巴西与碱性岩-碳酸岩杂岩体相关的关键矿产成矿作用与规律
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摘要
在巴西,与碱性岩-碳酸岩杂岩体相关成矿作用复杂,产出了世界上唯一的霞石正长岩型斜锆石矿床、全球最大的铌矿床以及巴西最大的铀矿和镍矿集区,资源储量丰富,具有重要的经济价值和战略意义,同时也是关键矿产成矿作用研究的殿堂。本文在前人研究基础之上,整理分析了35处与碱性岩-碳酸岩相关的关键矿产地质特征。根据成矿作用特征,划分了4个成矿系列:①霞石正长岩碱性杂岩相关的U-Zr-Mo-REE和萤石成矿系列;②碱性岩-碳酸岩杂岩(正长岩+辉石岩+霓霞岩+碳酸岩等)相关的Nb-P-Ti-REE和蛭石成矿系列;③阿拉斯加型超基性岩-碱性杂岩体相关的Ni成矿系列;④交代正长岩相关的U-P成矿系列。根据关键矿产资源时空分布规律,划分了5个成矿带:(Ⅰ)Lancinha-Cubat?o碱性岩-碳酸岩相关REE-P-U-Zr-Ni-Mo-蛭石成矿带;(Ⅱ)Rio de Janeiro-Rond?nia碱性岩-碳酸岩-金伯利岩相关的Nb-REE-Ti-Zr-P-金刚石成矿带;(Ⅲ)Ceará-Mato Grossodo Sul超基性岩-碱性岩-碳酸岩相关的Ni-U-P-蛭石成矿带;(Ⅳ)亚马逊地区碳酸岩相关Nb-REE-Th-Ti-P成矿带;(Ⅴ)巴伊亚地区与变正长岩相关的U成矿带。本文还详细介绍了典型矿床成矿地质特征和成矿条件,为走出去寻找关键矿产资源基地提供了理论支撑。
There are plenty of critical minerals deposits associated with alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite complexes in Brazil, such as the biggest niobium mine(Araxá)of the world, the world-only zircon deposit produced from nepheline syenite, and the biggest uranium and nickel deposit of Brazil. Economic geology related to alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite complexes are not only metallogeny interesting of critical metals, but are also economically important and strategic value. The main Critical Minerals deposits associated with alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite complexes could be divide into 4 metallogenic Series according the 35 representatives from the literature:①U-Zr-Mo-REE and fluorite matallogenic series related to agpaitic alkaline complexes;②Nb-P-Ti-REE and vermiculite matallogenic series associations alkaline-carbonatitic complexes;③Ni matallogenic series related to the Alaska-typemafic-ultramafic complexes;④U-P matallogenic series associations metasomatic "episyenites" and albitites.According to thetemporal spatial distribution, The Critical Minerals in Brazil also could be divided into 5 regional metallogenic belt:(Ⅰ) Lancinha-Cubat?o REE-P-U-Zr-Ni-Mo and vermiculite metallogenic belt;(Ⅱ) Rio de Janeiro-Rond?nia Nb-REE-Ti-Zr-P and diamond and 5 ore-concentrated area;(Ⅲ) Ceará-Mato Grossodo Sul Ni-U-P and vermiculiteMineralization zones;(Ⅳ) The Nb-REE-Th-Ti-Pmetallogenic belt in Amazon;(Ⅴ) The uranium ore-concentrated area of Bahia. This manuscripts also gives detail information of the typical critical ore deposit in Brazil, It would be helpful to find more strategic and critical Minerals resources in this area in the future.
There are plenty of critical minerals deposits associated with alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite complexes in Brazil, such as the biggest niobium mine(Araxá)of the world, the world-only zircon deposit produced from nepheline syenite, and the biggest uranium and nickel deposit of Brazil. Economic geology related to alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite complexes are not only metallogeny interesting of critical metals, but are also economically important and strategic value. The main Critical Minerals deposits associated with alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite complexes could be divide into 4 metallogenic Series according the 35 representatives from the literature:①U-Zr-Mo-REE and fluorite matallogenic series related to agpaitic alkaline complexes;②Nb-P-Ti-REE and vermiculite matallogenic series associations alkaline-carbonatitic complexes;③Ni matallogenic series related to the Alaska-typemafic-ultramafic complexes;④U-P matallogenic series associations metasomatic "episyenites" and albitites.According to thetemporal spatial distribution, The Critical Minerals in Brazil also could be divided into 5 regional metallogenic belt:(Ⅰ) Lancinha-Cubat?o REE-P-U-Zr-Ni-Mo and vermiculite metallogenic belt;(Ⅱ) Rio de Janeiro-Rond?nia Nb-REE-Ti-Zr-P and diamond and 5 ore-concentrated area;(Ⅲ) Ceará-Mato Grossodo Sul Ni-U-P and vermiculiteMineralization zones;(Ⅳ) The Nb-REE-Th-Ti-Pmetallogenic belt in Amazon;(Ⅴ) The uranium ore-concentrated area of Bahia. This manuscripts also gives detail information of the typical critical ore deposit in Brazil, It would be helpful to find more strategic and critical Minerals resources in this area in the future.
引文
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Lapido Loureiro F E V.1994.Terras raras no Brasil:Depósitos.Recursos identificados.Reservas.Estudos e Documentos no 21,MCTCNPq- CETEM,1～189.
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Bardet M G.1977.Géologie du diamant.Part 3:gisements de diamants d’Asie,d’Amérique,d’Europe et d’Australasie.Mémoires du Bureau de Récherches Géologiques et Minières 83,1～169.
Biondi J C.1974.Contribution à la connaissance des chéminées bréchiques d’origine volcanique.Docteur Ingénieur Thesis,University of Paris XI,Orsay,1～332.
Biondi J C,Lopez M.2017.Urucum Neoproterozoic-Cambrian manganese deposits (MS,Brazil):Biogenic participation in the ore genesis,geology,geochemistry,and depositional environment.Ore Geology Reviews,91:335～386.
Carvalho W T,Bressan S R.1997.Depósitos de fosfato,nióbio,titanio,terras raras e vermiculita de Catal?o I-Goiás.Principais depósitos minerais do Brasil-Rochas e minerais industriais.DNPMCPRM,.6～C:69～93.
Chen Xiaolong,Wang Xiaoqing,Chen Dandan,Gao Po,Gao Yaning.2017.Geological features and gold deposit types of Alta Floresta region,Brazil.Geological Bulletin of China,36(2):2179～2184 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Comin Chiaramonti P,Cundari A,Piccirillo E M,Gomes C B,De Min A.1997.Carbonatitic magmatism in the Paraná-Angola mantle plume system:petrological and isotope-geochemical bearing on the source mantle.Eos,Transaction,AGU 78 (46),F741.
Comin Chiaramonti P,Gomes C B,Marques L S,Censi P,Ruberti E,Antonini P.2005.Carbonatites from southeastern Brazil:geochemistry,OC,Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes and relationships with the magmatism from the Paraná-Angola-Namibia Province.Mesozoic to Cenozoic alkaline magmatism in the Brazilian Platform.Edusp/Fapesp,S?o Paulo,657～688.
Comin-Chiaramonti,P.,Gomes,C.B.,(eds.) 2005.Mesozoic to Cenozoic alkaline magmatism in the Brazilian Platform.Editora da Universidade de S?o Paulo,755 pp.
Delgado I M,Pedreira A J,Thorman C H.1994.Geology and Mineral Resources of Brazil:A Review,International Geology Review,36:6,503～544.
Dong Yongguan,Zeng Yong,Yao Chunyan,Gao Weihua;Guo Weimin.2015.Geological tectonic evolution and mineralization of metallic minerals in the South America platform.Resources Survey and Environment,(2):116～122 (in Chinese with English abstract).
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (EC),Study on the review of the list of Critical Raw Materials.2017.[EB/OL].http://www.europa.eu/.
Fraenkel M O,Santos R C,Loureiro F E VP,Muniz WS.1985.Jazida de uranio no Planalto de Po?os de Caldas.Minas Gerais.Principais depósitos minerais brasileiros-Recursos minerais energéticos.DNPM,1:89～103.
Frantsesson E V.1970.The petrology of the kimberlites.Translation of A.Brown.Department of Geology,Australian National University,Camberra,1～195.
Giovannini A L,Neto A C B,Porto C G,Pereira V P,Takehara L,Barbanson L.2017.Mineralogy and geochemistry of laterites from the Morro dos Seis Lagos Nb (Ti,REE) deposit (Amazonas,Brazil).Ore Geology Reviews,88:461～480.
Gomes C B,Ruberti E,Morbidelli L.1990.Carbonatite complexes from Brazil:A review.Journal of South American Earth Sciences,3:51～63.
Gonzaga G M,Tompkins L A.1991.Geologia do diamante.Principais depósitos minerais do Brasil,4:53～116.
Hasui Y,Cordani U G.1962.Idade K-Ar de rochas eruptivas mesozóicas do oeste mineiro e sul de Goiás.XXII Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia,Rio de Janeiro,Anais 1:139～143Pereira R F.2014.Nióbio.In:Sumário Mineral.Departamento Nacional da Produ?o Mineral,Brasília,94～95.
Inacio De Medeiros Delgado,Augusto J.Pedreira & Charles H.Thorman.1994.Geology and Mineral Resources of Brazil:A Review,International Geology Review,36:6,503～544.
Issa Filho A,Riffel B F,Souza C A F.2001.Some aspects of the mineralogy of CBMM niobium deposit and mining and pyrochlore ore processing-Araxá,MG,Brazil.Proceedings of the International Symposium on Niobium,55～61.
Janse A J A.1984.Kimberlites-Where and When.In:Glover J E,Harris P G (eds.) Kimberlites occurrence and origin:a basis for conceptual models in exploration.The Geology Department and University Extension Courses.The University of Western Australia,8:19～61.
Jannes Markus Mabesoone,何永年.巴西地质史[J].地震地质译丛,1989.37～44.
Justo L,Souza M M.1986.Jazida de nióbio do Morro dos Seis Lagos,Amazonas[J].Principais Depósitos Minerais do Brasil,2:463～468.
Lapido Loureiro F E V.1994.Terras raras no Brasil:Depósitos.Recursos identificados.Reservas.Estudos e Documentos no 21,MCTCNPq- CETEM,1～189.
Liang Fei.2018.General situation,supply and demand forecast and development strategy of beryllium resourcces in China.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Science,1～88 (in Chinese with English abstract).
London D.2008a.Pegmatites.Can.Mineral.10:1～347.
London D.2008b.The transition from granite to pegmatite.Joint Meeting of The Geological Society of America.Abstrct.Programs 40(6):1～336.
Mabesoone J M,He Yongnian.1989.Brazilian geological history.Seismology and Geology in translation,(2):37～44 (in Chinese without English abstract).
Melo M T V.1997.Depósitos de fosfato,titanio e nióbio de Tapira.Minas Gerais.Principais depósitos minerais do Brasil,2:41～56.
Milashev,V.A.1965.Pétrochimie des kimberlites de Yakoutie et les facteurs de leur minéralisation diamantifère.Translation by M.Morosoff.Bureau de Récherches Géologiques et Minières 5256,1～188.
Moller P,Morteani G,Schley F.1980.Discussion of REE distribution patterns on carbonatites and alkalic rocks.Lithos 13(2):171～179.
Morbidelli L,Gomes C B,Beccaluva L,Brotzu P,Conte A G,Ruberti E,Traversa G.1995.Mineralogical,petrological and geochemical aspects of alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite associations from Brazil.Earth-Science Reviews,39(3):135～168.
Oliveira S M B D,Trescases J J,Melfi A J.1992.Lateritic nickel deposits of Brazil[J].Mineralium Deposita,27(2):137～146.
Peng Qiming.2017.Increase the Deliverability of Strategic Minerals,Promote Rapid Development of Emerging Industry—Speech on the “Analysis and Discussion Conference of Supply and Demand Situations of Strategic Minerals”.Land and Resources Information.(1):1～3.
Ulbrich H G J,Ulbrich M N C.2000.The lujavrite and khibinite bodies in the Po?os de Caldas alkaline massif,southeastern Brazil:a structural and petrographic study.Revista Brasileira de Geociências.30:615～622.
USGS,Minerals Yearbook- Metals and Minerals.1999.[EB/OL].https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/beryllium-statistics-and-information.
USGS,Draft Critical Mineral List—Summary of Methodology and Background Information.2018.[EB/OL].https://www.usgs.gov/.
Veksler I V,Petibon C,Jenner G A,Dorfman A M,Dingwell D B.1998.Trace element partitioning in immiscible silicate-carbonate liquid system:an initial experimental study using acentrifuge autoclave.Journal of Petrology,39(11～12):2095～2104.
Xu Ming,Yao Zhongyou,Shen Mangting,Gao Tianshan,Zhou Yan.2017.Geological-structural background,deposit types and mineralization of S?o Francisco Craton in Bahia,Brazil.Geological Bulletin of China,36(12):2164～2178 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Denghong,Liu Shanbao,Yu Yang,Wang Chenghui,Sun Yan,Dai Hongzhang,Li Jiankang,Dai Jingjing,Zhao Ting,Ma Shenchao,Liu Lijun.2019.Exploration progress and development suggestion for the large-scale mining base of strategic critical mineral resources in western Sichuan.Acta Geologica Sinica,93(6).doi:10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2019082.
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