下扬子地区“三气一油”钻探发现及成藏地质条件——以皖南港地1井钻探发现为例
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摘要
下扬子地区经历了多期构造运动,地质条件复杂,对油气保存条件产生了重要影响。页岩油气具有自生自储的特性,与常规油气相比,对保存条件的要求较低,在下扬子地区具备形成页岩油气藏的潜力。通过港地1井钻探,在下扬子地区二叠系大隆组和龙潭组获得了页岩油、页岩气、煤层气和致密砂岩气"三气一油"的发现,与常规油气"上气下油"不同,港地1井油气呈现"上油下气"式非常规油气储集方式。大隆组富有机质页岩厚度约70m,地层倾角10°～20°,现场解吸获取的页岩气样品甲烷含量达80%,有机质丰度为1.9%～2.3%,平均值约2.0%,有机质成熟度(Ro)为1%～1.25%,平均值约1.2%,具备生成页岩油气的良好基础。基于港地1井的钻探发现,认为下扬子地区构造运动影响弱、盆地规模小、保存条件好的"小而整"的坳陷或盆地具备形成页岩油气藏的地质条件。
In the lower Yangtze region, the tectonic movement is complicated and the geological conditions are complex, which has a great impact on the conditions of oil and gas accumulation and preservation. The shale has the characteristics of generating gas and storing gas. The requirements for preservation conditions are relatively lower than those for conventional oil and gas, which makes it possible to form a large oil and gas reservoir in lower Yangtze region. Through drilling the Gang Di 1 well, the authors revealed"Three-Gas-One-Oil"feature that includes shale oil, shale gas, coalbed gas and tight sandstone gas in Permian Dalong Formation and Longtan Formation in lower Yangtze region. It is different from conventional oil and gas storage in which gas is in the upper part and oil is in the lower part; therefore, the feature revealed by the authors is an unconventional oil and gas reservoir mode. It is observed that organic shale thickness is about 70 m, and formation dip is about 10 o～25 oin the core of GD1. The in situ desorption data show that methane content is about 80%. Experimental data show TOC is 1.9%～2.3%, about 2.0% on average; Rois about1% ～1.25%, about 1.2% on average in the core of GD1. Based on GD 1 drilling discovery, the authors hold that the "small and whole" depression or basin has the geological conditions for forming shale oil and gas reservoirs with weak tectonic movement,small basin and good preservation conditions in the lower Yangtze region.
In the lower Yangtze region, the tectonic movement is complicated and the geological conditions are complex, which has a great impact on the conditions of oil and gas accumulation and preservation. The shale has the characteristics of generating gas and storing gas. The requirements for preservation conditions are relatively lower than those for conventional oil and gas, which makes it possible to form a large oil and gas reservoir in lower Yangtze region. Through drilling the Gang Di 1 well, the authors revealed"Three-Gas-One-Oil"feature that includes shale oil, shale gas, coalbed gas and tight sandstone gas in Permian Dalong Formation and Longtan Formation in lower Yangtze region. It is different from conventional oil and gas storage in which gas is in the upper part and oil is in the lower part; therefore, the feature revealed by the authors is an unconventional oil and gas reservoir mode. It is observed that organic shale thickness is about 70 m, and formation dip is about 10 o～25 oin the core of GD1. The in situ desorption data show that methane content is about 80%. Experimental data show TOC is 1.9%～2.3%, about 2.0% on average; Rois about1% ～1.25%, about 1.2% on average in the core of GD1. Based on GD 1 drilling discovery, the authors hold that the "small and whole" depression or basin has the geological conditions for forming shale oil and gas reservoirs with weak tectonic movement,small basin and good preservation conditions in the lower Yangtze region.
引文
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[19]陈晓智,陈桂华,肖钢,等.北美TMS页岩油地质评价及勘探有利区预测[J].中国石油勘探，2014,19(2):77-84.
[20]陈磊,姜振学,邢金艳，等.川西坳陷新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量主控因素及其定量预测模型[J].现代地质，2014,28(4):824-831.
[21]郭怀志,潘保芝,张丽华,等．页岩吸附模型及吸附气含气量计算方法进展[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(3):1080-1087.(1)
(1)毕治国,斗守初,汪木彬.宣城幅区域地质报告(1∶20万).1974.
[2]张金川,边瑞康,荆铁亚,等.页岩气理论研究的基础意义[J].地质通报，2011,30(23):318-323.
[3]吴浩,姚素平,焦堃,等.下扬子区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探前景[J].煤炭学报，2013,38(5):870-876.
[4]潘继平,乔德武,李世臻,等．下扬子地区古生界页岩气地质条件与勘探前景[J].地质通报，2011,30(2/3):337-343.
[5]曹涛涛,宋之光,罗厚勇,等．下扬子地区二叠系海陆过渡相页岩孔隙体系特征[J].天然气地球科学，2016,27(7):1332-1344.
[6]蔡周荣,夏斌,万志峰.下扬子芜湖地区后期构造活动特征及其对古生界页岩气保存的影响[J].煤炭学报，2013,38(5):890-895.
[7]周东升,许林峰,潘继平,等.扬子地块上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探前景[J].天然气工业，2012,32(12):6-13.
[8]陈平,张敏强,许永哲,等．下扬子巢湖-泾县地区上二叠统大隆组泥页岩储层特征[J].岩石学报，2013,29(8):2925-2935.
[9]丁道桂,王东燕,刘运黎.下扬子地区古生代盆地的改造变形[J].地学前缘，2009,16(4):61-73.
[10]姚柏平,陆红,郭念发.论下扬子地区多期构造格局叠加及其油气地质意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(4):10-13.
[11]张宗言,何卫红,韦一,等．下扬子中生代沉积盆地演化[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报,2014,39(8):1017-1033.
[12]庄建建,杨凤丽,赵文芳.下扬子区印支-早燕山期的构造特征及应力场模拟[J].高校地质学报，2010,6(4):475-482.
[13]张金川,薛会,张德明，等．页岩气及其成藏机理[J].现代地质，2003,17(4):466.
[14]张金川,金之钧,袁明生.页岩气成藏机理和分布[J].天然气工业，2004,24(7):15-18.
[15]郭彤楼,张汉荣.四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J].石油勘探与开,2014,41(1):28-36.
[16]廖志伟,胡文瑄,曹剑,等.下扬子皖南大隆组黑色岩系发育特征及油气资源潜力初探[J].高校地质学报，2016,22(1):138-151.
[17]张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘，2012,19(5):322-331.
[18]邹才能,杨智,崔景伟,等．页岩油形成机制、地质特征及发展对策[J].石油勘探与开发，2013,40(1):14-26.
[19]陈晓智,陈桂华,肖钢,等.北美TMS页岩油地质评价及勘探有利区预测[J].中国石油勘探，2014,19(2):77-84.
[20]陈磊,姜振学,邢金艳，等.川西坳陷新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量主控因素及其定量预测模型[J].现代地质，2014,28(4):824-831.
[21]郭怀志,潘保芝,张丽华,等．页岩吸附模型及吸附气含气量计算方法进展[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(3):1080-1087.(1)
(1)毕治国,斗守初,汪木彬.宣城幅区域地质报告(1∶20万).1974.