基于生物絮团技术的养殖系统细菌群落结构研究进展
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摘要
笔者介绍了有关生物絮团细菌群落结构的研究进展,重点阐述了生物絮团形成不同阶段的细菌群落结构组成和多样性研究;分析了环境条件,即不同碳源和碳氮比(C/N)对生物絮团养殖系统水体和养殖对象肠道细菌群落结构组成和多样性的影响;并总结了生物絮团微生物群落的部分作用,包括具备脱氮功能,以及抑制病原菌的生长及繁殖。最后对生物絮团技术的发展方向进行了展望。可考虑在养殖中后期通过逐渐降低碳源添加量,将异养型生物絮团系统逐步驯化为硝化型生物絮团系统,或将该技术与生物膜技术结合运用。
The authors introduced the study on bacterial community structure of biofloc, and set forth the composition and diversity of the bacterial community structure at different stages of biofloc formation in the aquaculture system. Then, we analyzed the effect of environmental conditions, including different carbon sources and carbon-nitrogen ratios(C/N), on the compositions and diversities of microbial community in the biofloc as well as in the intestine of cultured animals. Besides, the roles of microbial community of biofloc were summarized, including the function of nitrogen removal and the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria growth and reproduction. Finally, the authors discussed the future developments and research directions of biofloc technology. The researchers could try to study the acclimation of the heterotrophic biofloc system into a nitrifying biofloc system gradually by reducing the amount of carbon source added progressively during the middle and late stages of biofloc culture system. In addition, the combination of the biofloc technology and the biofilm technology in aquaculture system could also be demonstrated in the future by researchers.
The authors introduced the study on bacterial community structure of biofloc, and set forth the composition and diversity of the bacterial community structure at different stages of biofloc formation in the aquaculture system. Then, we analyzed the effect of environmental conditions, including different carbon sources and carbon-nitrogen ratios(C/N), on the compositions and diversities of microbial community in the biofloc as well as in the intestine of cultured animals. Besides, the roles of microbial community of biofloc were summarized, including the function of nitrogen removal and the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria growth and reproduction. Finally, the authors discussed the future developments and research directions of biofloc technology. The researchers could try to study the acclimation of the heterotrophic biofloc system into a nitrifying biofloc system gradually by reducing the amount of carbon source added progressively during the middle and late stages of biofloc culture system. In addition, the combination of the biofloc technology and the biofilm technology in aquaculture system could also be demonstrated in the future by researchers.
引文
[1]Avnimelech Y.Carbon and nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems[J].Aquaculture,1999,176(3-4):227-235.
[2]De Schryver P,Crab R,Defoirdt T,et al.The basics of bio-flocs technology:The added value for aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,2008,277(3-4):125-137.
[3]徐晨,李烨,孙启睿,等.生物絮团养殖模式下益生菌添加对异育银鲫生长、消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(5):1004-1011.
[4]Avnimelech Y.Biofloc technology-A Practical Guide Book(2nd ed)[M].Baton Rouge:The World Aquaculture Society,2012:73-91.
[5]Burford M A,Thompson P J,Mcintosh R P,et al.The contribution of flocculated material to shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)nutrition in a high-intensity,zero-exchange system[J].Aquaculture,2004,232(1-4):525-537.
[6]Chamberlain G,Avnimelech Y,Mcintosh R P,et al.Advantanges of aerated microbial reuse systems with balanced C:N[J].Global Aquaculture Advocates,2001,4(4):22-24.
[7]Hari B,Kurup B M,Varghese J T,et al.Effects of carbohydrate addition on production in extensive shrimp culture systems[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1-4):179-194.
[8]Avnimelech Y.Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bioflocs technology ponds[J].Aquaculture,2007,264:140-147.
[9]Emerenciano M,Gaxiola G,Cuzon G.Biofloc Technology(BFT):A review for aquaculture application and animal food industry[J].Intech,2013:301-328.
[10]罗国芝,朱泽闻,潘云峰,等.生物絮凝技术在水产养殖中的应用[J].中国水产,2010(2):62-63.
[11]杨彦豪,黄光华,冯鹏霏,等.生物絮团技术在罗氏沼虾养殖中的应用前景[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(15):10-13.
[12]王仁龙,王志宝,刘立明,等.生物絮团技术在水产养殖中的应用现状[J].水产科技情报,2017,44(6):330-334,339.
[13]Azim M E,Little D C,Bron J E.Microbial protein production in activated suspension tanks manipulating C:N ratio in feed and the implications for fish culture[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99:3590-3599.
[14]张怖青,江兴龙,郑伟刚.生物絮团技术在水产养殖中的应用研究[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(6):33-38.
[15]孙胜明,戈贤平,朱健,等.生物絮团对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(2):49-55.
[16]任利华,李斌,孙国华,等.16S rDNA克隆文库解析仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育池中生物絮团的菌群结构[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(1):197-205.
[17]邱立疆.生物絮团群落结构变化与添加对鲫鱼生长、代谢的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[18]Zhao P,Huang J,Wang X H,et al.The application of bioflocs technology in high-intensive,zero exchange farming systems of Marsupenaeus japonicas[J].Aquaculture,2012,354-355(3):97-106.
[19]杨章武,杨铿,张哲,等.基于宏基因组测序技术分析凡纳滨对虾育苗中生物絮团菌群结构[J].福建水产,2015,37(2):91-97.
[20]Deng M,Chen J Y,Gou J W,et al.The effect of different carbon sources on water quality,microbial community and structure of biofl oc systems[J].Aquaculture,2018,482:103-110.
[21]盛建海.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖水体中生物絮团菌群结构及功能分析[D].舟山:浙江海洋大学,2018.
[22]李祎,郑伟,郑天凌.海洋微生物多样性及其分子生态学研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2013,40(4):655-668.
[23]Xia S,Wang F,Fu Y D,et al.Biodiversity analysis of microbial community in the chem-bioflocculation treatment process[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2010,89(6):656-659.
[24]史妍,傅以钢,夏四清,等.化学-生物絮凝污水处理工艺中微生物群落结构变化分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2006,12(1):108-112.
[25]王峰,傅以钢.PCR-DGGE技术在城市污水化学生物絮凝处理中的特点[J].水处理信息报导,2005(1):63.
[26]Crab R,Kochva M,Verstraete W.Bio-floc technology application in over-wintering of tilapia[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2009,40(3):105-112.
[27]夏耘,郁二蒙,谢骏,等.基于PCR-DGGE技术分析生物絮团的菌群结构[J].水产学报,2012,36(10):1563-1571.
[28]夏耘,邱立疆,郁二蒙,等.生物絮团培养过程中养殖水体水质因子及原核与真核微生物的动态变化[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(1):75-83.
[29]Oehmen A.The competition between polyphosphate accumulating organisms and glycogen accumulating organisms in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process[D].Brisbane:The University of Queenslang,2005.
[30]聂伟,刘立鹤,刘军,等.生物絮团的研究进展[J].江西水产科技,2014,4:43-48.
[31]Chen J H,Ren Y C,Li Y Q,et al.Regulation of growth,intestinal microbiota,non-specific immune response and disease resistance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)in biofloc systems[J].Fish and Shellfish Immunology,2018,77:175-186.
[32]Wei Y F,Liao S A,Wang A L.The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional composition,microbial community and structure of bioflocs[J].Aquaculture,2016,465:88-93.
[33]Li J W,Liu G,Li C,et al.Effects of different solid carbon sources on water quality,biofloc quality and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2018,495:919-931.
[34]Luo G Z,Zhang N,Cai S L,et al.Nitrogen dynamics,bacterial community composition and bio fl oc quality in bio fl oc-based systems cultured Oreochromis niloticus with poly-β-hydroxybutyric and polycaprolactone as external carbohydrates[J].Aquaculture,2017,479:732-741.
[35]Martins A M P,Heijnen J J,Van Loosdrecht M C M.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on sludge settleability[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2003,62(5-6):586-593.
[36]孙盛明,朱健,戈贤平,等.零交换水下养殖水体中碳氮比对生物絮团形成及团头鲂肠道菌群结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):948-955.
[37]Miao S Y,Zhu J Y,Zhao C Z,et al.Effects of C/N ratio control combined with probiotics on the immune response,disease resistance,intestinal microbiota and morphology of giant freshwater prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)[J].Aquaculture,2017,476:125-133.
[38]Panigrahi A,Saranya C,Sundaram M,et al.Carbon:Nitrogen(C:N)ratio level variation in fl uences microbial community of the system and growth as well as immunity of shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)in bio fl oc based culture system[J].Fish and Shell fi sh Immunology,2018,81:329-337.
[39]夏耘,余德光,谢骏,等.不同养殖方式对鳙肠道菌群结构的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(5):907-912.
[40]陈鹏飞.碳源添加在佛罗里达鳖(Apalone ferox)养殖中的研究与应用[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2015.
[41]Crab R.Bioflocs technology:an integrated system for the removal of nutrients and simultaneous production of feed in aquaculture[D].Ghent:Ghent University,2010.
[42]高戈.功能益生菌的简易发酵及其在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团工厂化养殖中的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2016.
[43]Pacheco-Vega J M,Cadena-Roa M A,Leyva-Flores J A,et al.Effect of isolated bacteria and microalgae on the bio fl oc characteristics in the Paci fi c white shrimp culture[J].Aquaculture Reports,2018,11:24-30.
[44]孙振.产絮团微生物在凡纳滨对虾荞殖中的作用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[45]胡修贵,赵培,李玉宏.生物絮团中异养亚硝化菌的分离鉴定及其特性[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(5):97-103.
[46]陈文斌,潘鲁青,黄飞.对虾生物絮团中亚硝态氮降解菌分离鉴定与安全性评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2017(3):121-129.
[47]盛建海,韩涛,王骥腾.源自生物絮团产絮凝剂的异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌xt1的鉴定及其脱氮特性[J].海洋与湖沼,2018,49(2):375-383.
[2]De Schryver P,Crab R,Defoirdt T,et al.The basics of bio-flocs technology:The added value for aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,2008,277(3-4):125-137.
[3]徐晨,李烨,孙启睿,等.生物絮团养殖模式下益生菌添加对异育银鲫生长、消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(5):1004-1011.
[4]Avnimelech Y.Biofloc technology-A Practical Guide Book(2nd ed)[M].Baton Rouge:The World Aquaculture Society,2012:73-91.
[5]Burford M A,Thompson P J,Mcintosh R P,et al.The contribution of flocculated material to shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)nutrition in a high-intensity,zero-exchange system[J].Aquaculture,2004,232(1-4):525-537.
[6]Chamberlain G,Avnimelech Y,Mcintosh R P,et al.Advantanges of aerated microbial reuse systems with balanced C:N[J].Global Aquaculture Advocates,2001,4(4):22-24.
[7]Hari B,Kurup B M,Varghese J T,et al.Effects of carbohydrate addition on production in extensive shrimp culture systems[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1-4):179-194.
[8]Avnimelech Y.Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bioflocs technology ponds[J].Aquaculture,2007,264:140-147.
[9]Emerenciano M,Gaxiola G,Cuzon G.Biofloc Technology(BFT):A review for aquaculture application and animal food industry[J].Intech,2013:301-328.
[10]罗国芝,朱泽闻,潘云峰,等.生物絮凝技术在水产养殖中的应用[J].中国水产,2010(2):62-63.
[11]杨彦豪,黄光华,冯鹏霏,等.生物絮团技术在罗氏沼虾养殖中的应用前景[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(15):10-13.
[12]王仁龙,王志宝,刘立明,等.生物絮团技术在水产养殖中的应用现状[J].水产科技情报,2017,44(6):330-334,339.
[13]Azim M E,Little D C,Bron J E.Microbial protein production in activated suspension tanks manipulating C:N ratio in feed and the implications for fish culture[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99:3590-3599.
[14]张怖青,江兴龙,郑伟刚.生物絮团技术在水产养殖中的应用研究[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(6):33-38.
[15]孙胜明,戈贤平,朱健,等.生物絮团对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(2):49-55.
[16]任利华,李斌,孙国华,等.16S rDNA克隆文库解析仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育池中生物絮团的菌群结构[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(1):197-205.
[17]邱立疆.生物絮团群落结构变化与添加对鲫鱼生长、代谢的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[18]Zhao P,Huang J,Wang X H,et al.The application of bioflocs technology in high-intensive,zero exchange farming systems of Marsupenaeus japonicas[J].Aquaculture,2012,354-355(3):97-106.
[19]杨章武,杨铿,张哲,等.基于宏基因组测序技术分析凡纳滨对虾育苗中生物絮团菌群结构[J].福建水产,2015,37(2):91-97.
[20]Deng M,Chen J Y,Gou J W,et al.The effect of different carbon sources on water quality,microbial community and structure of biofl oc systems[J].Aquaculture,2018,482:103-110.
[21]盛建海.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖水体中生物絮团菌群结构及功能分析[D].舟山:浙江海洋大学,2018.
[22]李祎,郑伟,郑天凌.海洋微生物多样性及其分子生态学研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2013,40(4):655-668.
[23]Xia S,Wang F,Fu Y D,et al.Biodiversity analysis of microbial community in the chem-bioflocculation treatment process[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2010,89(6):656-659.
[24]史妍,傅以钢,夏四清,等.化学-生物絮凝污水处理工艺中微生物群落结构变化分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2006,12(1):108-112.
[25]王峰,傅以钢.PCR-DGGE技术在城市污水化学生物絮凝处理中的特点[J].水处理信息报导,2005(1):63.
[26]Crab R,Kochva M,Verstraete W.Bio-floc technology application in over-wintering of tilapia[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2009,40(3):105-112.
[27]夏耘,郁二蒙,谢骏,等.基于PCR-DGGE技术分析生物絮团的菌群结构[J].水产学报,2012,36(10):1563-1571.
[28]夏耘,邱立疆,郁二蒙,等.生物絮团培养过程中养殖水体水质因子及原核与真核微生物的动态变化[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(1):75-83.
[29]Oehmen A.The competition between polyphosphate accumulating organisms and glycogen accumulating organisms in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process[D].Brisbane:The University of Queenslang,2005.
[30]聂伟,刘立鹤,刘军,等.生物絮团的研究进展[J].江西水产科技,2014,4:43-48.
[31]Chen J H,Ren Y C,Li Y Q,et al.Regulation of growth,intestinal microbiota,non-specific immune response and disease resistance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)in biofloc systems[J].Fish and Shellfish Immunology,2018,77:175-186.
[32]Wei Y F,Liao S A,Wang A L.The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional composition,microbial community and structure of bioflocs[J].Aquaculture,2016,465:88-93.
[33]Li J W,Liu G,Li C,et al.Effects of different solid carbon sources on water quality,biofloc quality and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2018,495:919-931.
[34]Luo G Z,Zhang N,Cai S L,et al.Nitrogen dynamics,bacterial community composition and bio fl oc quality in bio fl oc-based systems cultured Oreochromis niloticus with poly-β-hydroxybutyric and polycaprolactone as external carbohydrates[J].Aquaculture,2017,479:732-741.
[35]Martins A M P,Heijnen J J,Van Loosdrecht M C M.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on sludge settleability[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2003,62(5-6):586-593.
[36]孙盛明,朱健,戈贤平,等.零交换水下养殖水体中碳氮比对生物絮团形成及团头鲂肠道菌群结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):948-955.
[37]Miao S Y,Zhu J Y,Zhao C Z,et al.Effects of C/N ratio control combined with probiotics on the immune response,disease resistance,intestinal microbiota and morphology of giant freshwater prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)[J].Aquaculture,2017,476:125-133.
[38]Panigrahi A,Saranya C,Sundaram M,et al.Carbon:Nitrogen(C:N)ratio level variation in fl uences microbial community of the system and growth as well as immunity of shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)in bio fl oc based culture system[J].Fish and Shell fi sh Immunology,2018,81:329-337.
[39]夏耘,余德光,谢骏,等.不同养殖方式对鳙肠道菌群结构的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(5):907-912.
[40]陈鹏飞.碳源添加在佛罗里达鳖(Apalone ferox)养殖中的研究与应用[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2015.
[41]Crab R.Bioflocs technology:an integrated system for the removal of nutrients and simultaneous production of feed in aquaculture[D].Ghent:Ghent University,2010.
[42]高戈.功能益生菌的简易发酵及其在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团工厂化养殖中的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2016.
[43]Pacheco-Vega J M,Cadena-Roa M A,Leyva-Flores J A,et al.Effect of isolated bacteria and microalgae on the bio fl oc characteristics in the Paci fi c white shrimp culture[J].Aquaculture Reports,2018,11:24-30.
[44]孙振.产絮团微生物在凡纳滨对虾荞殖中的作用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[45]胡修贵,赵培,李玉宏.生物絮团中异养亚硝化菌的分离鉴定及其特性[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(5):97-103.
[46]陈文斌,潘鲁青,黄飞.对虾生物絮团中亚硝态氮降解菌分离鉴定与安全性评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2017(3):121-129.
[47]盛建海,韩涛,王骥腾.源自生物絮团产絮凝剂的异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌xt1的鉴定及其脱氮特性[J].海洋与湖沼,2018,49(2):375-383.