呼伦贝尔草原草甸生态功能区建设效益评价
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摘要
生态工程费用效益评价是对生态工程实施有效性及合理性的评估。基于费用效益理论,分析了呼伦贝尔草原草甸生态功能区建设费用投入情况,在区分气候与人类活动因素对生态效益变化的贡献率的基础上,采用遥感和统计数据从生态、经济和社会三个方面评价了该功能区的综合效益,计算功能区建设工程的效益-费用比,综合评估了呼伦贝尔草原草甸生态功能区建设的经济性。结果表明:(1)2010—2014年该功能区重点生态功能区相关领域建设总投入为84.31亿元,其中重点生态功能区建设投入为1.18亿元,占总投入的1.40%;(2)利用残差趋势分析法计算出人类活动因素对研究区产生生态效益变化的贡献率为37.25%,2011—2015年该功能区重点生态功能区建设产生的生态效益为12458.13万元;(3)2011—2015年该功能区重点生态功能区建设产生的经济效益和社会效益分别为4877.74万元和2804.85万元;(4)呼伦贝尔草原草甸生态功能区建设的工程效益-费用比为1.71,效益高于费用,证明该工程具有一定的经济性。研究将为国家重点生态功能区工程的不断完善以及加快推进实现国家重点生态功能区的功能定位提供一定的科学支撑。
The cost-benefit evaluation of ecological engineering is an assessment of the effectiveness and rationality of ecological engineering implementation. Based on the cost-benefit theory, this study analyzed the investment cost of the Hulunbuir grassland meadow ecological function area(HGMEFA). In addition, based on the remote sensing and statistical data, we evaluated the comprehensive benefits of the HGMEFA from ecological, economic, and social perspectives and calculated the benefit-cost ratio of the project to comprehensively evaluate the economic efficiency of HGMEFA construction. The results showed that:(1) From 2010 to 2014, the total investment in the relevant fields of HGMEFA construction was 84.31 hundred million yuan, while the construction cost of the HGMEFA was 1.18 hundred million yuan, accounting for 1.40% of the total investment;(2) The contribution rate of ecological construction was 37.25%, and the ecological benefit of HGMEFA construction from 2011 to 2015 was 1.25 hundred million yuan;(3) The economic and social benefits of HGMEFA construction from 2011 to 2015 were 0.49 hundred million yuan and 0.28 hundred million yuan, respectively;(4) The engineering construction benefit-cost ratio of the HGMEFA was 1.71, with benefits higher than the investments, thereby proving that the project was economical. This study will provide scientific support for continuous improvement of the national key ecological function area project and acceleration of the functional orientation of the national key ecological function area.
The cost-benefit evaluation of ecological engineering is an assessment of the effectiveness and rationality of ecological engineering implementation. Based on the cost-benefit theory, this study analyzed the investment cost of the Hulunbuir grassland meadow ecological function area(HGMEFA). In addition, based on the remote sensing and statistical data, we evaluated the comprehensive benefits of the HGMEFA from ecological, economic, and social perspectives and calculated the benefit-cost ratio of the project to comprehensively evaluate the economic efficiency of HGMEFA construction. The results showed that:(1) From 2010 to 2014, the total investment in the relevant fields of HGMEFA construction was 84.31 hundred million yuan, while the construction cost of the HGMEFA was 1.18 hundred million yuan, accounting for 1.40% of the total investment;(2) The contribution rate of ecological construction was 37.25%, and the ecological benefit of HGMEFA construction from 2011 to 2015 was 1.25 hundred million yuan;(3) The economic and social benefits of HGMEFA construction from 2011 to 2015 were 0.49 hundred million yuan and 0.28 hundred million yuan, respectively;(4) The engineering construction benefit-cost ratio of the HGMEFA was 1.71, with benefits higher than the investments, thereby proving that the project was economical. This study will provide scientific support for continuous improvement of the national key ecological function area project and acceleration of the functional orientation of the national key ecological function area.
引文
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[9] Kronenberg J,Hubacek K.From poverty trap to ecosystem service curse.Sustainability Science,2016,11(6):903-907.
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[11] 黄麟,曹巍,吴丹,巩国丽,赵国松.2000—2010年我国重点生态功能区生态系统变化状况.应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2758-2766.
[12] 何兴元,贾明明,王宗明,任春颖,郑海峰,郭跃东,张新厚,辛晓平.基于遥感的三江平原湿地保护工程成效初步评估.中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):3-10.
[13] 刘国彬,上官周平,姚文艺,杨勤科,赵敏娟,党小虎,郭明航,王国梁,王兵.黄土高原生态工程的生态成效.中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):11-19.
[14] 宋富强,杨改河,冯永忠.黄土高原不同生态类型区退耕还林(草)综合效益评价指标体系构建研究.干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(3):169-174.
[15] 马海芸,雍雅明,刘宗盛.干旱半干旱区退耕还林还草工程效益综合评价——以榆中县为例.草业科学,2012,29(9):1359-1367.
[16] 石益丹,李玉浸,杨殿林,刘红梅,胡跃高.呼伦贝尔草地生态系统服务功能价值评估.农业环境科学学报,2007,(06):2099-2103.
[17] 史小红,赵胜男,孙标,吴用.呼伦贝尔市湿地生态系统固碳量与碳汇潜力评估.中国农村水利水电,2015,(10):26-30+34.
[18] 文都日乐.呼伦贝尔主要草地类型植被特征、土壤特性与微生物多样性研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[19] 孙立达,朱金兆.水土保持林体系综合效益研究与评价.北京:科学出版社,1995:362-377.
[20] 薛达元,包浩生,李文华.长白山自然保护区森林生态系统间接经济价值评估.中国环境科学,1999,19(3):247-252.
[21] 郭伟.北京地区生态系统服务价值遥感估算与景观格局优化预测[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[22] 欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究.生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[23] 国家林业局.LY/T 1721—2008 森林生态系统服务功能评估规范.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[24] Renard K G,Foster G R,Weesies G A,et al.RUSLE:revised universal soil loss equation.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.1991,46(1):30-33.
[25] 侯元兆,王琦.中国森林资源核算研究.世界林业研究,1995,8(3):51-56.
[26] 韩永伟,高吉喜,王宝良,刘成程,汪军,拓学森.黄土高原生态功能区土壤保持功能及其价值.农业工程学报,2012,28(17):78-86.
[27] 国家统计局.中国价格统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[28] 余新晓.水土保持生态服务功能评价方法//中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察总结及水土保持发展战略研讨会论文集.北京:中国水土保持委员会,中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察领导小组,2008:5.
[29] 谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,肖玉,鲁春霞.中国生态系统服务的价值.资源科学,2015,37(9):1740-1746.
[30] Fryrear D W,Saleh A,Bilbro J D.A single eventwind erosion model.Transactions of the ASAE,1998,41(5):1369-1374.
[31] 谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,陈文辉,李士美.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进.自然资源学报,2015,30(8):1243-1254.
[32] 谢宝妮.黄土高原近30年植被覆盖变化及其对气候变化的响应[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[33] 王家庭.教育对我国区域经济增长的贡献——基于31省区面板数据的实证研究.复旦教育论坛,2013,11(3):30-36,42-42.
[34] 范柏乃,张电电.医疗卫生财政支出对经济增长贡献的时空差异——基于1997-2012年30个省级地区面板数据分析.华东经济管理,2014,28(5):56-59.
[2] 侯鹏,翟俊,曹巍,杨旻,蔡明勇,李静.国家重点生态功能区生态状况变化与保护成效评估——以海南岛中部山区国家重点生态功能区为例.地理学报,2018,73(3):429-441.
[3] Young C E,Osborn C T.Costs and benefits of the conservation reserve program.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,45(3):370-373.
[4] Feather P,Hellerstein D.Calibrating benefit function transfer to assess the conservation reserve program.American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1997,79(1):151-162.
[5] Johnson K A,Dalzell B J,Donahue M,Gourevitch J,Johnson D L,Karlovits G S,Keeler B,Smith J T.Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands provide ecosystem service benefits that exceed land rental payment costs.Ecosystem Services,2016,18:175-185.
[6] Dunn C P,Stearns S,F,Guntenspergen G R,Sharpe D M.Ecological benefits of the conservation reserve program.Conservation Biology,1993,7(1):132-139.
[7] Karlen D L,Rosek M J,Gardner J C,Allan D L,Alms M J,Bezdicek D F,Flock M,Huggins D R,Miller B S,Staben M L.Conservation reserve program effects on soil quality indicators.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,54(1):439-444.
[8] Feehan J,Gillmor D A,Culleton N.Effects of an agri-environment scheme on farmland biodiversity in Ireland.Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2005,107(2/3):275-286.
[9] Kronenberg J,Hubacek K.From poverty trap to ecosystem service curse.Sustainability Science,2016,11(6):903-907.
[10] 赖亚飞,朱清科,张宇清,秦伟,李文华.吴旗县退耕还林生态效益价值评估.水土保持学报,2006,20(3):83-87.
[11] 黄麟,曹巍,吴丹,巩国丽,赵国松.2000—2010年我国重点生态功能区生态系统变化状况.应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2758-2766.
[12] 何兴元,贾明明,王宗明,任春颖,郑海峰,郭跃东,张新厚,辛晓平.基于遥感的三江平原湿地保护工程成效初步评估.中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):3-10.
[13] 刘国彬,上官周平,姚文艺,杨勤科,赵敏娟,党小虎,郭明航,王国梁,王兵.黄土高原生态工程的生态成效.中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):11-19.
[14] 宋富强,杨改河,冯永忠.黄土高原不同生态类型区退耕还林(草)综合效益评价指标体系构建研究.干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(3):169-174.
[15] 马海芸,雍雅明,刘宗盛.干旱半干旱区退耕还林还草工程效益综合评价——以榆中县为例.草业科学,2012,29(9):1359-1367.
[16] 石益丹,李玉浸,杨殿林,刘红梅,胡跃高.呼伦贝尔草地生态系统服务功能价值评估.农业环境科学学报,2007,(06):2099-2103.
[17] 史小红,赵胜男,孙标,吴用.呼伦贝尔市湿地生态系统固碳量与碳汇潜力评估.中国农村水利水电,2015,(10):26-30+34.
[18] 文都日乐.呼伦贝尔主要草地类型植被特征、土壤特性与微生物多样性研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[19] 孙立达,朱金兆.水土保持林体系综合效益研究与评价.北京:科学出版社,1995:362-377.
[20] 薛达元,包浩生,李文华.长白山自然保护区森林生态系统间接经济价值评估.中国环境科学,1999,19(3):247-252.
[21] 郭伟.北京地区生态系统服务价值遥感估算与景观格局优化预测[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[22] 欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究.生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[23] 国家林业局.LY/T 1721—2008 森林生态系统服务功能评估规范.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[24] Renard K G,Foster G R,Weesies G A,et al.RUSLE:revised universal soil loss equation.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.1991,46(1):30-33.
[25] 侯元兆,王琦.中国森林资源核算研究.世界林业研究,1995,8(3):51-56.
[26] 韩永伟,高吉喜,王宝良,刘成程,汪军,拓学森.黄土高原生态功能区土壤保持功能及其价值.农业工程学报,2012,28(17):78-86.
[27] 国家统计局.中国价格统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[28] 余新晓.水土保持生态服务功能评价方法//中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察总结及水土保持发展战略研讨会论文集.北京:中国水土保持委员会,中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察领导小组,2008:5.
[29] 谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,肖玉,鲁春霞.中国生态系统服务的价值.资源科学,2015,37(9):1740-1746.
[30] Fryrear D W,Saleh A,Bilbro J D.A single eventwind erosion model.Transactions of the ASAE,1998,41(5):1369-1374.
[31] 谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,陈文辉,李士美.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进.自然资源学报,2015,30(8):1243-1254.
[32] 谢宝妮.黄土高原近30年植被覆盖变化及其对气候变化的响应[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[33] 王家庭.教育对我国区域经济增长的贡献——基于31省区面板数据的实证研究.复旦教育论坛,2013,11(3):30-36,42-42.
[34] 范柏乃,张电电.医疗卫生财政支出对经济增长贡献的时空差异——基于1997-2012年30个省级地区面板数据分析.华东经济管理,2014,28(5):56-59.