3种基质材料对高浓度养殖废水处理效果及降解过程
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摘要
养殖场直排废水负荷高,易造成湿地植物无法生长、处理效率低等问题.为使养殖废水通过前端生态治理技术,出水达到湿地植物耐受范围,探索高效利用作物秸秆,降低污染负荷的可行性,开展野外控制实验,对比分析了三大粮食作物秸秆——麦秸、稻草和玉米秆对猪场废水N、P的吸附去除效率.三级基质池各填充12. 5 kg干秸秆,设定连续式进水,水力停留时间7 d.结果表明,在进水COD、TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和TP平均质量浓度分别为1 652. 83、371. 31、303. 51、0. 67和65. 22 mg·L~(-1)时,麦秸对COD、TN和TP的去除效果最好,去除率分别为32. 1%、40. 9%和33. 3%,稻草对NH_4~+-N的去除效果最好,去除率达到43. 4%.经180 d处理后3种基质材料木质素、纤维素和半纤维素均未完全分解.各种基质材料木质素降解速率低于纤维素与半纤维素,且稻草中木质素和纤维素降解最快,麦秆中半纤维素降解最快.结果表明,麦秆和稻草对去除高浓度养殖废水污染物效果均好于玉米秆,并且建议基质材料更换周期为5个月,可为生物基质材料运用于养殖废水处理提供数据支撑.
The direct discharge of wastewater from pig farms can restrict wetland plant growth meaning that constructed wetlands( CWs) have generally low treatment efficiency. The treatment of farming wastewater using pre-ecological treatment technologies can be used to ensure that effluent concentrations reach the tolerable limits of wetland plants. This study focused on the efficient use of crop straw for reducing the pollution load of swine wastewater. Using field-scale pilot tests,wheat straw,straw,and corn stalk were used as test biological matrix pool fillers to treat the farming wastewater. Continuous intake of wastewater and a hydraulic retention time of 7 days was adopted. When the average concentrations of COD,TN,NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,and TP in the influent were 1 652. 83 mg·L~(-1),371. 31 mg·L~(-1),303. 51 mg·L~(-1),0. 67 mg·L~(-1),and 65. 22 mg·L~(-1),respectively,wheat straw had the greatest removal effect on COD,TN,and TP,achieving a removal rate of 32. 1%,40. 9%,and 33. 3%,respectively. The removal efficiency of straw on NH_4~+-N was highest,reaching 43. 4%. After 180 days,the lignin,cellulose,and hemicellulose of the three matrix materials were not completely decomposed. The degradation rate of lignin was lower than for cellulose and hemicellulose; the degradation of lignin and cellulose in the straw was fastest; and the degradation hemicellulose in wheat straw was fastest. The results show that wheat straw and straw offer a higher efficiency treatment for swine wastewater than corn stalk,and the suggested replacement cycle period is five months. These results provide initial data to support the application of biological matrix materials in the treatment of swine wastewater.
The direct discharge of wastewater from pig farms can restrict wetland plant growth meaning that constructed wetlands( CWs) have generally low treatment efficiency. The treatment of farming wastewater using pre-ecological treatment technologies can be used to ensure that effluent concentrations reach the tolerable limits of wetland plants. This study focused on the efficient use of crop straw for reducing the pollution load of swine wastewater. Using field-scale pilot tests,wheat straw,straw,and corn stalk were used as test biological matrix pool fillers to treat the farming wastewater. Continuous intake of wastewater and a hydraulic retention time of 7 days was adopted. When the average concentrations of COD,TN,NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,and TP in the influent were 1 652. 83 mg·L~(-1),371. 31 mg·L~(-1),303. 51 mg·L~(-1),0. 67 mg·L~(-1),and 65. 22 mg·L~(-1),respectively,wheat straw had the greatest removal effect on COD,TN,and TP,achieving a removal rate of 32. 1%,40. 9%,and 33. 3%,respectively. The removal efficiency of straw on NH_4~+-N was highest,reaching 43. 4%. After 180 days,the lignin,cellulose,and hemicellulose of the three matrix materials were not completely decomposed. The degradation rate of lignin was lower than for cellulose and hemicellulose; the degradation of lignin and cellulose in the straw was fastest; and the degradation hemicellulose in wheat straw was fastest. The results show that wheat straw and straw offer a higher efficiency treatment for swine wastewater than corn stalk,and the suggested replacement cycle period is five months. These results provide initial data to support the application of biological matrix materials in the treatment of swine wastewater.
引文
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[13]孟岑,李裕元,吴金水,等.亚热带典型小流域总氮最大日负荷(TMDL)及影响因子研究---以金井河流域为例[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):700-709.Meng C,Li Y Y,Wu J S,et al.Study on total nitrogen TMDLand its contributing factors in typical subtropical watersheds:a case study of Jinjinghe watershed[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):700-709.
[14]李红芳,刘锋,肖润林,等.水生植物对生态沟渠底泥磷吸附特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):157-163.Li H F,Liu F,Xiao R L,et al.Effects of aquatic plants on phosphorus adsorption characteristics by sediments in ecological ditches[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(1):157-163.
[15]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[16]李远航,刘洋,刘铭羽,等.稻草-绿狐尾藻复合人工湿地技术处理养猪废水综合效益分析[J].农业现代化研究,2018,39(2):325-334.Li Y H,Liu Y,Liu M Y,et al.Integrated benefit analysis of a combined constructed wetland using rice-straw and Myriophyllum elatinoides to treat swine wastewater[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2018,39(2):325-334.
[17]Duguid K B,Montross M D,Radtke C W,et al.Effect of anatomical fractionation on the enzymatic hydrolysis of acid and alkaline pretreated corn stover[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(21):5189-5195.
[18]徐伟锋,孙力平,古建国,等.DO对同步硝化反硝化影响及动力学[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(1):8-10.Xu W F,Sun L P,Gu J G,et al.Effect of DO simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and kinetic equation[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2003,16(1):8-10.
[19]Liu F,Zhang S N,Wang Y,et al.Nitrogen removal and mass balance in newly-formed Myriophyllum aquaticum mesocosm during a single 28-day incubation with swine wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,166:596-604.
[20]赵发敏.人工湿地填料基质去除氨氮和磷最优配比及影响因素研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2011.
[21]徐伟锋,陈银广,顾国维,等.A2/O污水处理工艺中基质转化机理研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(11):2228-2232.Xu W F,Chen Y G,Gu G W,et al.Research on substrate transformation mechanism in A2/O process[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(11):2228-2232.
[22]Zhang S N,Liu F,Xiao R L,et al.Effects of vegetation on ammonium removal and nitrous oxide emissions from pilot-scale drainage ditches[J].Aquatic Botany,2016,130:37-44.
[23]贾亚红.植物缓释碳源用于人工湿地去除污水厂尾水中硝态氮的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2013.
[24]Zhou X,Wang X Z,Zhang H,et al.Enhanced nitrogen removal of low C/N domestic wastewater using a biochar-amended aerated vertical flow constructed wetland[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,241:269-275.
[25]陈广银,郑正,罗艳,等.碱处理对秸秆厌氧消化的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(9):2208-2213.Chen G Y,Zheng Z,Luo Y,et al.Effect of Alkaline treatment on anaerobic digestion of rice straw[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(9):2208-2213.
[2]陈永华,吴晓芙,陈明利,等.人工湿地污水处理系统冬季植物的筛选与评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(8):1789-1794.Chen Y H,Wu X F,Chen M L,et al.Selection of winter plant species for wetlands constructed as sewage treatment systems and evaluation of their wastewater purification potentials[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(8):1789-1794.
[3]Shen Z Q,Zhou Y X,Wang J L.Comparison of denitrification performance and microbial diversity using starch/polylactic acid blends and ethanol as electron donor for nitrate removal[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,131:33-39.
[4]Wang X M,Wang J L.Nitrate removal from groundwater using solid-phase denitrification process without inoculating with external microorganisms[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2013,10(5):955-960.
[5]Liu D Z,Li J W,Li C W,et al.Poly(butylene succinate)/bamboo powder blends as solid-phase carbon source and biofilm carrier for denitrifying biofilters treating wastewater from recirculating aquaculture system[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):3289.
[6]孙丽丽,李文英,李夏,等.固废生物炭净化处理猪场废水研究初探[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(23):122-126.Sun L L,Li W Y,Li X,et al.Purification effect of solid waste biochar on intensive piggery wastewater[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(23):122-126.
[7]徐德福,潘潜澄,李映雪,等.生物炭对人工湿地植物根系形态特征及净化能力的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(7):3187-3193.Xu D F,Pan Q C,Li Y X,et al.Effect of biochar on root morphological characteristics of wetland plants and purification capacity of constructed wetland[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(7):3187-3193.
[8]段婧婧,薛利红,尹爱经,等.添加生物炭的水芹湿地对农村低污染水的净化研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):353-361.Duan J J,Xue L H,Yin A J,et al.Rural low-pollution wastewater purification in Oenanthe javanica wetland with biochar addition[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(2):353-361.
[9]Wang J L,Chu L B.Biological nitrate removal from water and wastewater by solid-phase denitrification process[J].Biotechnology Advances,2016,34(6):1103-1112.
[10]周卿伟,祝惠,阎百兴,等.添加填料的人工湿地反硝化过程研究[J].湿地科学,2017,15(4):588-594.Zhou Q W,Zhu H,Yan B X,et al.Process of denitrification in constructed wetlands with adding filler[J].Wetland Science,2017,15(4):588-594.
[11]Li X,Zhang M M,Liu F,et al.The significance of Myriophyllum elatinoides for swine wastewater treatment:abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in sediments[J].PLo S One,2015,10(10):e0139778.
[12]李裕元,刘锋,吴金水,等.一种利用稻草处理养猪场废水的方法[P].中国专利:CN 201310314561.4,2015-03-04.
[13]孟岑,李裕元,吴金水,等.亚热带典型小流域总氮最大日负荷(TMDL)及影响因子研究---以金井河流域为例[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):700-709.Meng C,Li Y Y,Wu J S,et al.Study on total nitrogen TMDLand its contributing factors in typical subtropical watersheds:a case study of Jinjinghe watershed[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):700-709.
[14]李红芳,刘锋,肖润林,等.水生植物对生态沟渠底泥磷吸附特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):157-163.Li H F,Liu F,Xiao R L,et al.Effects of aquatic plants on phosphorus adsorption characteristics by sediments in ecological ditches[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(1):157-163.
[15]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[16]李远航,刘洋,刘铭羽,等.稻草-绿狐尾藻复合人工湿地技术处理养猪废水综合效益分析[J].农业现代化研究,2018,39(2):325-334.Li Y H,Liu Y,Liu M Y,et al.Integrated benefit analysis of a combined constructed wetland using rice-straw and Myriophyllum elatinoides to treat swine wastewater[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2018,39(2):325-334.
[17]Duguid K B,Montross M D,Radtke C W,et al.Effect of anatomical fractionation on the enzymatic hydrolysis of acid and alkaline pretreated corn stover[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(21):5189-5195.
[18]徐伟锋,孙力平,古建国,等.DO对同步硝化反硝化影响及动力学[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(1):8-10.Xu W F,Sun L P,Gu J G,et al.Effect of DO simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and kinetic equation[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2003,16(1):8-10.
[19]Liu F,Zhang S N,Wang Y,et al.Nitrogen removal and mass balance in newly-formed Myriophyllum aquaticum mesocosm during a single 28-day incubation with swine wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,166:596-604.
[20]赵发敏.人工湿地填料基质去除氨氮和磷最优配比及影响因素研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2011.
[21]徐伟锋,陈银广,顾国维,等.A2/O污水处理工艺中基质转化机理研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(11):2228-2232.Xu W F,Chen Y G,Gu G W,et al.Research on substrate transformation mechanism in A2/O process[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(11):2228-2232.
[22]Zhang S N,Liu F,Xiao R L,et al.Effects of vegetation on ammonium removal and nitrous oxide emissions from pilot-scale drainage ditches[J].Aquatic Botany,2016,130:37-44.
[23]贾亚红.植物缓释碳源用于人工湿地去除污水厂尾水中硝态氮的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2013.
[24]Zhou X,Wang X Z,Zhang H,et al.Enhanced nitrogen removal of low C/N domestic wastewater using a biochar-amended aerated vertical flow constructed wetland[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,241:269-275.
[25]陈广银,郑正,罗艳,等.碱处理对秸秆厌氧消化的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(9):2208-2213.Chen G Y,Zheng Z,Luo Y,et al.Effect of Alkaline treatment on anaerobic digestion of rice straw[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(9):2208-2213.
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