铁路黄土隧道变形规律及建设管理要点研究
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摘要
黄土隧道施工过程中,常出现支护破坏和隧道塌方等事故。文章基于黄土隧道工程的监控量测数据,采用统计分析方法对不同围岩级别、埋深和含水率下的黄土隧道变形规律进行了研究。结果表明:(1)Ⅳ级围岩黄土隧道拱顶下沉、周边收敛的量值分别集中在50 mm和35 mm以内,Ⅴ级围岩黄土隧道拱顶下沉、周边收敛则集中在60 mm和40 mm以内;(2)Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级围岩双线黄土隧道拱顶下沉和周边收敛变形值与含水率呈正相关关系,变形速率则先增大后减小,在含水量超过16%时变形增大明显;(3)基于拱顶沉降统计,提出Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级围岩黄土隧道设计预留变形量值范围可分别取7～9 cm和12～15 cm;(4)黄土隧道工程建设管理要点是提前梳理重难点工程,施工前严格方案审核,加强地表处理,施工时强化地质预报和监控量测,严格变更设计管理,重点做好工艺管理和施工质量控制。
Support failure and tunnel collapse often occur during construction of loess tunnels. Based on the monitoring and measurement data of railway loess tunnels, a statistical analysis on the deformation laws of loess tunnels with different surrounding rock grades, buried depths and moisture contents were studied, with the results showing that:(1) the values of crown settlements and peripheral convergence of the loess tunnel in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ are almost with in 50 mm and 35 mm respectively, while the values of crown settlements and peripheral convergence of the loess tunnel in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ are almost within 60 mm and 40 mm respectively;(2) the crown settlement and convergence of double-track loess tunnels in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ have a positive relationship with moisture content, deformation rate increases at first and then decreases, and deformation increases obviously when water content exceeds 16%;(3) based on the statistics of crown settlements, it proposed that the range of reserved deformation of loess tunnels in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ should be 7-9 cm and 12-15 cm respectively;(4) the key points of construction management of loess tunnels include identification of key and difficult works, strict construction scheme review before commencement, paying attention to ground surface treatment, enhancing geological forecast, monitoring and measurement during tunnel construction, strict management of the design alteration, construction process and quality.
Support failure and tunnel collapse often occur during construction of loess tunnels. Based on the monitoring and measurement data of railway loess tunnels, a statistical analysis on the deformation laws of loess tunnels with different surrounding rock grades, buried depths and moisture contents were studied, with the results showing that:(1) the values of crown settlements and peripheral convergence of the loess tunnel in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ are almost with in 50 mm and 35 mm respectively, while the values of crown settlements and peripheral convergence of the loess tunnel in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ are almost within 60 mm and 40 mm respectively;(2) the crown settlement and convergence of double-track loess tunnels in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ have a positive relationship with moisture content, deformation rate increases at first and then decreases, and deformation increases obviously when water content exceeds 16%;(3) based on the statistics of crown settlements, it proposed that the range of reserved deformation of loess tunnels in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ should be 7-9 cm and 12-15 cm respectively;(4) the key points of construction management of loess tunnels include identification of key and difficult works, strict construction scheme review before commencement, paying attention to ground surface treatment, enhancing geological forecast, monitoring and measurement during tunnel construction, strict management of the design alteration, construction process and quality.
引文
[1]马新民,贾东荣,谢君泰.高铁湿陷性黄土浅埋偏压隧道施工技术控制[J].铁道工程学报,2018,(3):74-78.MA Xinmin,JIA Dongrong,XIE Juntai.Construction Technology Control of Shallow Buried and Biased Tunnel of Collapsible Loess in High Speed Railway[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2018,(3):74-78.
[2]冯振宁.湿陷性黄土隧道施工大变形及其控制技术研究[J].铁道建筑技术,2017,(7):10-13.FENG Zhenning.Research on Large Deformation for Collapsed Loess Tunnel Construction and Its Control Technology[J].Railway Construction Technology,2017,(7):10-13.
[3]马士伟,韩学诠,廖凯.浅埋大断面黄土隧道防塌方实时监测预警[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(2):11-15.MA Shiwei,HAN Xuequan,LIAO Kai.Real-time Monitoring and Early Alarms for Collapse Prevention in a Shallow Loess Tunnel with a Large Section[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(2):11-15.
[4]唐民.大断面黄土隧道变形规律及预留变形量研究[J].公路,2017,(3):252-255.TANG Min.Study on Deformation Law and Reserved Deformation of the Large-section Loess Tunnel[J].Highway,2017,(3):252-255.
[5]邵生俊,杨春鸣,焦阳阳,等.湿陷性黄土隧道的工程性质分析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(9):1580-1590.SHAO Shengjun,YANG Chunming,JIAO Yangyang,et al.Engineering Properties of Collapsible Loess Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(9):1580-1590.
[6]任建喜,王丽,王江,等.大断面黄土隧道双侧壁导坑法施工诱发地表沉降及隧道变形规律研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2017,(3):20-24.REN Jianxi,WANG Li,WANG Jiang,et al.Settlement Laws of Ground and Tunnel Deformation Induced by6 Construction of Large Section Two-side Wall Wall Drift Heading Method Tunnel in Loess Region[J].Urban Mass Transit,2017,(3):20-24.
[7]金美海,李栋梁,刘新荣,等.不同坡度偏压黄土隧道预留变形量的研究[J].现代隧道技术,2017,54(1):130-137.JIN Meihai,LI Dongliang,LIU Xinrong,et al.Research on the Reserved Deformations of Unsymmetrical Loading Loess Tunnels with Different Slopes[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2017,54(1):130-137.
[8]曹海静,刘志强,吴剑,等.铁路黄土隧道施工变形规律及预留变形量研究[J].铁道标准设计,2018,62(3):85-88.CAO Haijing,LIU Zhiqiang,WU Jian,et al.Study on Deformation Law and Present Deformation of Raolway Tunnels in Loess[J].Railway Standard Design,2018,62(3):85-88.
[9]李国良.高速铁路大断面黄土隧道台阶法修建技术[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(5):6-16.LI Guoliang.Construction Techniques for Large-section Loess Tunnels of High-speed Railway by Bench Method[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(5):6-16.
[10]李骏,邵生俊,李国良,等.黄土隧道的湿陷变形规律及其对衬砌结构的作用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):251-260.LI Jun,SHAO Shengjun,LI Guoliang,et al.Collapse Deformation of Loess Tunnel and Its Effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):251-260.
[11]赖金星,樊浩博,来弘鹏,等.软弱黄土隧道变形规律现场测试与分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(7):2003-2012.LAI Jinxing,FAN Haobo,LAI Hongpeng,et al.In-situ Monitoring and Analysis of Tunnel Deformation Law in Weak Loess[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(7):2003-2012.
[12]王新东.高含水率黄土大断面隧道变形特性及施工方法[J].铁道建筑,2018,58(5):64-67.WANG Xindong.Deformation Characteristics and Construction Method for Large Section Loess Tunnel with High Water Content[J].Railway Engineering,2018,58(5):64-67.
[13]王春浩.超大断面黄土公路隧道围岩压力计算方法分析[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(3):175-181.WANG Chunhao.Calculation Method for Surrounding Rock Pressure of a Loess Highway Tunnel with an Extra-large Section[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2015,52(3):175-181.
[2]冯振宁.湿陷性黄土隧道施工大变形及其控制技术研究[J].铁道建筑技术,2017,(7):10-13.FENG Zhenning.Research on Large Deformation for Collapsed Loess Tunnel Construction and Its Control Technology[J].Railway Construction Technology,2017,(7):10-13.
[3]马士伟,韩学诠,廖凯.浅埋大断面黄土隧道防塌方实时监测预警[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(2):11-15.MA Shiwei,HAN Xuequan,LIAO Kai.Real-time Monitoring and Early Alarms for Collapse Prevention in a Shallow Loess Tunnel with a Large Section[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(2):11-15.
[4]唐民.大断面黄土隧道变形规律及预留变形量研究[J].公路,2017,(3):252-255.TANG Min.Study on Deformation Law and Reserved Deformation of the Large-section Loess Tunnel[J].Highway,2017,(3):252-255.
[5]邵生俊,杨春鸣,焦阳阳,等.湿陷性黄土隧道的工程性质分析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(9):1580-1590.SHAO Shengjun,YANG Chunming,JIAO Yangyang,et al.Engineering Properties of Collapsible Loess Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(9):1580-1590.
[6]任建喜,王丽,王江,等.大断面黄土隧道双侧壁导坑法施工诱发地表沉降及隧道变形规律研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2017,(3):20-24.REN Jianxi,WANG Li,WANG Jiang,et al.Settlement Laws of Ground and Tunnel Deformation Induced by6 Construction of Large Section Two-side Wall Wall Drift Heading Method Tunnel in Loess Region[J].Urban Mass Transit,2017,(3):20-24.
[7]金美海,李栋梁,刘新荣,等.不同坡度偏压黄土隧道预留变形量的研究[J].现代隧道技术,2017,54(1):130-137.JIN Meihai,LI Dongliang,LIU Xinrong,et al.Research on the Reserved Deformations of Unsymmetrical Loading Loess Tunnels with Different Slopes[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2017,54(1):130-137.
[8]曹海静,刘志强,吴剑,等.铁路黄土隧道施工变形规律及预留变形量研究[J].铁道标准设计,2018,62(3):85-88.CAO Haijing,LIU Zhiqiang,WU Jian,et al.Study on Deformation Law and Present Deformation of Raolway Tunnels in Loess[J].Railway Standard Design,2018,62(3):85-88.
[9]李国良.高速铁路大断面黄土隧道台阶法修建技术[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(5):6-16.LI Guoliang.Construction Techniques for Large-section Loess Tunnels of High-speed Railway by Bench Method[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(5):6-16.
[10]李骏,邵生俊,李国良,等.黄土隧道的湿陷变形规律及其对衬砌结构的作用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):251-260.LI Jun,SHAO Shengjun,LI Guoliang,et al.Collapse Deformation of Loess Tunnel and Its Effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):251-260.
[11]赖金星,樊浩博,来弘鹏,等.软弱黄土隧道变形规律现场测试与分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(7):2003-2012.LAI Jinxing,FAN Haobo,LAI Hongpeng,et al.In-situ Monitoring and Analysis of Tunnel Deformation Law in Weak Loess[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(7):2003-2012.
[12]王新东.高含水率黄土大断面隧道变形特性及施工方法[J].铁道建筑,2018,58(5):64-67.WANG Xindong.Deformation Characteristics and Construction Method for Large Section Loess Tunnel with High Water Content[J].Railway Engineering,2018,58(5):64-67.
[13]王春浩.超大断面黄土公路隧道围岩压力计算方法分析[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(3):175-181.WANG Chunhao.Calculation Method for Surrounding Rock Pressure of a Loess Highway Tunnel with an Extra-large Section[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2015,52(3):175-181.
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