2000—2015年丹顶鹤重要繁殖地景观格局变化研究
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摘要
以18个自然保护区为研究对象,全面系统地研究了我国丹顶鹤大陆种群重要繁殖地景观格局变化,结果表明:2000—2015年丹顶鹤重要繁殖地土地利用变化明显,突出表现为沼泽湿地面积急剧减少了1400.5 km~2,主要转化为耕地、水体和草地,耕地面积大幅增加了1085.4 km~2,主要由沼泽湿地、草地和林地转化而来;丹顶鹤重要繁殖地2000—2015年景观连通性保持稳定,但吉林莫莫格、黑龙江七星河、挠力河等自然保护区景观破碎化程度明显增加;东部种群重要繁殖地沼泽湿地缩减面积和不适宜生境增加面积均大于西部种群,表明东部种群繁殖地的恶化程度更为严重,需引起高度关注。首次基于长时间序列对丹顶鹤大陆种群繁殖地的变化开展了较为全面的研究,为有针对性地开展栖息地保护管理工作、促进丹顶鹤野生种群健康可持续发展提供了依据。
Taking 18 nature reserves as the research objects, this paper systematically studied the landscape dynamics of important breeding habitats of the continental population of the red-crowned crane from 2000 to 2015 in China. The results showed that the land use structure varied, with a sharp decrease in marshland area and a substantial increase in farmland area. The marshland area decreased by 1400.5 km~2, and was mainly converted to farmlands, water bodies, and grasslands. The farmland area increased by 1085.4 km~2, and was mostly converted from marshlands, grasslands, and woodlands. Landscape connectivity in those important breeding habitats of the red-crowned crane remained stable from 2000 to 2015, but landscape fragmentation strengthened in some of the important breeding habitats, such as the Momoge, Qixinghe, and Naolihe Nature Reserves. Considering that the shrinkage of marshlands and the increase of unsuitable habitats in the important breeding habitats of the eastern population of the red-crowned crane were larger than those of the western population, the breeding habitats of the eastern population have been deteriorated more severely, which needs high attention. Since this paper carried out a comprehensive study on the changes of the important breeding habitats of the red-crowned crane based on the long-term sequence for the first time, it would guide targeted habitat conservation and management and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the wild populations of the red-crowned crane.
Taking 18 nature reserves as the research objects, this paper systematically studied the landscape dynamics of important breeding habitats of the continental population of the red-crowned crane from 2000 to 2015 in China. The results showed that the land use structure varied, with a sharp decrease in marshland area and a substantial increase in farmland area. The marshland area decreased by 1400.5 km~2, and was mainly converted to farmlands, water bodies, and grasslands. The farmland area increased by 1085.4 km~2, and was mostly converted from marshlands, grasslands, and woodlands. Landscape connectivity in those important breeding habitats of the red-crowned crane remained stable from 2000 to 2015, but landscape fragmentation strengthened in some of the important breeding habitats, such as the Momoge, Qixinghe, and Naolihe Nature Reserves. Considering that the shrinkage of marshlands and the increase of unsuitable habitats in the important breeding habitats of the eastern population of the red-crowned crane were larger than those of the western population, the breeding habitats of the eastern population have been deteriorated more severely, which needs high attention. Since this paper carried out a comprehensive study on the changes of the important breeding habitats of the red-crowned crane based on the long-term sequence for the first time, it would guide targeted habitat conservation and management and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the wild populations of the red-crowned crane.
引文
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[22] 刘宇轩,王翠珍.基于LANDSAT数据的湿地动态变化特征研究——莫莫格保护区.哈尔滨师范大学:自然科学学报,2016,32(3):112- 118.
[23] 周大庆,高军,钱者东,张昊楠,徐网谷,蒋明康.中国脊椎动物就地保护状况评估.生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(1):7- 12.
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[32] 史利江,王圣云,姚晓军,牛俊杰,俞立中.1994～2006年上海市土地利用时空变化特征及驱动力分析.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1468- 1479.
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[35] 龙泽旭,龚文峰,袁力,李浩.扎龙保护区景观动态变化与丹顶鹤人为干扰分析.野生动物学报,2014,35(4):431- 435.
[36] 张桐菓.基于GIS的扎龙湿地丹顶鹤空间格局及其生境变化研究[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学,2016.
[37] 李浩.扎龙自然保护区土地利用变化及丹顶鹤营巢生境景观连接度评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[38] 胡畔,王宗明,李春景.三江平原国际重要湿地保护有效性遥感评价.延边大学农学学报,2017,39(2):1- 8,22- 22.
[39] 崔桢,沈红,章光新.3个时期莫莫格国家级自然保护区景观格局和湿地水文连通性变化及其驱动因素分析.湿地科学,2016,14(6):866- 873.
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[41] 宋晓林.1950s以来挠力河流域径流特征变化及其影响因素[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2012.
[42] 张弘强,罗春雨,崔玲,李海燕,曲艺,曾星雨,高玉慧.挠力河国家级自然保护区景观格局特征分析.国土与自然资源研究,2017,(5):84- 85.
[43] 佟守正,吕宪国,苏立英,姜明,姚允龙.扎龙湿地生态系统变化过程及影响因子分析.湿地科学,2008,6(2):179- 184.
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[2] 曹铭昌,孙孝平,乐志芳,崔鹏,龚溪,徐海根.基于MAXENT模型的丹顶鹤越冬生境变化分析:以盐城保护区为例.生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(6):964- 970.
[3] Cody M L.Habitat Selection in Birds.Orlando:Academic Press,1985:1- 559.
[4] IUCN.IUCN red list of threatened species.[2016- 10-01].http://www.iucnredlist.org/.
[5] 郑作新.中国的鹤类.大自然,1980,(2):9- 12.
[6] 李明阳,张称意,吴军,徐婷.扎龙湿地丹顶鹤繁殖生境变化驱动因素分析.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(6):76- 80.
[7] Nakamura F.Biodiversity Conservation Using Umbrella Species:Blakiston′s Fish Owl and the Red-Crowned Crane.Singapore:Springer,2018:1- 247.
[8] Su L Y,Zou H F.Status,threats and conservation needs for the continental population of the Red-crowned Crane.Chinese Birds,2012,3(3):147- 164.
[9] Bird Life International.Species factsheet:Grus japonensis.[2017- 10- 11].http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-crowned-crane-grus-japonensis/text.
[10] 刘景龙,李红雯,林宝庆,刘蕾.向海湿地丹顶鹤种群及生境监测研究.吉林林业科技,2016,45(4):30- 33.
[11] 吴庆明,王磊,朱瑞萍,杨宇博,金洪阳,邹红菲.基于MAXENT模型的丹顶鹤营巢生境适宜性分析——以扎龙保护区为例.生态学报,2016,36(12):3758- 3764.
[12] 邹红菲,吴庆明.扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)巢的内分布型及巢域.生态学报,2009,29(4):1710- 1718.
[13] 秦喜文,张树清,李晓峰,那晓东,潘欣.扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤巢址的空间分布格局分析.湿地科学,2009,7(2):106- 111.
[14] 王志强,傅建春.扎龙湿地丹顶鹤巢址空间分布变化及其对环境变化指征.生态环境学报,2010,19(3):697- 700.
[15] 周海涛.基于MAXENT模型的扎龙湿地丹顶鹤栖息地适宜性评价[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2016.
[16] 李枫,杨红军,张洪海,高中信.扎龙湿地丹顶鹤巢址选择研究.东北林业大学学报,1999,27(6):57- 60.
[17] 王磊.基于3S技术的扎龙保护区丹顶鹤营巢生境适宜性分析[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[18] 沃晓棠,黄智超,孙彦坤,玄明君,王鼎震.扎龙湿地近50年温度和降水年际变化分析.东北农业大学学报,2010,41(5):61- 65.
[19] 吴伟伟,顾莎莎,吴军,曹铭昌,雷军成,徐海根.气候变化对我国丹顶鹤繁殖地分布的影响.生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(3):243- 248.
[20] 徐婷.气候变化对东北丹顶鹤繁殖生境影响评价研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[21] 张艳红,何春光.基于GIS扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤适宜生境动态变化.东北林业大学学报,2009,37(4):43- 45.
[22] 刘宇轩,王翠珍.基于LANDSAT数据的湿地动态变化特征研究——莫莫格保护区.哈尔滨师范大学:自然科学学报,2016,32(3):112- 118.
[23] 周大庆,高军,钱者东,张昊楠,徐网谷,蒋明康.中国脊椎动物就地保护状况评估.生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(1):7- 12.
[24] 吕士成,赵永强,张亚楠.2015年冬我国境内丹顶鹤越冬种群现状与保护对策探讨.中国鹤类通讯,2017,21(1):1- 4.
[25] Kisup L,Seunghwa Y.韩国丹顶鹤种群数量增长及保护现状.中国鹤类通讯,2010,14(1):24- 25.
[26] McGarigal K,Cushman S A,Ene E.FRAGSTATS V4:spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps.Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts,Amherst.[2018-04-06].http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
[27] Pan D Y,Domon G,de Blois S,Bouchard A.Temporal (1958- 1993) and spatial patterns of land use changes in Haut-Saint-Laurent (Quebec,Canada) and their relation to landscape physical attributes.Landscape Ecology,1999,14(1):35- 52.
[28] Turner M G,Gardner R H.Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology.New York:Springer-Verlag,1991:1- 536.
[29] Hobbs R.Future landscapes and the future of landscape ecology.Landscape and Urban Planning,1997,37(1/2):1- 9.
[30] 张利利,佘济云,李锐,程玉娜.1998～2010年五指山市土地利用景观格局变化分析.西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):221- 225,249- 249.
[31] 张建亮,钱者东,徐网谷,张慧,王智.国家级自然保护区生态系统格局十年变化(2000～2010年)评估.生态学报,2017,37(23):8067- 8076.
[32] 史利江,王圣云,姚晓军,牛俊杰,俞立中.1994～2006年上海市土地利用时空变化特征及驱动力分析.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1468- 1479.
[33] IBM SPSS.IBM SPSS Statistics 19:A Brief Guide.Chicago,IL:SPSS Inc.,2010.
[34] 潘颖,林杰,佟光臣,唐鹏,张金池,顾哲衍.2004～2014年太湖流域植被覆盖时空变化特征.生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(1):37- 45.
[35] 龙泽旭,龚文峰,袁力,李浩.扎龙保护区景观动态变化与丹顶鹤人为干扰分析.野生动物学报,2014,35(4):431- 435.
[36] 张桐菓.基于GIS的扎龙湿地丹顶鹤空间格局及其生境变化研究[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学,2016.
[37] 李浩.扎龙自然保护区土地利用变化及丹顶鹤营巢生境景观连接度评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[38] 胡畔,王宗明,李春景.三江平原国际重要湿地保护有效性遥感评价.延边大学农学学报,2017,39(2):1- 8,22- 22.
[39] 崔桢,沈红,章光新.3个时期莫莫格国家级自然保护区景观格局和湿地水文连通性变化及其驱动因素分析.湿地科学,2016,14(6):866- 873.
[40] 贾雪峰.石油开采活动对莫莫格湿地的生态影响研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2011.
[41] 宋晓林.1950s以来挠力河流域径流特征变化及其影响因素[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2012.
[42] 张弘强,罗春雨,崔玲,李海燕,曲艺,曾星雨,高玉慧.挠力河国家级自然保护区景观格局特征分析.国土与自然资源研究,2017,(5):84- 85.
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