高潜水位煤矿区生态补偿标准评估框架与测算:以东滩煤矿为例
|
摘要
煤矿区生态补偿是实现煤炭开采外部不经济性内部化的有效手段。制定科学的、合理的生态补偿标准是实施生态补偿机制的关键。本文通过分析高潜水位矿区煤炭开采对生态环境的影响,针对煤炭开采造成的生态破坏损失和环境污染损失,综合运用恢复成本法和价值损失法,从目标层、约束层、准则层和指标层四个层次构建高潜水位矿区煤炭开采生态补偿标准评估框架,补偿标准为各项指标层的价值量之和。在此基础上,以山东省东滩煤矿为例,结合东滩煤矿特点筛选关键评估指标,计算2014年东滩煤矿生态补偿标准为16 497.02万元,占该年煤炭销售收入的2.75%。该方法为征收高潜水位煤矿区生态补偿费用提供参考。
The ecological compensation in coal mining area is an effective means to realize the internalization of external diseconomy of coal mining.Making scientific and reasonable eco-compensation standard is the key to implement eco-compensation mechanism.By analyzing the impact of coal mining on the ecological environment in mining area with high ground-water level,in view of the loss of ecological destruction and environmental pollution,this paper constructs the evaluation framework of the eco-compensation standard in coal mining area with high ground-water level from the four levels of target layer,constraint layer,criterion layer and index layer by using the restoration cost method and the value loss method.The eco-compensation standard is the sum of the value of each index layer.On this basis,taking Dongtan coal mine in Shandong province as an example,the key evaluation indexes are selected according to the characteristics of Dongtan coal mine,and the eco-compensation standard in 2014 is 16 497.02×10~4 yuan,accounting for 2.75% of the coal sales.This method provides a reference for the eco-compensation cost of coal mining area with high ground-water level.
The ecological compensation in coal mining area is an effective means to realize the internalization of external diseconomy of coal mining.Making scientific and reasonable eco-compensation standard is the key to implement eco-compensation mechanism.By analyzing the impact of coal mining on the ecological environment in mining area with high ground-water level,in view of the loss of ecological destruction and environmental pollution,this paper constructs the evaluation framework of the eco-compensation standard in coal mining area with high ground-water level from the four levels of target layer,constraint layer,criterion layer and index layer by using the restoration cost method and the value loss method.The eco-compensation standard is the sum of the value of each index layer.On this basis,taking Dongtan coal mine in Shandong province as an example,the key evaluation indexes are selected according to the characteristics of Dongtan coal mine,and the eco-compensation standard in 2014 is 16 497.02×10~4 yuan,accounting for 2.75% of the coal sales.This method provides a reference for the eco-compensation cost of coal mining area with high ground-water level.
引文
[1]陈龙桂,刘通,欧阳慧,等.资源开采地区生态补偿机制初探[J].宏观经济管理,2012(2):51-53.CHEN Longgui,LIU Tong,OUYANG Hui,et al.Preliminary study on ecological compensation mechanism in resource exploitation area[J].Macroeconomic Management,2012(2):51-53.
[2]王金南,万军,沈渭寿,等.山西省煤炭资源开发生态补偿机制研究[C]∥生态补偿机制与政策设计国际研讨会论文集.2006:242-251.
[3]党晋华,贾彩霞,徐涛,等.山西省煤炭开采环境损失的经济核算[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):155-160.DANG Jinhua,JIA Caixia,XU Tao,et al.Study of environmental damage accounting by coal mining activities in Shanxi province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2007,20(4):155-160.
[4]宋晓强.陕西省能源开发水土保持补偿标准研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[5]顾刚,梁海超,王爱国,等.重庆煤矿区生态补偿核算:以松藻矿区为例[J].中国矿业,2014,23(3):66-71.GU Gang,LIANG Haichao,WANG Aiguo,et al.The research of ecological compensation in Chongqing coal mining area:a case study of Songzao mining area[J].China Mining Magazine,2014,23(3):66-71.
[6]时乐乐,赵军.煤炭资源开采外部成本与应交税费比较分析——以新疆为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(12):2005-2017.SHI Lele,ZHAO Jun.Coal resources exploitations external costs and payable taxes comparative analysis:a case from Xinjiang[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(12):2005-2017.
[7]边振兴,薛卫疆,王秋兵,等.采空沉陷湿地形成动力过程的初步研究[J].湿地科学,2007,5(2):124-127.BIAN Zhenxing,XUE Weijiang,WANG Qiubing,et al.Dynamic process of formation of the mining subsidence wetland[J].Wetland Science,2007,5(2):124-127.
[8]潘仁飞.煤矿开采生态环境综合评价及生态补偿费研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
[9]吴强.矿山环境代价定量评估探讨[J].中国矿业,2008,17(5):42-44.WU Qiang.Discussion on quantitative estimation of mine environmental damage costs[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(5):42-44.
[10]曲勃.矿产资源开发代价评估体系研究[J].工业技术经济,2009,28(11):63-67.QU Bo.Research on evaluation system for environmental losses of mineral resources development[J].Industrial Technology&Economy,2009,28(11):63-67.
[11]张思锋,杨潇.煤炭开采区生态补偿标准体系的构建与应用[J].中国软科学,2010(8):106-116,147.ZHANG Sifeng,YANG Xiao.The construction and application of eco-compensation system in coal-mining districts[J].China Soft Science,2010(8):106-116,147.
[12]杨璐,胡振琪,李新举,等.邹城市矿粮复合区土地利用变化及生态系统服务价值分析[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(12):70-75.YANG Lu,HU Zhenqi,LI Xinju,et al.Analysis of land use change and ecosystem service value in the overlapped areas of crop and mineral production in Zoucheng city[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(12):70-75.
[13]李丽英.煤矿区生态环境恢复补偿机制[J].西安科技大学学报,2008,28(4):802-807.LI Liying.Compensation mechanism for eco-environmental instauration of coal mine area[J].Journal of Xian University of Science and Technology,2008,28(4):802-807.
[14]曹东,於方,高树婷,等.经济与环境:中国2020[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[15]亚洲开发银行.环境影响的经济评价[R].1996.
[16]程琳琳,胡振琪,宋蕾.我国矿产资源开发的生态补偿机制与政策[J].中国矿业,2007,16(4):11-13,18.CHENG Linlin,HU Zhenqi,SONG Lei.The policy design on the eco-compensation mechanism of mineral resources in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(4):11-13,18.
[2]王金南,万军,沈渭寿,等.山西省煤炭资源开发生态补偿机制研究[C]∥生态补偿机制与政策设计国际研讨会论文集.2006:242-251.
[3]党晋华,贾彩霞,徐涛,等.山西省煤炭开采环境损失的经济核算[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):155-160.DANG Jinhua,JIA Caixia,XU Tao,et al.Study of environmental damage accounting by coal mining activities in Shanxi province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2007,20(4):155-160.
[4]宋晓强.陕西省能源开发水土保持补偿标准研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[5]顾刚,梁海超,王爱国,等.重庆煤矿区生态补偿核算:以松藻矿区为例[J].中国矿业,2014,23(3):66-71.GU Gang,LIANG Haichao,WANG Aiguo,et al.The research of ecological compensation in Chongqing coal mining area:a case study of Songzao mining area[J].China Mining Magazine,2014,23(3):66-71.
[6]时乐乐,赵军.煤炭资源开采外部成本与应交税费比较分析——以新疆为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(12):2005-2017.SHI Lele,ZHAO Jun.Coal resources exploitations external costs and payable taxes comparative analysis:a case from Xinjiang[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(12):2005-2017.
[7]边振兴,薛卫疆,王秋兵,等.采空沉陷湿地形成动力过程的初步研究[J].湿地科学,2007,5(2):124-127.BIAN Zhenxing,XUE Weijiang,WANG Qiubing,et al.Dynamic process of formation of the mining subsidence wetland[J].Wetland Science,2007,5(2):124-127.
[8]潘仁飞.煤矿开采生态环境综合评价及生态补偿费研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
[9]吴强.矿山环境代价定量评估探讨[J].中国矿业,2008,17(5):42-44.WU Qiang.Discussion on quantitative estimation of mine environmental damage costs[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(5):42-44.
[10]曲勃.矿产资源开发代价评估体系研究[J].工业技术经济,2009,28(11):63-67.QU Bo.Research on evaluation system for environmental losses of mineral resources development[J].Industrial Technology&Economy,2009,28(11):63-67.
[11]张思锋,杨潇.煤炭开采区生态补偿标准体系的构建与应用[J].中国软科学,2010(8):106-116,147.ZHANG Sifeng,YANG Xiao.The construction and application of eco-compensation system in coal-mining districts[J].China Soft Science,2010(8):106-116,147.
[12]杨璐,胡振琪,李新举,等.邹城市矿粮复合区土地利用变化及生态系统服务价值分析[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(12):70-75.YANG Lu,HU Zhenqi,LI Xinju,et al.Analysis of land use change and ecosystem service value in the overlapped areas of crop and mineral production in Zoucheng city[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(12):70-75.
[13]李丽英.煤矿区生态环境恢复补偿机制[J].西安科技大学学报,2008,28(4):802-807.LI Liying.Compensation mechanism for eco-environmental instauration of coal mine area[J].Journal of Xian University of Science and Technology,2008,28(4):802-807.
[14]曹东,於方,高树婷,等.经济与环境:中国2020[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[15]亚洲开发银行.环境影响的经济评价[R].1996.
[16]程琳琳,胡振琪,宋蕾.我国矿产资源开发的生态补偿机制与政策[J].中国矿业,2007,16(4):11-13,18.CHENG Linlin,HU Zhenqi,SONG Lei.The policy design on the eco-compensation mechanism of mineral resources in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(4):11-13,18.