基于水位与孔隙水压分析的水力类泥石流起动试验研究
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摘要
以汶川强震区水力类泥石流为研究对象进行室内试验,研究水力类泥石流起动过程中水位和孔隙水压力的变化特征。结果表明,在水力类泥石流起动试验初期,水位值和孔隙水压力值的增值相对平缓;泥石流起动过程中,水位值和孔隙水压力值突增,与试验槽坡度均呈正相关;泥石流结束时刻,由于沟道堆积物的搬运和侵蚀,水位值出现负值,而孔隙水压力值趋近于0;不同试验槽坡度水力类泥石流暴发时间顺序为9°<12°<15°。研究成果可为震区水力类泥石流运动机制研究提供参考。
Taking the hydraulic debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake area as laboratory test object, the variation characteristics of water level and pore water pressure during the starting process of hydraulic debris flow are studied. The results show that,( a) the increment of water level and pore water pressure is relatively gentle in initial stage of debris flow start-up test;( b) during debris flow start-up, the water level and pore water pressure increase sharply, which is positively correlated with the slope of test trough;( c) in the end of debris flow, the water level appears as negative value, while the pore water pressure tends to zero due to the transportation and erosion of channel deposits; and( d) the outbreak time sequence of hydraulic debris flow in different test troughs is 9° < 12° < 15°. These research results can provide a reference for studying the mechanism of hydraulic debris flow movement in earthquake area.
Taking the hydraulic debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake area as laboratory test object, the variation characteristics of water level and pore water pressure during the starting process of hydraulic debris flow are studied. The results show that,( a) the increment of water level and pore water pressure is relatively gentle in initial stage of debris flow start-up test;( b) during debris flow start-up, the water level and pore water pressure increase sharply, which is positively correlated with the slope of test trough;( c) in the end of debris flow, the water level appears as negative value, while the pore water pressure tends to zero due to the transportation and erosion of channel deposits; and( d) the outbreak time sequence of hydraulic debris flow in different test troughs is 9° < 12° < 15°. These research results can provide a reference for studying the mechanism of hydraulic debris flow movement in earthquake area.
引文
[1]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害灾后效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):145-151.
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[4]许冲,戴福初,徐锡伟.汶川地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].地质论评,2010,56(6):860-874.
[5]唐川.汶川地震区暴雨滑坡泥石流活动趋势预测[J].山地学报,2011,28(3):341-349.
[6]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川地震触发崩塌滑坡数量及其密度特征分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(3):1-7.
[7]庄建琦,崔鹏,葛永刚,等. 5. 12汶川地震崩塌滑坡分布特征及影响因子评价———以都江堰至汶川公路沿线为例[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):16-22.
[8]屈永平.水力类泥石流起动模型初步研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013.
[9]程尊兰,崔鹏,李泳,等.滑坡、泥石流堰塞湖灾害主要的成灾特点与减灾对策[J].山地学报,2008,26(6):733-738.
[10]何其多.大型泥石流汇江诱发灾害链的初步研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.
[11]庄建琦,崔鹏,胡凯衡,等.沟道松散物质起动形成泥石流试验研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):230-236.
[12]曹屹东.汶川震区典型暴雨泥石流形成特征与条件的试验研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[13]陈宁生,崔鹏,王晓颖,等.地震作用下泥石流源区砾石土体强度的衰减试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2743-2747.
[14]党超,程尊兰,刘晶晶.泥石流堵塞坝溃决模式试验[J].灾害学,2008,23(3):15-19.
[15] WANG Junjie, ZHAO Di, LIANG Yue, et al. Angle of repose of landslide debris deposits induced by 2008 Sichuan Earthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2013,156(1):103-110.
[16]李秀珍,孔纪名,邓红艳,等.“5·12”汶川地震滑坡特征及失稳破坏模式分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):72-77.
[17] BOVISM J, JAKOB M. The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity[J]. Earth Surface Processed and Landforms,1999,24(11):1039-1054.
[18] MARCHI L, D'AGOSTINO V. Estimation of debris-flow magnitude in the Eastern Italian Alps[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2004,29(2):207-220.
[19] GORDON G D, ZHOU Pengcui, XING Huazhu, et al. A preliminary study of the failure mechanisms of cascading landslide dams[J].International Journal of Sediment Research, 2015, 30(3):223-234.
[20]彭昌翠.汶川地震区映秀至耿达公路泥石流灾害发育特征及其危险性评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.
[21]张晋,李满意,袁屹璋.映卧公路干沟泥石流发育特征及危险性评价[J].长春工程学院学报:自然科学版,2011,12(3):72-74.
[22]徐久燕,张晋,史光明.瓦司沟泥石流特征分析及危险性评价[J].长春工程学院学报:自然科学版,2011,12(4):98-102.
[23]冉圣宏,李秀彬,吕昌河.近20年渔子溪流域土地利用变化的环境影响[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(12):2058-2064.
[24]屈永平,朱静,卜祥航,等.西藏林芝地区冰川降雨型泥石流起动试验初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(S1):3256-3266.
[2]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9. 24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[3] TAKAHASHI T. Debris Flow[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,1981,13(1):57-77.
[4]许冲,戴福初,徐锡伟.汶川地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].地质论评,2010,56(6):860-874.
[5]唐川.汶川地震区暴雨滑坡泥石流活动趋势预测[J].山地学报,2011,28(3):341-349.
[6]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川地震触发崩塌滑坡数量及其密度特征分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(3):1-7.
[7]庄建琦,崔鹏,葛永刚,等. 5. 12汶川地震崩塌滑坡分布特征及影响因子评价———以都江堰至汶川公路沿线为例[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):16-22.
[8]屈永平.水力类泥石流起动模型初步研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013.
[9]程尊兰,崔鹏,李泳,等.滑坡、泥石流堰塞湖灾害主要的成灾特点与减灾对策[J].山地学报,2008,26(6):733-738.
[10]何其多.大型泥石流汇江诱发灾害链的初步研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.
[11]庄建琦,崔鹏,胡凯衡,等.沟道松散物质起动形成泥石流试验研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):230-236.
[12]曹屹东.汶川震区典型暴雨泥石流形成特征与条件的试验研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[13]陈宁生,崔鹏,王晓颖,等.地震作用下泥石流源区砾石土体强度的衰减试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2743-2747.
[14]党超,程尊兰,刘晶晶.泥石流堵塞坝溃决模式试验[J].灾害学,2008,23(3):15-19.
[15] WANG Junjie, ZHAO Di, LIANG Yue, et al. Angle of repose of landslide debris deposits induced by 2008 Sichuan Earthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2013,156(1):103-110.
[16]李秀珍,孔纪名,邓红艳,等.“5·12”汶川地震滑坡特征及失稳破坏模式分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):72-77.
[17] BOVISM J, JAKOB M. The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity[J]. Earth Surface Processed and Landforms,1999,24(11):1039-1054.
[18] MARCHI L, D'AGOSTINO V. Estimation of debris-flow magnitude in the Eastern Italian Alps[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2004,29(2):207-220.
[19] GORDON G D, ZHOU Pengcui, XING Huazhu, et al. A preliminary study of the failure mechanisms of cascading landslide dams[J].International Journal of Sediment Research, 2015, 30(3):223-234.
[20]彭昌翠.汶川地震区映秀至耿达公路泥石流灾害发育特征及其危险性评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.
[21]张晋,李满意,袁屹璋.映卧公路干沟泥石流发育特征及危险性评价[J].长春工程学院学报:自然科学版,2011,12(3):72-74.
[22]徐久燕,张晋,史光明.瓦司沟泥石流特征分析及危险性评价[J].长春工程学院学报:自然科学版,2011,12(4):98-102.
[23]冉圣宏,李秀彬,吕昌河.近20年渔子溪流域土地利用变化的环境影响[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(12):2058-2064.
[24]屈永平,朱静,卜祥航,等.西藏林芝地区冰川降雨型泥石流起动试验初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(S1):3256-3266.
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