北极楚科奇海微微型真核浮游生物群落结构及其环境相关性分析
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摘要
依托2012年夏季中国第5次北极科学考察,对楚科奇海微微型真核浮游生物群落结构及其环境因子相关性进行了分析。结果显示,在纲水平上,该海域的优势类群包括青绿藻clade Ⅱ(37.5%)、金藻纲(36.4%)、沟鞭藻纲(8.9%)、银耳纲(7.1%)、中鼓藻纲(2.4%)和旋毛纲(1.1%);其中微微型真核浮游植物占微微型真核浮游生物的85.2%,显示该群落处于快速生长期。与环境的相关性分析表明,环境因子对微微型真核浮游植物的群落结构有着重要影响。中鼓藻纲与硝酸盐呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与盐度和亚硝酸盐呈显著正相关(P<0.05);青绿藻clade Ⅱ则与硝酸盐呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。这表明,北冰洋的氮限制和海冰快速融化等过程均会影响其中的微微型真核浮游生物群落结构和空间分布,有待未来进一步关注。
Field measurements and samplings were conducted during the 5 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in Summer 2012. Pyrosequencing was used to study the picoeukaryote community structure and correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between picoeukaryotes and environmental factors in the Chukchi Sea. The results show that Mamiellophyceae(37.5%), Chrysophyceae(36.4%), Dinophyceae(8.9%), Tremellomycetes(7.1%), Mediophyceae(2.4%), and Spirotrichea(1.1%) are the dominant groups at the class level. Picophytoplankton accounted for 85.2% of the picoeukaryotes in the Chukchi Sea, which indicates that the community was at the stage of rapid growth. Spearman analysis shows that environmental factors play an important role in the community structure of picophytoplankton. Mediophyceae had a very significant positive correlation with NO_3~–(P < 0.01) and a significant positive correlation with salinity and NO_2~–(P < 0.05). NO_3~– had a significant negative influence on Mamiellophyceae(P < 0.05). The results suggest that the nitrogen limitation of the Arctic Ocean and the rapidly melting sea ice affect the structure and spatial distribution of picoeukaryotes and that further attention is needed in the future.
Field measurements and samplings were conducted during the 5 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in Summer 2012. Pyrosequencing was used to study the picoeukaryote community structure and correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between picoeukaryotes and environmental factors in the Chukchi Sea. The results show that Mamiellophyceae(37.5%), Chrysophyceae(36.4%), Dinophyceae(8.9%), Tremellomycetes(7.1%), Mediophyceae(2.4%), and Spirotrichea(1.1%) are the dominant groups at the class level. Picophytoplankton accounted for 85.2% of the picoeukaryotes in the Chukchi Sea, which indicates that the community was at the stage of rapid growth. Spearman analysis shows that environmental factors play an important role in the community structure of picophytoplankton. Mediophyceae had a very significant positive correlation with NO_3~–(P < 0.01) and a significant positive correlation with salinity and NO_2~–(P < 0.05). NO_3~– had a significant negative influence on Mamiellophyceae(P < 0.05). The results suggest that the nitrogen limitation of the Arctic Ocean and the rapidly melting sea ice affect the structure and spatial distribution of picoeukaryotes and that further attention is needed in the future.
引文
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30 HASSETT B T,DUCLUZEAU A,COLLINS R E,et al.Spatial distribution of aquatic marine fungi across the western Arctic and sub-arctic[J].Environmental Microbiology,2017,19(2):475-484.
31 R?M?T,HASSETT B T AND BUBNOVA E.Arctic marine fungi:from filaments and flagella to operational taxonomic units and beyond[J].Botanica Marina,2017,60(4):433-452.
32高小艳.北极海域微型浮游真核生物的多样性、生态分布及微微型青绿藻(picoprasinophytes)的生态地位[D].武汉:华中农业大学.2011.
33 ZHANG F,HE J,LIN L,et al.Dominance of picophytoplankton in the newly open surface water of the central Arctic Ocean[J].Polar Biology,2015,38(7):1081-1089.
34王桂忠,何剑锋,蔡明红.北冰洋海冰和海水变异对海洋生态系统的潜在影响[J].极地研究,2005,17(3):165-172.
35 LUO W,LI H,CAI M,et al.Diversity of microbial eukaryotes in Kongsfjorden,Svalbard[J].Hydrobiologia,2009,636(1):233-248.
36何剑锋.北极浮冰生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):750-754.
37 KIRCHMAN D L,MORáN X A,DUCKLOW H.Microbial growth in the polar oceans-role of temperature and potential impact of climate change[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2009,7(6):451-459.
2 BOWLER C,KARL D M,COLWELL R R,et al.Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity[J].Nature,2009,459(7244):180-184.
3 VINCENT W F.Microbial ecosystem responses to rapid climate change in the Arctic[J].The ISME Journal,2010,4(9):1087-1090.
4 BOOTH B C,HORNERRIT R A.Microalgae on the Arctic Ocean Section,1994:species abundance and biomass[J].Deep Sea Research Part II.Topical Studies in Oceanography,1997,44(8):1607-1622.
5 ANDERSEN P.The quantitative importance of the microbial loop in the marine pelagic:a case study from the North Bering/Chukchi Seas[J].Archivffir Hydrobiologie Beihefte,1988,31(2):243-251.
6 PARTENSKY F,GUILLOU L,SIMON N,et al.Recent advances in the use of molecular techniques to assess the genetic diversity of marine photosynthetic microorganisms[J].Vie Et Milieu,1997,47(47):367-374.
7汪岷,江雪娇.海洋微微型真核生物分子多样性的研究方法[J].中国海洋大学学报,2009,39(4):627-632.
8高郭平,董兆乾,侍茂崇.1999年夏季中国首次北极考察水团特征[J].极地研究,2003,12(1):11-20.
9张芳,何剑锋,郭超颖,等.夏季北冰洋楚科奇海微微型、微型浮游植物和细菌的丰度分布特征及其与水团的关系[J].极地研究,2012,24(3):238-246.
10 STEWARD G F,SMITH D C,AZAM F.Abundance and production of bacteria and viruses in the Bering and Chukchi Seas[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1996,131:287-300.
11刘莹.夏季北冰洋海域微微型和微型浮游生物的多样性及其群落结构研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.
12 CARMACK E C,MACDONALD R W.Oceanography of the Canadian shelf of the Beaufort Sea:a setting for marine life[J].Arctic,2002,55(1):29-45.
13 COTTRELL M T,KIRCHMAN D L.Photoheterotrophic microbes in the Arctic Ocean in summer and winter[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(15):4958-4966.
14 ALJANABI S M,MARTINEZ I.Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR-based techniques[J].Nucleic Acids Research,1997,25(22):4692-4693.
15 STOECK T,BASS D,NEBEL M,et al.Multiple marker parallel tag environmental DNA sequencing reveals a highly complex eukaryotic community in marine anoxic water[J].Molecular Ecology.2010,19(s1):21-31.
16 SCHLOSS I R,NOZAIS C,MAS S,et al.Picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton abundance and distribution in the southeastern Beaufort Sea(Mackenzie Shelf and Amundsen Gulf)during fall 2002[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2008,74(3-4):978-993.
17 SAMBROTTO R N,GOERING J J,McRoy C P.Large yearly production of phytoplankton in the western Bering Strait[J].Science,1984,255(4667):1147-1150.
18 FOULON E,NOT F,JALABERT F,et al.Ecological niche partitioning in the picoplanktonic green alga Micromonas pusilla:evidence from environmental surveys using phylogenetic probes[J].Environmental Microbiology,2008,10(9):2433-2443.
19 MOSTAJIR B,GOSSELIN M,GRATTON Y,et al.Surface water distribution of pico-and nanophytoplankton in relation to two distinctive water masses in the North Water,northern Baffin Bay,during fall[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,2001,23(2):205-212.
20 BOOTH B C,SMITH W O.Autotrophic flagellates and diatoms in the Northeast Water polynya,Greenland:summer 1993[J].Journal of Marine Systems,1997,10(1-4):241-261.
21 LOVEJOY C,VINCENT W F,BONILLA S,et al.Distribution,phylogeny and growth of cold-adapted picoprasinophytes in Arctic seas[J].Journal of Phycology,2007,43(1):78-89.
22 NOT F,RAMON M,MIKEL L,et al.Late summer community composition and abundance of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in Norwegian and Barents Seas[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(5):1677-1686.
23 LI W K W,MCLAUGHLIN F A,LOVEJOY C,et al.Smallest algae thrive as the Arctic Ocean freshens[J].Science,2009,326(5952):539-539.
24 LOVEJOY C,MASSANA R,PEDROSALIO C,et al.Diversity and distribution of marine microbial eukaryotes in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(5):3085-3095.
25 PARANJAPE M A.Grazing by microzooplankton in the eastern Canadian Arctic in summer 1983[J].Marine Ecology:Progress Series,1987,40(3):239-246.
26 NIELSEN T G,HANSEN B.Plankton community structure and carbon cycling on the western coast of Greenland during and after the sedimentation of a diatom bloom[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1995,125(1-3):239-257.
27 ONDA D F L,MEDRINA E,THALER M,et al.Seasonal and interannual changes in ciliate and dinoflagellate species assemblages in the Arctic Ocean(Amundsen Gulf,Beaufort Sea,Canada)[J].Froniters in Marine Science,2017,4(16):1-14.
28 MAJANEVA M,RINTALA J M,PIISIL?M,et al.Comparison of wintertime eukaryotic community from sea ice and open water in the Baltic Sea,based on sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene[J].Polar Biology.2012,35(6):875-889.
29 HASSETT B T,GRADINGER R.Chytrids dominate arctic marine fungal communities[J].Environmental Microbiology,2016,18(6):2001-2009.
30 HASSETT B T,DUCLUZEAU A,COLLINS R E,et al.Spatial distribution of aquatic marine fungi across the western Arctic and sub-arctic[J].Environmental Microbiology,2017,19(2):475-484.
31 R?M?T,HASSETT B T AND BUBNOVA E.Arctic marine fungi:from filaments and flagella to operational taxonomic units and beyond[J].Botanica Marina,2017,60(4):433-452.
32高小艳.北极海域微型浮游真核生物的多样性、生态分布及微微型青绿藻(picoprasinophytes)的生态地位[D].武汉:华中农业大学.2011.
33 ZHANG F,HE J,LIN L,et al.Dominance of picophytoplankton in the newly open surface water of the central Arctic Ocean[J].Polar Biology,2015,38(7):1081-1089.
34王桂忠,何剑锋,蔡明红.北冰洋海冰和海水变异对海洋生态系统的潜在影响[J].极地研究,2005,17(3):165-172.
35 LUO W,LI H,CAI M,et al.Diversity of microbial eukaryotes in Kongsfjorden,Svalbard[J].Hydrobiologia,2009,636(1):233-248.
36何剑锋.北极浮冰生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):750-754.
37 KIRCHMAN D L,MORáN X A,DUCKLOW H.Microbial growth in the polar oceans-role of temperature and potential impact of climate change[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2009,7(6):451-459.
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