刺鲃幼鱼消化系统形态学和组织学研究
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摘要
采用活体解剖、测量、组织学、组织化学等方法,对采自江西宜春锦河的51尾刺鲃(Spinibarbus caldwelli)幼鱼消化系统组织和形态学进行了研究。结果表明:(1)刺鲃消化腺包括胆囊、肝脏和胰脏,消化道包括口咽腔、食道、肠和肛门,无胃;(2)口亚下位,口咽腔占头长比例很大,均值为0.92;口裂长/吻长均值为0.86。口咽腔上皮为复层鳞状上皮,含有大量的黏液分泌细胞和味蕾结构;(3)食道粗短,前段有味蕾,内壁有较深的纵向褶皱;肌层发达,内外肌层间分布有发达的有髓鞘神经纤维丛;黏膜下层有发达的黏膜肌,黏膜层内有大量的杯状细胞、黏液分泌细胞,还有柱状上皮区域,游离面具有纹状缘;(4)肠盘曲7次,分为前肠、中肠和后肠,前肠和中后肠黏膜皱褶数量、黏膜皱褶高度、柱状上皮细胞高度显著减少(P<0.05);肠道各段肌层厚度有极显著差异(P<0.01);杯状细胞的数量从前肠往后肠呈高-低-高趋势,后肠数量最多,前后肠与中肠有显著差异(P<0.05);肠道系数为(2.07±0.03);(5)食道及肠道各段粘膜上皮中下层发现数量较多嗜伊红颗粒细胞;(6)肝不分页,为长条形,胆囊被肝包围,比肝胰脏重(1.37±0.06)%。胰脏散布于肝脏、胆囊及消化管系膜周围,少量组织分布于肝门静脉周围形成肝胰脏;数个大小不一的独立Brockmann小体散布在食管及前肠连接部周围;(7)肠长(Y)与全长(L)的关系呈线性相关:Y=2.1048L-0.474(R2=0.669,F1,49=99.05,P<0.01),锦河刺鲃幼鱼肠道特征为杂食性偏植食性。
Spinibarbus caldwelli(Nichols,1925)belongs to Spinibarbus,barbinae and Cypriniformes,and are primarily distributed in the waters of southern China.As a newly cultured freshwater fish species,it has great economic value and breeding prospects due to its large size,high meat quality and strong resistance to disease.In this study,we characterized the morphology and histology of the S.caldwelli digestive system,aiming to explore the relationship between the structure and function of the digestive system,and the mechanisms for digestion and absorption.The study provides a theoretical basis for nutrition research and improving culture technology of S.caldwelli.Wild S.caldwelli individuals of total length10.80-24.20 cm and body weight 15.40-174.80 g were collected from the Shanggao section of Jinghe River in Yichun,Jiangxi Province.The morphological and histological features of the digestive system for 51 specimens were studied using methods from anatomy,histology and histochemistry.The features of the digestive system of S.caldwelli are as follows:(1)The digestive system includes two parts:the digestive tract and digestive glands.The digestive tract consists of oropharyngeal cavity,esophagus,intestine and anus,but there is no stomach.The digestive glands include the liver,pancreas and gallbladder.(2)The mouth is low and U-shaped and the snout is round and blunt.The mucosal surface of the oropharyngeal cavity is covered with squamous epithelial cells with a large number of mucus-secreting cells and small taste buds.(3)The esophagus is short and lined with squamous epithelial cells,numerous mucus secreting cells,goblet cells and the inner wall of deep longitudinal folds.The lamina propria is formed of loose connective tissue followed by a submucosa of dense connective tissue with no glands.Muscularis mucosae are observed between the lamina propria and the submucosae.The muscle layer contains myelin nerve fibers in the inner and outer layers of muscle.(4)The intestine coils 7 times and can be divided into three parts:foregut,midgut and hindgut.There are significant differences between the anterior and middle posterior segments of the intestine,including tube diameter,number and height of mucosal folds,thickness of the muscle layer,thickness of the serous membrane,number of goblet cells,and the height of resorption cells(P<0.05).The average intestinal coefficient of S.caldwelli is approximately(2.07±0.03).(5)A large number of granular cells,positive to eosin stain,are found in the mucosal layer of the esophagus and intestine.(6)The liver has a long strip shape with no leaves and the liver and pancreas are formed along the hepatic portal vein.The gallbladder is surrounded by the liver and the pancreas is scattered around the liver,gallbladder and mesentery.Brockmann bodies of different size are scattered at the junction of the esophagus and foregut.(7)The intestine length(Y)of S.caldwelli is a linear function of total body length(L)and can be expressed as:Y=2.1048 L-0.474,(R2=0.669,F1,49=99.05,P<0.01).In summary,our results indicate that S.caldwelli in Jinghe River is a typical omnivorous-herbivorous fish species.
Spinibarbus caldwelli(Nichols,1925)belongs to Spinibarbus,barbinae and Cypriniformes,and are primarily distributed in the waters of southern China.As a newly cultured freshwater fish species,it has great economic value and breeding prospects due to its large size,high meat quality and strong resistance to disease.In this study,we characterized the morphology and histology of the S.caldwelli digestive system,aiming to explore the relationship between the structure and function of the digestive system,and the mechanisms for digestion and absorption.The study provides a theoretical basis for nutrition research and improving culture technology of S.caldwelli.Wild S.caldwelli individuals of total length10.80-24.20 cm and body weight 15.40-174.80 g were collected from the Shanggao section of Jinghe River in Yichun,Jiangxi Province.The morphological and histological features of the digestive system for 51 specimens were studied using methods from anatomy,histology and histochemistry.The features of the digestive system of S.caldwelli are as follows:(1)The digestive system includes two parts:the digestive tract and digestive glands.The digestive tract consists of oropharyngeal cavity,esophagus,intestine and anus,but there is no stomach.The digestive glands include the liver,pancreas and gallbladder.(2)The mouth is low and U-shaped and the snout is round and blunt.The mucosal surface of the oropharyngeal cavity is covered with squamous epithelial cells with a large number of mucus-secreting cells and small taste buds.(3)The esophagus is short and lined with squamous epithelial cells,numerous mucus secreting cells,goblet cells and the inner wall of deep longitudinal folds.The lamina propria is formed of loose connective tissue followed by a submucosa of dense connective tissue with no glands.Muscularis mucosae are observed between the lamina propria and the submucosae.The muscle layer contains myelin nerve fibers in the inner and outer layers of muscle.(4)The intestine coils 7 times and can be divided into three parts:foregut,midgut and hindgut.There are significant differences between the anterior and middle posterior segments of the intestine,including tube diameter,number and height of mucosal folds,thickness of the muscle layer,thickness of the serous membrane,number of goblet cells,and the height of resorption cells(P<0.05).The average intestinal coefficient of S.caldwelli is approximately(2.07±0.03).(5)A large number of granular cells,positive to eosin stain,are found in the mucosal layer of the esophagus and intestine.(6)The liver has a long strip shape with no leaves and the liver and pancreas are formed along the hepatic portal vein.The gallbladder is surrounded by the liver and the pancreas is scattered around the liver,gallbladder and mesentery.Brockmann bodies of different size are scattered at the junction of the esophagus and foregut.(7)The intestine length(Y)of S.caldwelli is a linear function of total body length(L)and can be expressed as:Y=2.1048 L-0.474,(R2=0.669,F1,49=99.05,P<0.01).In summary,our results indicate that S.caldwelli in Jinghe River is a typical omnivorous-herbivorous fish species.
引文
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黄峰,严安生,张桂蓉,等,2000.大口鲇仔鱼消化道的组织学观察[J].华中农业大学学报,19(1):59-63.
黄种持,黄柳婷,林学文,等,2008.黑脊倒刺鲃线粒体DNA多样性分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),38(2):259-262,220.
贾砾,普炯,苏胜齐,等,2013.犁头鳅消化系统的解剖[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),38(5):83-87.
黎臻,张饮江,张乐婷,等,2013.光倒刺鲃对水绵、轮叶黑藻、金鱼藻的摄食选择性及对水质影响[J].水生生物学报,37(4):735-743.
李红敬,2007.珠江水系黑脊倒刺鱼巴的食性研究[J].安徽农业科学,35(24):7482-7483.
李萍,金丽,匡刚桥,2010.斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)消化系统形态学和组织学的初步研究[J].湖北农业科学,49(4):929-932.
林丹军,尤永隆,苏敏,2003.黑脊倒刺鲃精巢结构和精子发生的研究[J].水生生物学报,27(6):563-571.
林浩然,1962.五种不同食性鲤科鱼类消化道[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),(3):65-78.
林浩然,2007.鱼类生理学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社:36-56.
刘怀如,2002.南方鲇胰腺组织结构及胰腺泡的超微结构[J].中国水产科学,9(4):293-295.
刘怀如,张耀光,2002.南方鲇消化道杯状细胞分布及类型探讨[J].四川动物,21(1):6-8.
刘云,姜国良,姜明,等,2001.牙鲆肠淋巴样组织免疫细胞研究I:颗粒细胞的超微结构[J].海洋湖沼通报,(1):13-14.
楼允东,1998.组织胚胎学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,95-114.
栾雅文,张广忠,陈路,等,2003.胡子鲶消化道组织学的初步研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),34(2):203-206.
孟庆闻,苏锦祥,1987.鱼类比较解剖学[M].北京:科学出版社:168-174.
倪达书,洪雪峰,1963.草鱼消化道组织学的研究[J].水生生物学集刊,(3):1-24.
潘黔生,郭广全,方之平,等,1996.6种有胃真骨鱼消化系统比较解剖的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,(5):63-69.
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