006:60-71.
[14]中国植被编辑委员会.中国植被.北京:科学出版社,1995.Editorial Committee of Chinese Vegetation.Chinese Vegetation.Beijing:Science&Technology&Publishing House,1995.
[15]廖文波,张宏达,仲铭锦.广东亚热带植物区系表征科的区系地理学分析.生态科学,1994(1):47-55.LIAO W B,ZHANG H D,ZHONG M J.Floristic geographical analysis of the subtropical flora of Guangdong Province.Ecological Science,1994(1):47-55.
[16]许金凤,马红梅,张建全,柴琦.兰州南北两山种子植物区系.草业科学,2016,33(3):408-423.XU J F,MA H M,ZHANG J Q,CHAI Q.The flora characteristic of seed plants in the Southern and Northern Mountains of Lanzhou.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):408-423.
[17]徐远杰,陈亚宁,李卫红,孙慧兰,陈亚鹏.中国伊犁河谷种子植物区系分析.干旱区研究,2010,27(3):331-337.XU Y J,CHEN Y N,LI W H,SUN H L,CHEN Y P.Analysis of seed plant flora in Yili Valley,China.Research on Arid Land,2010,27(3):331-337.
[18]李登武.陕北黄土高原维管植物区系地理研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2008.LI D W.Vascular plant floristic geographical analysis of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi.PhD Thesis.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2008.
[19]张高,海鹰,曾雅娟.新疆中天山野生种子植物区系分析.西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2532-2538.ZHANG G,HAI Y,ZENG Y J.Floristic analysis of wild seed plants in Zhongtian Mountain.Journal of Northwest Botanical Sciences,2011,31(12):2532-2538.
[20]李珊珊,杨淑萍,阎平,任杉杉,徐文斌.新疆北塔山地区木本植物区系特征.草业科学,2017,34(12):2464-2469.LI S S,YANG S P,YAN P,REN S S,XU W B.Floristic characteristics of woody plants in the Beita Mountain of Xinjiang.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(12):2464-2469.
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