海湾景观生态脆弱性及其对人类活动的响应——以东海区为例
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摘要
研究围填海影响下海湾景观生态脆弱性,有助于提高海湾生态环境保护意识、加速修复海湾生态系统。基于东海区海湾6期景观数据,分析了围填海影响下东海海湾景观生态脆弱性和人工干扰强度的时空变化特征,并讨论了海湾景观对人类活动的响应程度。结果表明:(1)东海海湾景观脆弱度上升,北部和南部海湾较高和高脆弱区面积呈上升趋势。高等级脆弱区不断扩散,主要由城市到郊区、内地到沿海、陆地到港口等。(2)东海海湾围填海开发利用强度加强。东海北部海湾景观人工干扰强度由低值向高值转变,中强度、较高强度区间和高强度区面积不断增加。南部海湾景观人工干扰强度南北分异显著,呈现出北低南高的特征。人工干扰强度从内陆向河口周边及沿海地区强度逐渐加深。(3)东海海湾景观变化对人类活动响应显著。东海北部海湾景观趋于破碎化、多样化、非均衡化。东海南部海湾逐渐向集约开发方向发展,景观趋于规则化、均衡化。东海海湾景观脆弱度与景观人工干扰强度间存在显著的正相关关系,南部海湾景观脆弱度与人工干扰度之间的拟合度大于北部海湾。
Analysis of the ecological vulnerability of the bay landscape under the influence of reclamation will help to improve environmental protection of the bay and accelerate the restoration of the bay ecosystem. On the basis of the data of the 6 th phase of the East China Sea Bay, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the ecological vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity of the East China Sea Bay under the influence of reclamation were analyzed, and the response of the bay landscape to human activities was discussed. The results show that(1) the vulnerability of the East China Sea Bay landscape and high and extremely high vulnerability areas in the northern and southern bays are increasing. High-level vulnerability areas continue to spread, mainly from urban to suburban, inland to coastal, and land to port.(2) The intensity of development and use of reclaimed land in the East China Sea Bay has strengthened. The landscape artificial disturbance intensity of the northern bay in the East China Sea has changed from low to high, and the medium-intensity, high-intensity, and extremely high intensity areas increased continuously. The landscape artificial disturbance intensity of the southern bay is significantly different from north to south, showing the characteristics of north low and south high. The intensity of artificial disturbance gradually deepens from the inland to the periphery of the estuary and coastal areas.(3) Landscape changes in the East China Sea Bay have responded significantly to human activities. The northern bay landscape of the East China Sea tends to be fragmented, diversified, and unbalanced. The southern bay of the East China Sea is gradually developing towards intensive development, and the landscape tends to be regularized and balanced. A significant positive correlation exists between the landscape fragmentation degree of the East China Sea Bay and landscape artificial disturbance intensity. The fit between the southern bay landscape vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity is greater than that between the northern bay landscape vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity.
Analysis of the ecological vulnerability of the bay landscape under the influence of reclamation will help to improve environmental protection of the bay and accelerate the restoration of the bay ecosystem. On the basis of the data of the 6 th phase of the East China Sea Bay, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the ecological vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity of the East China Sea Bay under the influence of reclamation were analyzed, and the response of the bay landscape to human activities was discussed. The results show that(1) the vulnerability of the East China Sea Bay landscape and high and extremely high vulnerability areas in the northern and southern bays are increasing. High-level vulnerability areas continue to spread, mainly from urban to suburban, inland to coastal, and land to port.(2) The intensity of development and use of reclaimed land in the East China Sea Bay has strengthened. The landscape artificial disturbance intensity of the northern bay in the East China Sea has changed from low to high, and the medium-intensity, high-intensity, and extremely high intensity areas increased continuously. The landscape artificial disturbance intensity of the southern bay is significantly different from north to south, showing the characteristics of north low and south high. The intensity of artificial disturbance gradually deepens from the inland to the periphery of the estuary and coastal areas.(3) Landscape changes in the East China Sea Bay have responded significantly to human activities. The northern bay landscape of the East China Sea tends to be fragmented, diversified, and unbalanced. The southern bay of the East China Sea is gradually developing towards intensive development, and the landscape tends to be regularized and balanced. A significant positive correlation exists between the landscape fragmentation degree of the East China Sea Bay and landscape artificial disturbance intensity. The fit between the southern bay landscape vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity is greater than that between the northern bay landscape vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity.
引文
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[12] Li J L, Pu R L, Gong H B, Luo X, Ye M Y, Feng B X. Evolution characteristics of landscape ecological risk patterns in coastal zones in Zhejiang Province, China. Sustainability, 2017, 9(4): 584.
[13] 孙才志, 闫晓露, 钟敬秋. 下辽河平原景观格局脆弱性及空间关联格局. 生态学报, 2014, 34(2): 247-257.
[14] 任志远, 张晗. 银川盆地土地利用变化对景观格局脆弱性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(1): 243-249.
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[17] 盛晓雯, 周伟, 曹银贵, 成陆. 基于景观格局和生态敏感性的右玉县景观脆弱度分析. 西北林学院学报, 2018, 33(4): 167-174.
[18] 梁佳欣, 李新举. 南四湖湿地景观格局脆弱度的时空分异特征. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 626-634.
[19] 李加林, 刘永超. 人工地貌学学科体系框架构建初探. 地理研究, 2016, 35(12): 2203-2215.
[20] Li K Y, Liu X B, Zhao X G, Gao W H. Effects of reclamation projects on marine ecological environment in tianjin harbor industrial zone. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2010, 2: 792-799.
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[22] 韩振华, 李建东, 殷红, 申屠雅瑾, 徐聪. 基于景观格局的辽河三角洲湿地生态安全分析. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(3): 701-705.
[23] 王娟, 崔保山, 姚华荣, 刘世梁. 纵向岭谷区澜沧江流域景观生态安全时空分异特征. 生态学报, 2008, 28(4): 1681-1690.
[24] 李帅, 马文超, 顾艳文, 魏虹, 彭月, 李昌晓. 宁夏黄河流域景观破碎化时空变化特征. 生态学报, 2016, 36(11): 3312-3320.
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[26] 姜忆湄, 李加林, 龚虹波, 叶梦姚, 冯佰香, 何改丽, 黄日鹏. 围填海影响下海岸带生态服务价值损益评估——以宁波杭州湾新区为例. 经济地理, 2017, 37(11): 181-190.
[27] Li J L, Ye M Y, Pu R L, Liu Y C, Guo Q D, Feng B X, Huang R P, He G L. Spatiotemporal change patterns of coastlines in Zhejiang Province, China, Over the Last Twenty-Five Years. Sustainability, 2018, 10(2): 477.
[28] 李加林, 徐谅慧, 杨磊, 刘永超, 郭意新, 姜忆湄, 叶梦姚, 史作琦. 浙江省海岸带景观生态风险格局演变研究. 水土保持学报, 2016, 30(1): 293-299, 314-314.
[29] Liu Y Q, Long H L, Li T T, Tu S S. Land use transitions and their effects on water environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Land Use Policy, 2015, 47: 293-301.
[30] 陈希, 王克林, 祁向坤, 李洪斌. 湘江流域景观格局变化及生态服务价值响应. 经济地理, 2016, 36(5): 175-181.
[2] Cui B S, He Q, Gu B H, Bai J H, Liu X H. China′s coastal wetlands: understanding environmental changes and human impacts for management and conservation. Wetlands, 2016, 36(S1): 1-9.
[3] 魏帆, 韩广轩, 张金萍, 栗云召, 赵建民. 1985—2015年围填海活动影响下的环渤海滨海湿地演变特征. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(5): 1527-1537.
[4] 张明慧, 陈昌平, 索安宁, 林勇. 围填海的海洋环境影响国内外研究进展. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(8): 1509-1513.
[5] 李灿, 张凤荣, 朱泰峰, 曲衍波. 大城市边缘区景观破碎化空间异质性——以北京市顺义区为例. 生态学报, 2013, 33(17): 5363-5374.
[6] 于淑玲, 崔保山, 闫家国, 宋国香, 邹雨璇, 邵晓静, 付婧. 围填海区受损滨海湿地生态补偿机制与模式. 湿地科学, 2015, 13(6): 675-681.
[7] 索安宁, 关道明, 孙永光, 林勇, 张明慧. 景观生态学在海岸带地区的研究进展. 生态学报, 2016, 36(11): 3167-3175.
[8] 张月, 张飞, 王娟, 任岩, Ghulam A, Kung H T, 陈芸. 近40年艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态干扰度时空动态及景观格局变化. 生态学报, 2017, 37(21): 7082-7097.
[9] 林磊, 刘东艳, 刘哲, 高会旺. 围填海对海洋水动力与生态环境的影响. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(8): 1-11.
[10] 于格, 张军岩, 鲁春霞, 谢高地, 于潇萌. 围海造地的生态环境影响分析. 资源科学, 2009, 31(2): 265-270.
[11] Guo H, Jiao J J. Impact of coastal land reclamation on ground water level and the sea water interface. Ground Water, 2010, 45(3): 362-367.
[12] Li J L, Pu R L, Gong H B, Luo X, Ye M Y, Feng B X. Evolution characteristics of landscape ecological risk patterns in coastal zones in Zhejiang Province, China. Sustainability, 2017, 9(4): 584.
[13] 孙才志, 闫晓露, 钟敬秋. 下辽河平原景观格局脆弱性及空间关联格局. 生态学报, 2014, 34(2): 247-257.
[14] 任志远, 张晗. 银川盆地土地利用变化对景观格局脆弱性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(1): 243-249.
[15] 徐燕, 孙小银, 张大智, 单瑞峰, 刘飞. 1980—2015年南四湖流域景观格局及其脆弱性. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 635-642.
[16] 杜军,杨青华.基于土地利用变化和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析——以武汉市为例.国土资源遥感,2010(02):102-106.
[17] 盛晓雯, 周伟, 曹银贵, 成陆. 基于景观格局和生态敏感性的右玉县景观脆弱度分析. 西北林学院学报, 2018, 33(4): 167-174.
[18] 梁佳欣, 李新举. 南四湖湿地景观格局脆弱度的时空分异特征. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 626-634.
[19] 李加林, 刘永超. 人工地貌学学科体系框架构建初探. 地理研究, 2016, 35(12): 2203-2215.
[20] Li K Y, Liu X B, Zhao X G, Gao W H. Effects of reclamation projects on marine ecological environment in tianjin harbor industrial zone. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2010, 2: 792-799.
[21] 中国海湾志编纂委员会. 中国海湾志:第五分册. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993.
[22] 韩振华, 李建东, 殷红, 申屠雅瑾, 徐聪. 基于景观格局的辽河三角洲湿地生态安全分析. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(3): 701-705.
[23] 王娟, 崔保山, 姚华荣, 刘世梁. 纵向岭谷区澜沧江流域景观生态安全时空分异特征. 生态学报, 2008, 28(4): 1681-1690.
[24] 李帅, 马文超, 顾艳文, 魏虹, 彭月, 李昌晓. 宁夏黄河流域景观破碎化时空变化特征. 生态学报, 2016, 36(11): 3312-3320.
[25] 袁麒翔. 人类活动影响下的海湾岸线与景观资源时空变化研究.宁波大学,2015.
[26] 姜忆湄, 李加林, 龚虹波, 叶梦姚, 冯佰香, 何改丽, 黄日鹏. 围填海影响下海岸带生态服务价值损益评估——以宁波杭州湾新区为例. 经济地理, 2017, 37(11): 181-190.
[27] Li J L, Ye M Y, Pu R L, Liu Y C, Guo Q D, Feng B X, Huang R P, He G L. Spatiotemporal change patterns of coastlines in Zhejiang Province, China, Over the Last Twenty-Five Years. Sustainability, 2018, 10(2): 477.
[28] 李加林, 徐谅慧, 杨磊, 刘永超, 郭意新, 姜忆湄, 叶梦姚, 史作琦. 浙江省海岸带景观生态风险格局演变研究. 水土保持学报, 2016, 30(1): 293-299, 314-314.
[29] Liu Y Q, Long H L, Li T T, Tu S S. Land use transitions and their effects on water environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Land Use Policy, 2015, 47: 293-301.
[30] 陈希, 王克林, 祁向坤, 李洪斌. 湘江流域景观格局变化及生态服务价值响应. 经济地理, 2016, 36(5): 175-181.