长江上游生态功能区划研究
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摘要
生态功能区划对于保障区域生态安全、推动经济社会与生态环境保护的协调发展具有十分重要的意义。长江上游是中国关键生态区域和整个长江流域生态安全的重要屏障,开展长江上游生态功能区划显得至关重要。以长江上游为研究区域,运用GIS空间分析技术,在揭示研究区生态环境敏感性与生态系统服务功能重要性空间分异规律的基础上,以子流域为基本区划单元,采用两步聚类法进行长江上游生态功能区划。研究结果表明:(1)长江上游生态环境整体上处于中度、高度敏感的状态,其中土壤侵蚀敏感性最为突出;(2)长江上游生态系统服务功能总体上呈现较重要、极重要的态势,其中水源涵养和生物多样性保护的贡献较大;(3)长江上游地区可划分为青藏高原生态区、云贵高原生态区和四川盆地生态区3个生态区,进而可细分为7个生态亚区和15个生态功能区。
Ecological function regionalization is of great importance in ensuring regional ecological security and promoting the coordinated development of economic, social and ecological environment. The Upper Yangtze River is such an important ecological security barrier for the key ecological areas of China and the whole Yangtze River Basin that it is very important to carry out its ecological function regionalization. Taking the Upper Yangtze River as the study area, this paper focuses on revealing the spatial pattern of the ecological environment sensitivity and the ecosystem service function by utilizing GIS spatial analysis technologies. Moreover, with the sub basin as the basic division unit, the Upper Yangtze River zones were implemented using the two step clustering method. The results showed that:(1) The ecological environment in the Upper Yangtze River was in a moderate and highly sensitive condition, while the sensitivity of soil erosion was the most prominent.(2) The ecosystem service function in the Upper Yangtze River showed a relatively important and very important situation, while the water conservation and biodiversity conservation were more important.(3) The Upper Yangtze River can be divided into three ecological areas, which are the Qinghai Tibet plateau ecological area, the Yunnan Guizhou plateau ecological area and the Sichuan basin ecological area, which can be further subdivided into seven ecological sub-regions and fifteen ecological function regions.
Ecological function regionalization is of great importance in ensuring regional ecological security and promoting the coordinated development of economic, social and ecological environment. The Upper Yangtze River is such an important ecological security barrier for the key ecological areas of China and the whole Yangtze River Basin that it is very important to carry out its ecological function regionalization. Taking the Upper Yangtze River as the study area, this paper focuses on revealing the spatial pattern of the ecological environment sensitivity and the ecosystem service function by utilizing GIS spatial analysis technologies. Moreover, with the sub basin as the basic division unit, the Upper Yangtze River zones were implemented using the two step clustering method. The results showed that:(1) The ecological environment in the Upper Yangtze River was in a moderate and highly sensitive condition, while the sensitivity of soil erosion was the most prominent.(2) The ecosystem service function in the Upper Yangtze River showed a relatively important and very important situation, while the water conservation and biodiversity conservation were more important.(3) The Upper Yangtze River can be divided into three ecological areas, which are the Qinghai Tibet plateau ecological area, the Yunnan Guizhou plateau ecological area and the Sichuan basin ecological area, which can be further subdivided into seven ecological sub-regions and fifteen ecological function regions.
引文
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[2] 贾良清,欧阳志云,赵同谦,等.安徽省生态功能区划研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):254-260.[JIA Liang-qing,OUYANG Zhi-yun,ZHAO Tong-qian,et al.The Ecological Function Regionalization of Anhui Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(2):254-260.]
[3] WATSON J E M,IWAMURA T,BUTT N.Mapping Vulnerability and Conservation Adaptation Strategies Under Climate Change[J].Nature Climate Change,2013,3(11):989-994.
[4] GELDMANN J,JOPPA L N,BURGESS N D.Mapping Change in Human Pressure Globally on Land and Within Protected Areas[J].Conservation Biology,2014,28(6):1604-1616.
[5] BAILEY R G.Ecoregions:The Ecosystem Geography of the Oceans and Continents[M].2nd ed.New York,USA:Springer,2014:1.
[6] 欧阳志云.中国生态功能区划[J].中国勘察设计,2007(3):21-22.
[7] 国家环境保护总局.生态功能区划暂行规程[S/OL].(2003-08-15)[2018-03-20].http://sts.mep.gov.cn/stbh/stglq/200308/t20030815_90755.shtml.
[8] 环境保护部,中国科学院.全国生态功能区划(修编版)[R/OL].(2015-11-26)[2018-03-20].http://www.mep.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201511/t20151126_317777.htm.
[9] 吴会平.湖南省生态功能区划的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(8):91-95.[WU Hui-ping.The Ecological Function Regionalization of Hunan Province[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2011,31(8):91-95.]
[10] 张欣,徐宗学,殷旭旺,等.济南市水生态功能区划研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):303-310.[ZHANG Xin,XU Zong-xue,YIN Xu-wang,et al.Aquatic Ecosystem Function Zoning in Jinan[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science),2016,52(3):303-310.]
[11] 刘海亮,刘志辉,李诚志,等.干旱生态脆弱区生态功能区划:以新疆策勒县为例[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2013,30(4):465-468.[LIU Hai-liang,LIU Zhi-hui,LI Cheng-zhi,et al.The Arid Ecosystems Fragile Ecological Function Regionalization:A Case Study in Qira,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Science Edition),2013,30(4):465-468.]
[12] 黄艺,蔡佳亮,吕明姬,等.流域水生态功能区划及其关键问题[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1995-2000.[HUANG Yi,CAI Jia-liang,Lü Ming-ji,et al.Aquatic Ecological Function Regionalization at Watershed Scale and Its Key Issues[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(5):1995-2000.]
[13] 高俊刚,吴雪,张镱锂,等.基于等级层次分析法的金沙江下游地区生态功能分区[J].生态学报,2016,36(1):134-147.[GAO Jun-gang,WU Xue,ZHANG Yi-li,et al.Ecological Function Regionalization in the Lower Jinsha River Basin Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(1):134-147.]
[14] 任平,程武学,洪步庭,等.基于PSDR理论框架下长江上游生态系统退化威胁评价与空间分布研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(2):189-194.[REN Ping,CHENG Wu-xue,HONG Bu-ting,et al.Evaluation of Ecosystem Degradation Threat and Study of Spatial Distribution in the Upper Reaches of the Changjiang River Based on PSDR Framework[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(2):189-194.]
[15] 陈治谏.长江上游的战略地位与生态环境功能[J].山地学报,2000,18(3):258-262.[CHEN Zhi-jian.The Strategic Position and the Ecological and Environmental Function of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2000,18(3):258-262.]
[16] 伍星,沈珍瑶,刘瑞民,等.土地利用变化对长江上游生态系统服务价值的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(8):236-241.[WU Xing,SHEN Zhen-yao,LIU Rui-min,et al.Effect of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services Value of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(8):236-241.]
[17] FISHER G,NACHTERGAELE S F,PRIELER S,et al.Global Agro-Ecological Zones Assessment for Agriculture (GAEZ2008)[DS].Laxenburg,Austria:IIASA,2008.
[18] 刘康,欧阳志云,王效科,等.甘肃省生态环境敏感性评价及其空间分布[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2711-2718.[LIU Kang,OUYANG Zhi-yun,WANG Xiao-ke,et al.Eco-Environmental Sensitivity and Its Spatial Distribution in Gansu Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(12):2711-2718.]
[19] 环境保护部,国家发展和改革委员会,水利部.长江经济带生态环境保护规划[R/OL].(2017-07-18)[2018-03-20].http:∥www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201707/t20170718_418053.htm.
[20] 凡非得,王克林,宣勇,等.西南喀斯特区域生态环境敏感性评价及其空间分布[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(11):1394-1399.[FAN Fei-de,WANG Ke-lin,XUAN Yong,et al.Eco-Environmental Sensitivity and Its Spatial Distribution in Karst Regions,Southwest China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(11):1394-1399.]
[21] 尤南山,蒙吉军.基于生态敏感性和生态系统服务的黑河中游生态功能区划与生态系统管理[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(1):186-197.[YOU Nan-shan,MENG Ji-jun.Ecological Functions Regionalization and Ecosystem Management Based on the Ecological Sensitivity and Ecosystem Service in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(1):186-197.]
[22] 周伏建,陈明华,林福兴.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):13-18.[ZHOU Fu-jian,CHEN Ming-hua,LIN Fu-xing.The Rainfall Erosivity Index in Fujian Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,9(1):13-18.]
[23] HULME M,MARSH R,JONES P D.Global Changes in a Humidity Index Between 1931-60 and 1961-90[J].Climate Research,1992,2(1):1-22.
[24] 张国平,张增祥,刘纪远.中国土壤风力侵蚀空间格局及驱动因子分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(2):146-158.[ZHANG Guo-ping,ZHANG Zeng-xiang,LIU Ji-yuan.Spatial Distribution of Aeolian Erosion of Soil and Its Driving Factors in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(2):146-158.]
[25] 李苗苗,吴炳方,颜长珍,等.密云水库上游植被覆盖度的遥感估算[J].资源科学,2004,26(4):153-159.[LI Miao-miao,WU Bing-fang,YAN Chang-zhen,et al.Estimation of Vegetation Fraction in the Upper Basin of Miyun Reservoir by Remote Sensing[J].Resources Science,2004,26(4):153-159.]
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