基于DEA模型的中国足球协会超级联赛俱乐部效率研究
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摘要
基于2015-2017赛季中国足球协会超级联赛(以下简称"中超")俱乐部的面板数据,从"投入产出"角度建立俱乐部效率评价体系,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对中超俱乐部效率进行测度,并通过效率优化解决其投入冗余问题.研究表明:中超俱乐部2015-2017赛季整体效率均值各赛季都处于无效率水平,各赛季落入无效率区间的俱乐部数量均最多,而落入高效率区间的俱乐部数量则较少.高效率俱乐部当赛季的积分排名均不低于其投入排名.各赛季中超俱乐部均普遍处于规模收益递减状态,其中广州恒大、上海上港、上海申花和江苏苏宁俱乐部始终为规模收益递减.各赛季仅有少数俱乐部处于规模收益递增状态,其积分排名也均处于下游位置,其中辽宁开新俱乐部始终为规模收益递增.中超俱乐部不但普遍存在投入冗余情况,而且投入冗余度也较大,各赛季投入冗余度排名前三俱乐部的投入冗余度均超过50%.
Based on the panel data of the clubs of Chinese Football Association Super League in 20152017 seasons the evaluation system of club efficiency is published from the perspective of inputoutput.Data envelopment analysis(DEA)is used to measure the club efficiency of Chinese Football Association Super League.The problem of input redundancy is solved by efficiency optimization.The study shows that the overall average efficiency of the clubs of Chinese Football Association Super League in 2015-2017 seasons are at the level of inefficiency.The number of clubs falling into inefficiency range is the largest in each season,while the number of clubs falling into the high efficiency range is relatively small.The score ranks are not lower than the input ranks for the clubs with high efficiency in each season.The clubs of Chinese Football Association Super League are generally in the state of decreasing returns to scale in each season.Among them,Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao Football Club Shanghai SIPG Football Club,Shanghai Greenland Shenhua Football Club and Jiangsu Suning Football Club are always in the state of decreasing returns to scale.Only a few clubs are in the state of increasing returns to scale in each season.The score ranks of them are also in the lower reaches.Liaoning Hongyun Football Club is always in the state of decreasing returns to scale.The clubs of Chinese Football Association.Super League not only universally have input redundancy,but also have greater input redundancy rate.Input redundancy rate is more than 50% in each season for the clubs with the top three in terms of input redundancy rate.
Based on the panel data of the clubs of Chinese Football Association Super League in 20152017 seasons the evaluation system of club efficiency is published from the perspective of inputoutput.Data envelopment analysis(DEA)is used to measure the club efficiency of Chinese Football Association Super League.The problem of input redundancy is solved by efficiency optimization.The study shows that the overall average efficiency of the clubs of Chinese Football Association Super League in 2015-2017 seasons are at the level of inefficiency.The number of clubs falling into inefficiency range is the largest in each season,while the number of clubs falling into the high efficiency range is relatively small.The score ranks are not lower than the input ranks for the clubs with high efficiency in each season.The clubs of Chinese Football Association Super League are generally in the state of decreasing returns to scale in each season.Among them,Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao Football Club Shanghai SIPG Football Club,Shanghai Greenland Shenhua Football Club and Jiangsu Suning Football Club are always in the state of decreasing returns to scale.Only a few clubs are in the state of increasing returns to scale in each season.The score ranks of them are also in the lower reaches.Liaoning Hongyun Football Club is always in the state of decreasing returns to scale.The clubs of Chinese Football Association.Super League not only universally have input redundancy,but also have greater input redundancy rate.Input redundancy rate is more than 50% in each season for the clubs with the top three in terms of input redundancy rate.
引文
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[15]李震,郭敏.基于DEA的大型体育场(馆)免费低收费对外开放效率研究[J].体育科学,2017,37(8):90-97.
[16]邵伟钰.基于DEA模型的群众体育财政投入绩效分析[J].体育科学,2014,34(9):11-16+22.
[17]袁春梅·我国体育公共服务效率评价与影响因素实证研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(4):3-10.
[18]吴波.中国城市生产效率的变化及其影响因素[J].新疆社会科学,2017(6):38-49.
[19]李棋,孙钰,崔寅.基于DEA方法的京津冀城市基础设施投资效率评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(2):26-30.
[20]潘竟虎,尹君.中国地级及以上城市发展效率差异的DEA-ESDA测度[J].经济地理,2012,32(12):53-60.
[21]孙才志,马奇飞,赵良仕.基于SBM-Malmquist生产率指数模型的中国水资源绿色效率变动研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(5):993-1005.
[2]毕天杨,孙一,杨巳望.中超联赛引援过度投资问题研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2018,34(1):20-26.
[3]王沂.中超足球俱乐部高薪引进外籍球员研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2018,41(5):4-51.
[4]Pyatunin A V,Vishnyakova A B,Sherstneva N L,et al.The economic efficiency of European football clubs-Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)approach[J].International Journal of Environmental&Science Education,2016,11(15):7515-7534.
[5]Barbosa A,Dantas M,Azevedo Y,et al.Fiscal responsibility strategy in Brazilian football clubs:A dynamic efficiency analysis[J].Brazilian Business Review(Portuguese Edition),2017(1):45-66.
[6]Freitas M,Flach L,Farias R.Efficiency determinants in Brazilian football clubs[J].Brazilian Business Review(Portuguese Edition),2017(1):123.
[7]Ocar G,Ruiz J L.Game performance versus competitive performance in the world championship of handball 2011[J].Journal of Human Kinetics,2013,36(1):137-147.
[8]李焓铷.中国男子职业篮球俱乐部经营模式的研究[D].北京体育大学,2013.
[9]王升阳.基于DEA模型2016-2017赛季NBA俱乐部的运营效率研究[J].劳动保障世界,2018(5):58-59.
[10]易青蕾,肖雨琪,谭慧兰等.武汉市高尔夫俱乐部的时间效率管理与对策研究[J].现代商业,2018(8):160-163.
[11]朴胜任,李健.基于超效率DEA模型的中国区域环境效率时空差异研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(4):1-6.
[12]尹君,谭清美,武小龙.江苏省城乡统筹效率评价及其空间溢出效应研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):176-182.
[13]潘竟虎,尹君.基于DEA-ESDA的甘肃省城乡统筹发展效率评价及其空间差异分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(9):1439-1444.
[14]魏权龄·数据包络分析(DEA)[J].科学通报2000(17):1793-1808.
[15]李震,郭敏.基于DEA的大型体育场(馆)免费低收费对外开放效率研究[J].体育科学,2017,37(8):90-97.
[16]邵伟钰.基于DEA模型的群众体育财政投入绩效分析[J].体育科学,2014,34(9):11-16+22.
[17]袁春梅·我国体育公共服务效率评价与影响因素实证研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(4):3-10.
[18]吴波.中国城市生产效率的变化及其影响因素[J].新疆社会科学,2017(6):38-49.
[19]李棋,孙钰,崔寅.基于DEA方法的京津冀城市基础设施投资效率评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(2):26-30.
[20]潘竟虎,尹君.中国地级及以上城市发展效率差异的DEA-ESDA测度[J].经济地理,2012,32(12):53-60.
[21]孙才志,马奇飞,赵良仕.基于SBM-Malmquist生产率指数模型的中国水资源绿色效率变动研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(5):993-1005.
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