泸沽湖生态系统格局变化及其驱动力
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摘要
运用遥感影像与地理信息系统技术结合,采用生态系统信息分类提取方法和景观指数方法对1990年至2015年泸沽湖风景区生态系统构成与格局变化进行分析,并进一步探析引起各类生态系统变化的驱动力因素,为泸沽湖风景区进一步生态与环境规划提供科学和理论依据。25年间,泸沽湖风景区内主要生态系统类型可分为农田、森林、草地、水域和人居环境等五类生态系统,1990年至2005年,主要表现为农田、森林、草地3个生态系统之间相互转化;2005年至2015年,主要表现为森林、草地、水域生态系统整体流向农田、人居环境系统。总体上泸沽湖景观破碎化与复杂程度呈下降趋势,连通性和整体性逐渐增强,但各生态系统类型之间比例差异增大。农田生态系统变化的主要驱动力是政策导向;森林与草地生态系统变化的主要驱动力是退耕还林还草工程与人类活动;水域生态系统变化主要驱动因素是湿地造林与人类活动入侵;人居环境系统变化的主要驱动因素为人类用地需求的增涨。针对泸沽湖生态系统变化存在的问题提出了相应的规划建议。
The composition and spatial changes of the ecosystems in the Lugu Lake Scenic Area from 1990 to 2015 were analyzed in this study. With the goal of providing a scientific and theoretical basis for ecological and environmental planning in the Lugu lake area, we used the classification and extraction of ecosystem information method and landscape index method to explore the ecosystem spatial changes and their pattern by integrating remote sensing with GIS technology. Furthermore, we analyzed the driving forces behind those changes. During this 25-year period, the main type of ecosystems in the Lugu Lake scenic area could be divided into five types, including farmland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, water ecosystem, and human settlement system. From 1990 to 2005, the conversion between farmland, forest, and grassland ecosystems occurred. However, from 2005 to 2015, extensive areas of forest, grassland, and water ecosystems changed to farmland and human settlement systems. Landscape fragmentation and the complex degree declined, whereas connectivity and integrality of the scenic area was gradually enhanced. However, there was a larger difference between the proportion of each ecosystem type. Policy guidance was the main driving force for the farmland ecosystem. The Returning Farmland to Forest and Grass Project and human activities were the main driving forces for the forest and grassland ecosystems. Wetland afforestation and human activities were the main driving forces for water ecosystem. The increasing demand for human settlements was the main driving force for the human settlement systems. Finally, several planning suggestions were proposed to solve the existing problems in the Lugu lake ecosystems.
The composition and spatial changes of the ecosystems in the Lugu Lake Scenic Area from 1990 to 2015 were analyzed in this study. With the goal of providing a scientific and theoretical basis for ecological and environmental planning in the Lugu lake area, we used the classification and extraction of ecosystem information method and landscape index method to explore the ecosystem spatial changes and their pattern by integrating remote sensing with GIS technology. Furthermore, we analyzed the driving forces behind those changes. During this 25-year period, the main type of ecosystems in the Lugu Lake scenic area could be divided into five types, including farmland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, water ecosystem, and human settlement system. From 1990 to 2005, the conversion between farmland, forest, and grassland ecosystems occurred. However, from 2005 to 2015, extensive areas of forest, grassland, and water ecosystems changed to farmland and human settlement systems. Landscape fragmentation and the complex degree declined, whereas connectivity and integrality of the scenic area was gradually enhanced. However, there was a larger difference between the proportion of each ecosystem type. Policy guidance was the main driving force for the farmland ecosystem. The Returning Farmland to Forest and Grass Project and human activities were the main driving forces for the forest and grassland ecosystems. Wetland afforestation and human activities were the main driving forces for water ecosystem. The increasing demand for human settlements was the main driving force for the human settlement systems. Finally, several planning suggestions were proposed to solve the existing problems in the Lugu lake ecosystems.
引文
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[11] 李雪冬,杨广斌,张旭亚,李冰,王茂阳.基于RS和GIS的喀斯特山区生态系统构成与格局及转化分析——以贵州毕节地区为例.中国岩溶,2014,33(1):82- 90.
[12] Wu G,Zhang Q X,Zheng X X,Mu L F,Dai L M.Water quality of Lugu Lake:changes,causes and measurements.International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,2008,15(1):10- 17.
[13] 李春明,孙晓泽,董仁才,赵景柱.泸沽湖里格生态环境管理决策机制与成效分析.环境科学与技术,2010,33(8):196- 199.
[14] 范弢,胡文英,李捷.泸沽湖景区生态安全评价.云南地理环境研究,2008,20(2):78- 81,93- 93.
[15] Zhao J Z,Jia H Y.Strategies for the sustainable development of Lugu Lake region.International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,2008,15(1):71- 79.
[16] 董云仙,谭志卫,王俊松.泸沽湖生态系统问题分析.环境科学导刊,2011,30(1):39- 43.
[17] 田军,庞云平.泸沽湖生态旅游建设研究.云南环境科学,2001,20(2):8- 11.
[18] 陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观指数分类、应用及构建研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(1):121- 125.
[2] 肖笃宁,布仁仓,刘秀珍.生态空间理论与景观异质性.生态学报,1997,17(5):453- 461.
[3] 欧阳志云.我国生态系统面临的问题与对策.中国国情国力,2017,(3):5- 10.
[4] 傅伯杰,吕一河.生态系统评估的景观生态学基础.资源科学,2006,28(4):5- 5.
[5] Alqurashi A F,Kumar L.Investigating the Use of remote sensing and GIS techniques to detect land use and land cover change:a review.Advances in Remote Sensing,2013,2(2):193- 204.
[6] Parker D C,Manson S M,Janssen M A,Hoffmann M J,Deadman P.Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change:a review.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2003,93(2):314- 337.
[7] Butt A,Shabbir R,Ahmad S S,Aziz N.Land use change mapping and analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS:a case study of Simly watershed,Islamabad,Pakistan.The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science,2015,18(2):251- 259.
[8] Homer C G,Dewitz J,Yang L M,Jin S M,Danielson P,Xian G Z,Coulston J,Herold N,Wickham J,Megown K.Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the Conterminous United States-Representing a Decade of Land Cover Change Information.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2015,81(5):345- 354.
[9] 蒋冲,王德旺,罗上华,李岱青,张林波,高艳妮.三江源区生态系统状况变化及其成因.环境科学研究,2017,30(1):10- 19.
[10] 邓伟,刘红,袁兴中,张跃伟,齐静.三峡库区水源涵养重要区生态系统格局动态演变特征.长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(4):661- 668.
[11] 李雪冬,杨广斌,张旭亚,李冰,王茂阳.基于RS和GIS的喀斯特山区生态系统构成与格局及转化分析——以贵州毕节地区为例.中国岩溶,2014,33(1):82- 90.
[12] Wu G,Zhang Q X,Zheng X X,Mu L F,Dai L M.Water quality of Lugu Lake:changes,causes and measurements.International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,2008,15(1):10- 17.
[13] 李春明,孙晓泽,董仁才,赵景柱.泸沽湖里格生态环境管理决策机制与成效分析.环境科学与技术,2010,33(8):196- 199.
[14] 范弢,胡文英,李捷.泸沽湖景区生态安全评价.云南地理环境研究,2008,20(2):78- 81,93- 93.
[15] Zhao J Z,Jia H Y.Strategies for the sustainable development of Lugu Lake region.International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,2008,15(1):71- 79.
[16] 董云仙,谭志卫,王俊松.泸沽湖生态系统问题分析.环境科学导刊,2011,30(1):39- 43.
[17] 田军,庞云平.泸沽湖生态旅游建设研究.云南环境科学,2001,20(2):8- 11.
[18] 陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观指数分类、应用及构建研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(1):121- 125.