干旱区露天煤矿粉尘污染对白榆和梭梭叶绿素荧光参数的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究新疆准东露天煤矿开采区的白榆(Ulmus pumila L.)和梭梭[Haloxylon ammedendron(C.A.Mey.)Bunge]叶绿素荧光响应与粉尘覆盖的关系,为干旱荒漠煤炭开采区生态保护提供理论依据。【方法】以白榆和梭梭为试验材料,测定分析其叶绿素荧光参数、叶表面的气孔结构和滞尘量,并利用扫描电镜和激光粒度仪测定植物滞尘颗粒、土壤粉尘和煤粉尘粒径。【结果】①粉尘污染使白榆和梭梭的F_v/F_o和F_v/F_m下降,并对梭梭叶片有显著性影响。②粉尘沉降初期,梭梭的F_m、F_o和F_v变化幅度比白榆大,但未对白榆和梭梭的叶绿素荧光参数造成显著性影响。③白榆中层叶片的F_v/F_m比下层高;随着距污染源距离的增加,梭梭叶片的F_v/F_m逐渐上升。粉尘扩散高度和距离对白榆和梭梭的F_v/F_m均有显著影响④以白榆和梭梭气孔表面单位面积的粉尘颗粒面积与叶表面积比表示植物的滞尘能力,白榆的滞尘能力为14.38%,梭梭的滞尘能力为20.16%。⑤土壤粉尘、煤粉尘和植物叶面尘平均粒径排序为:土壤粉尘(15.93μm)>煤粉尘(5.37μm)>白榆叶面尘(1.83μm)>梭梭叶面尘(1.18μm),因此煤粉尘比土壤粉尘更容易被白榆和梭梭的叶表面吸附。【结论】粉尘在水平和垂直距离上分别会对梭梭和白榆的叶绿素荧光参数造成影响,改变植物的生理生态。
【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the relationship between responses of chlorophyll fluorescence of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammedendron and dust coverage in open-pit coalmine in the East Junggar Basin in Xinjiang area, and provide a theoretical basis for ecological protection of arid desert coal mining areas. 【Method】Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammedendron were selected as the experimental material. The chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal structure of leaf surface and dust deposition in leaves of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammedendron were measured and analyzed. The particle size distribution of the particles of leaf surface, soil and coal were also measured by scanning electron microscopy and laser particle analyzer. 【Result】(i) The dust pollution caused the F_v/F_o and F_v/F_m of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammodendron decline, and had a significant effect on the leaves of Haloxylon ammodendron.(ii) In the early stage of dust deposition, the variation amplitude of F_m, F_o and F_v of Haloxylon Ammodendron was more than Ulmus pumila, but the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon Ammodendron were not significantly affected.(iii) The F_v/F_m of the middle layer of Ulmus pumila was higher than that of the lower layer; the F_v/F_m of the leaves of Haloxylon ammodendron increased gradually with the increase of distance from the pollution source. The dust diffusion height and distance have a significant effect on the F_v/F_m of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammodendron.(iv) According to the ratio of dust particle area to leaf surface area per unit area of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammodendron the ability of adhering dust of Ulmus pumila was 14.38 % and Haloxylon ammedendron was 20.16 %.(v) The particle size was decreased in the order of soil dust(15.93 μm)> coal dust(5.37 μm)>leaf dust of Ulmus pumila(1.83 μm)>leaf dust of Haloxylon ammodendron(1.18 μm), and coal dust is therefore more easily adhered on leaf surfaces of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammodendron than soil dust. 【Conculusion】The dust affects the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Haloxylon ammodendron and Ulmus pumila in horizontal and vertical distances, respectively, and changes the physiological ecology of plants.
【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the relationship between responses of chlorophyll fluorescence of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammedendron and dust coverage in open-pit coalmine in the East Junggar Basin in Xinjiang area, and provide a theoretical basis for ecological protection of arid desert coal mining areas. 【Method】Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammedendron were selected as the experimental material. The chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal structure of leaf surface and dust deposition in leaves of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammedendron were measured and analyzed. The particle size distribution of the particles of leaf surface, soil and coal were also measured by scanning electron microscopy and laser particle analyzer. 【Result】(i) The dust pollution caused the F_v/F_o and F_v/F_m of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammodendron decline, and had a significant effect on the leaves of Haloxylon ammodendron.(ii) In the early stage of dust deposition, the variation amplitude of F_m, F_o and F_v of Haloxylon Ammodendron was more than Ulmus pumila, but the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon Ammodendron were not significantly affected.(iii) The F_v/F_m of the middle layer of Ulmus pumila was higher than that of the lower layer; the F_v/F_m of the leaves of Haloxylon ammodendron increased gradually with the increase of distance from the pollution source. The dust diffusion height and distance have a significant effect on the F_v/F_m of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammodendron.(iv) According to the ratio of dust particle area to leaf surface area per unit area of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammodendron the ability of adhering dust of Ulmus pumila was 14.38 % and Haloxylon ammedendron was 20.16 %.(v) The particle size was decreased in the order of soil dust(15.93 μm)> coal dust(5.37 μm)>leaf dust of Ulmus pumila(1.83 μm)>leaf dust of Haloxylon ammodendron(1.18 μm), and coal dust is therefore more easily adhered on leaf surfaces of Ulmus pumila and Haloxylon ammodendron than soil dust. 【Conculusion】The dust affects the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Haloxylon ammodendron and Ulmus pumila in horizontal and vertical distances, respectively, and changes the physiological ecology of plants.
引文
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[14]祖力克艳,麻那甫,牙库甫江,等.不同沙尘覆盖对3种果树叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(4):757-761.
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[18]肖慧玲.粉尘污染下园林植物的光谱特征及光合特性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[19]S?bπ? A,Popek R,Nawrot B,et al.Plant species differences in particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,427-428(5):347-354.
[20]陈芳,周志翔,郭尔祥,等.城市工业区园林绿地滞尘效应的研究——以武汉钢铁公司厂区绿地为例[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(1):34-38.
[21]刘霞,李海梅.园林植物滞尘效应的研究[J].北方园艺,2007(8):73-76.
[22]赵华军,王立,赵明,等.沙尘暴粉尘对不同作物气体交换特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):202-206.
[23]高金晖.北京市主要植物种滞尘影响机制及其效果研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[24]贾彦,吴超,董春芳,等.7种绿化植物滞尘的微观测定[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(11):4547-4553.
[25]赵松婷,李新宇,李延明.园林植物滞留不同粒径大气颗粒物的特征及规律[J].生态环境学报,2014(2):271-276.
[2]姚俊.粉尘污染对城市典型绿化树种的生理生态影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,2009.
[3]吴春燕,王雪峰.叶面尘对植物反射光谱及生理生态的影响研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014(6):1132-1138.
[4]王曰鑫,吕晋晓.煤粉尘扩散及As积累对土壤和作物的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):30-33.
[5]Hegazy A K.Effects of cement-kiln dust pollution on the vegetation and seed-bank species diversity in the eastern desert of Egypt[J].Environmental Conservation,1996,23(3):249-258.
[6]杨慧玲,魏玲玲,叶学华,等.煤粉尘沉降对鄂尔多斯高原优势植物羊柴幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学报,2016(10):2858-2865.
[7]Burkhardt J.Hygroscopic particles on leaves:nutrients or desiccants?[J].Ecological Monographs,2010,80(3):369-399.
[8]Lundstr?m U S,Bain D C,Taylor A F S,et al.Effects of Acidification and its Mitigation with Lime and Wood Ash on Forest Soil Processes:A Review[J].Water Air & Soil Pollution Focus,2003,3(4):5-28.
[9]李媛媛,周春玲.不同尘源微粒条件下高羊茅的滞尘能力及其生理活性变化[J].中国园林,2010,26(12):25-28.
[10]贾文茹,李生宇,高晓阳,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同种类植物叶面滞尘粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,2014(3):658-665.
[11]王会霞,石辉,王彦辉.典型天气下植物叶面滞尘动态变化[J].生态学报,2015(6):1696-1705.
[12]Cai M,Xin Z,Yu X.Spatio-temporal variations in PM leaf deposition:A meta-analysis[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,231(Pt 1):207-218.
[13]李晓,冯伟,曾晓春.叶绿素荧光分析技术及应用进展[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(10):2186-2196.
[14]祖力克艳,麻那甫,牙库甫江,等.不同沙尘覆盖对3种果树叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(4):757-761.
[15]杜忠.兰州市主要绿化树种对大气污染的生理生态反应[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2007.
[16]Vardaka E,Cook C M,Lanaras T,et al.Effect of dust from a limestone quarry on the photosynthesis of Quercus coccifera,an evergreen Schlerophyllous shrub[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology,1995,54(3):414-419.
[17]刘佳学,周祥,胡世方.城市污染对园林景观植物的影响及其对环境的检测[J].北方园艺,2015(8):64-69.
[18]肖慧玲.粉尘污染下园林植物的光谱特征及光合特性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[19]S?bπ? A,Popek R,Nawrot B,et al.Plant species differences in particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,427-428(5):347-354.
[20]陈芳,周志翔,郭尔祥,等.城市工业区园林绿地滞尘效应的研究——以武汉钢铁公司厂区绿地为例[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(1):34-38.
[21]刘霞,李海梅.园林植物滞尘效应的研究[J].北方园艺,2007(8):73-76.
[22]赵华军,王立,赵明,等.沙尘暴粉尘对不同作物气体交换特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):202-206.
[23]高金晖.北京市主要植物种滞尘影响机制及其效果研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[24]贾彦,吴超,董春芳,等.7种绿化植物滞尘的微观测定[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(11):4547-4553.
[25]赵松婷,李新宇,李延明.园林植物滞留不同粒径大气颗粒物的特征及规律[J].生态环境学报,2014(2):271-276.
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