Development characteristics and controlling factor analysis of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation shallow water delta in Huanghekou area, Bohai offshore basin
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摘要
Based on a combination of high resolution 3-D seismic, drilling and well logging and core data, this study focuses on describing the depositional features of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation shallow water delta in Huanghekou area(HHKA), Bohai offshore basin and discussing the evolution and controlling factors of shallow water delta sandbody. An obvious meandering fluvial delta system developed in sequence 1(SQ1) of the Neogene in HHKA with thinner sandbody of distributary channels and poor development of mouth bar. The sequence texture obviously influences the vertical development and stacking pattern of sandbodies and controls the distribution of sandbodies in plain view as well. In shallow water lacustrine basins, relative topographic height difference leads to change of distribution of accommodation space, and sandbodies of distributary channels usually develop well in local low-lying areas where accommodation space increases. The delta is dominated by distributary channel sandbodies during the early period of base level rising. Sandbodies contact with each other in a lateral stacking pattern and are characterized by a fan shape in plain view. Distributary channels gradually narrow and tend to shift during the mid-late-period of base level rising, while the sandbodies are characterized by a net shape in plain view. During the period of base level slow falling, the multistory/multilateral channel sandbodies dominated the inner front of shallow-water delta and the delta sand dispersal distributes as a lobe shape.
Based on a combination of high resolution 3-D seismic, drilling and well logging and core data, this study focuses on describing the depositional features of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation shallow water delta in Huanghekou area(HHKA), Bohai offshore basin and discussing the evolution and controlling factors of shallow water delta sandbody. An obvious meandering fluvial delta system developed in sequence 1(SQ1) of the Neogene in HHKA with thinner sandbody of distributary channels and poor development of mouth bar. The sequence texture obviously influences the vertical development and stacking pattern of sandbodies and controls the distribution of sandbodies in plain view as well. In shallow water lacustrine basins, relative topographic height difference leads to change of distribution of accommodation space, and sandbodies of distributary channels usually develop well in local low-lying areas where accommodation space increases. The delta is dominated by distributary channel sandbodies during the early period of base level rising. Sandbodies contact with each other in a lateral stacking pattern and are characterized by a fan shape in plain view. Distributary channels gradually narrow and tend to shift during the mid-late-period of base level rising, while the sandbodies are characterized by a net shape in plain view. During the period of base level slow falling, the multistory/multilateral channel sandbodies dominated the inner front of shallow-water delta and the delta sand dispersal distributes as a lobe shape.
Based on a combination of high resolution 3-D seismic, drilling and well logging and core data, this study focuses on describing the depositional features of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation shallow water delta in Huanghekou area(HHKA), Bohai offshore basin and discussing the evolution and controlling factors of shallow water delta sandbody. An obvious meandering fluvial delta system developed in sequence 1(SQ1) of the Neogene in HHKA with thinner sandbody of distributary channels and poor development of mouth bar. The sequence texture obviously influences the vertical development and stacking pattern of sandbodies and controls the distribution of sandbodies in plain view as well. In shallow water lacustrine basins, relative topographic height difference leads to change of distribution of accommodation space, and sandbodies of distributary channels usually develop well in local low-lying areas where accommodation space increases. The delta is dominated by distributary channel sandbodies during the early period of base level rising. Sandbodies contact with each other in a lateral stacking pattern and are characterized by a fan shape in plain view. Distributary channels gradually narrow and tend to shift during the mid-late-period of base level rising, while the sandbodies are characterized by a net shape in plain view. During the period of base level slow falling, the multistory/multilateral channel sandbodies dominated the inner front of shallow-water delta and the delta sand dispersal distributes as a lobe shape.
引文
Allen,J.P.,and C.R.Fielding.2007.Sequence architecture within a lowaccommodation setting:An example from the Permian of the Galilee and Bowen basins,Queensland,Australia.AAPG Bulletin 91:1503-1539.
Alonso-Zarza,A.M.,Z.Zhao,C.H.Song,J.J.Li,J.Zhang,A.Martín-Pérez,R.Martín-García,X.X.Wang,,Y.Zhang,,and M.H.Zhang,2011.Mudflat/distal fan and shallow lake sedimentation(upper Vallesian-Turolian)in theTianshui Basin,Central China:Evidence against the late Miocene eolian loess.Sedimentary Geology 222:42-52.
Brendan,J.,O.Reilly,,H.X.Ge,,and L.G.Karl.2000.Fault geometry and kinematics in the Peng Lai 19-3 field,Bohai Bay,the People's Republic of China.AAPG Bulletin 84:1472.
Coleman,J.M.1988.Dynamic changes and processes in the Mississippi River delta.GSA Bulletin 100(7):999-1015.
Dai,L.,J.Li,X.Zhou,Z.Cui,,and J.Cheng.2007.Depositional system of the Neogene shallow water delta in Bohai Sea area.Lithologic Reservoirs19(4):75-81.(in Chinese with English abstract).
Darmadi,Y.,B.J.Willis,and S.L.Dorobek.2007.Three-dimensional seismic architecture of fluvial sequences on the low-gradient sunda shelf,offshore Indonesia.Journal of Sedimentary Research 77:225-238.
Donaldon,A.C.1974.Pennsylvanian sedimentation of central Appalalachians.Special Paper of Geological Society of America 148:47-78.
Feng,Y.,S.Jiang,S.Hu,S.Li,C.Lin,and X.Xie.2016.Sequence stratigraphy and importance of syndepositional structural slope-break for architecture of Paleogene syn-rift lacustrine strata,Bohai Bay Basin,E.China.Marine and Petroleum Geology 69:183-204.
Fisher,J.A.,G.J.Nichols,and D.A.Waltham.2007.Unconfined flow deposits in distal sectors of fluvial distributary systems:Examples from the Miocene Luna and Huesca systems,northern Spain.Sedimentary Geology 195:55-73.
Fisk,H.N.1961.Bar-finger sands of the Mississippi delta.In:A.P.James,et al.(Eds.),Geometry of sandstone bodies,SP22.Electronic Index of AAPGSpecial Publications,pp.29-52.
Ganil,M.R.,and J.P.Bhattacharya.2007.Basic building blocks and process variability of a cretaceous delta:Internal facies architecture reveals a more dynamic interaction of river,wave,and tidal processes than is indicated by external shape.Journal of Sedimentary Research 77(4):284-302.
Ghinassi,M.,Y.Libsekal,M.Papini,and L.Rook.2009.Palaeoenvironments of the Buia Homo site:High-resolution facies analysis and non-marine sequence stratigraphy in the Alat formation(Pleistocene Dandiero Basin,Danakil depression,Eritrea).Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology 280:415-431.
Gilbert,G.K.1885.The topographic features of Lake shores.Geological Survey Annual Report 5:75-123.
Glider,S.A.,P.H.Leloup,and V.Courtillot.1999.Tectonic evolution of Tancheng-Lujiang(tan-Lu)fault via middle Triassic to early Cenozoic paleomagnetic.Journal of Geophysical Research 104(B7):15365-15390.
Gong,Z.,G.Wang,and Q.He.2000.The Neogene:A main realm of hydrocarbon exploration in Bozhong sag and its surrounding areas.China Offshore Oil Gas(Geology)14(3):145-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hampson,G.J.,T.Elliott,and S.J.Davies.1997.The application of sequence stratigraphy to upper carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata of the onshore UK and Ireland:Implications for the southern North Sea.Journal of Geological Society,London 154:719-733.
Han,X.D.,Z.H.Lou,Y.M.Yao,W.D.Yang,and X.Y.Cai.2000.Analysis of the sedimentary dynamic process of the shallow-water Lake Delta in the Songliao Basin,Northeast China.Acta Mineralogica Sinica 20:305-313(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hoy,R.G.,and K.D.Ridgway.2003.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta deposystems,Pennsylvanian Minturn formation,Colorado.AAPG Bulletin 87(7):1169-1191.
Hsiao,L.Y.,S.A.Graham,and N.Tilander.2010.Stratigraphy and sedimentation in a rift basin modified by synchronous strike-slip deformation:Southern Xialiao basin,Bohai,offshore China.Basin Research 22:61-78.
Jervey,M.T.1988.Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequences and their seismic expression.In:Wilgus,C.K.,Hastings,B.S.,Kendall,C.G.St.C,Posamentier,H.W.,Ross,C.A.,Van Wagoner,J.C.(Eds.).Sea-level Changes:An integrated approach.Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists(SEPM),Special Publication 42:47-69.
Keumsuk,L.,G.A.McMechan,M.Ro,J.P.Gani,X.X.Zeng Bhattacharya,and C.D.Howell.2007.3-D architecture and sequence stratigraphic evolution of a forced regressive top-truncated mixed-influenced delta,cretaceous Wall Creek sandstone,Wyoming,U.S.A.Journal of Sedimentary Research77(4):284-302.
Lai,W.,J.Cheng,X.Zhou,J.Li,L.Dai,and Y.Zhang.2009.Stratigraphic sequence division and sandbody characteristics of peneplain deposits during lacustrine basin shrinking:A case study of lower member of Neogene Minghuazhen formation in the area of Yellow River mouth.China Offshore Oil and Gas 21(3):157-161(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lemons,D.R.,and M.A.Chan.1999.Facies architecture and sequence stratigraphy of fine-grained lacustrine deltas along the eastern margin of late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville,northern Utah and southern Idaho.AAPGBulletin 83:635-665.
Li,J.,H.Liu,C.Niu,and R.Guo.2014.Evolution regularity of the Neogene shallow water delta in the Laibei area,Bohai Bay Basin,northern China.Journal of Palaeogeography 3(3):257-269.
Lin,C.S.,Y.L.Pan,J.X.Xiao,F.X.Kong,J.Y.Liu,and H.R.Zheng.2000.Structural slope-break zone:Key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basin.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences)25:260-265(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,H.2014.Establishing the sequence-stratigraphic framework of a lacustrine basin during its withering period using multiple methods and technologies:A case study of the Neocene of the Huanghekou sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China.Disaster Advances 7(7):52-66.
Liu,H.,J.Meng,,and S.Banerjee.2017.Estimation of palaeo-slope and sediment volume of a lacustrine rift basin:A semi-quantitative study on the southern steep slope of the Shijiutuo uplift,Bohai Offshore Basin,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 147:148-163.
Liu,H.,Y.M.Wang,R.C.Xin,and Y.Wang.2006.Study on the slope break belts in the Jurassic down-warped lacustrine basin in western-margin area,Junggar Basin,northwestern China.Marine Petroleum Geology 23:913-930.
Liu,H.,Q.L.Xia,I.D.Somerville,Y.Wang,X.H.Zhou,C.M.Niu,X.F.Du,and X.T.Zhang.2015.Palaeogene of the Huanghekou sag in the Bohai Bay basin,NE China:Deposition-erosion response to a slope break system of rift lacustrine basins.Geological Journal 50:71-92.
Liu,H.,Q.L.Xia,and X.H.Zhou.2018.Geologic-seismic models,prediction of shallow-water lacustrine delta sandbody and hydrocarbon potential in the Late Miocene,Huanghekou sag,Bohai Bay basin,northern China.Journal of Palaeogeography 7(1):66-87.
Liu,H.,C.C.Zhao,Y.T.Ju,and X.H.Zhou.2016.Evolution of lacustrine basin in relation to variation in palaeowater depth and delta development:Neogene Bohai Bay basin,Huanghekou area,northern China.Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9:672.
Liu,L.H.,R.K.Zhu,P.Luo,C.M.Zhou,X.Y.Zhang,and W.L.Zhai.2009.Characteristics and depositional models for the shallow-water deltas of the 5th-6th interval,Xujiahe formation,upper Triassic in Central Sichuan Basin,China.Geoscience 23:667-675(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lü,X.G.,C.S.Li,X.Y.Cai,B.H.Li,and H.Q.Zhao.1999.Depositional characteristics and front facies reservoir framework model in SongLiao shallow lacustrine delta.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica 17:572-577(in Chinese with English abstract).
Muto,T.,and R.J.Steel.2000.The accommodation concept in sequence stratigraphy:Some dimensional problems and possible redefinition.Sedimentary Geology 130:1-10.
Neal,J.,and V.Abreu.2009.Sequence stratigraphy hierarchy and the accommodation succession method.Geology 37:779-782.
Nichols,G.J.2005.Sedimentary evolution of the lower Clair group,Devonian,west of Shetland:Climate and sediment supply controls on fluvial,aeolian and lacustrine deposition.In:A.G.Doréand B.A.Vining(Eds.).Petroleum geology:North West Europe and Global PerspectivesProceedings of the 6thPetroleum Geology Conference,957-967.London:Geological Society.
Nichols,G.J.,and J.A.Fisher.2007.Processes,facies and architecture of fluvial distributary system deposits.Sedimentary Geology 195:75-90.
North,C.P.,and S.K.Davidson.2012.Unconfined alluvial flow processes:Recognition and interpretation of their deposits,and the significance for palaeogeographic reconstruction.Earth-Science Reviews 111:199-223.
Plint,A.G.2000.Sequence stratigraphy and paleogeography of a Cenomanian deltaic complex:The Dunvegan and lower Kaskapau formations in subsurface and outcrop,Alberta and British Columbia,Canada.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 48(1):43-79.
Plint,A.G.,P.J.Mccarthy,and U.F.Faccini.2001.Nonmarine sequence stratigraphy:Updip expression of sequence boundaries and systems tracts in a high-resolution framework,Cenomanian Dunvegan formation,Alberta foreland basin,Canada.AAPG Bulletin 85:1967-2001.
Postma,G.1990.An analysis of the variation in delta architecture.Terra Nova 2(2):124-130.
Qi,J.F.,R.J.Deng,X.H.Zhou,and K.X.Zhang.2008.Structural characteristics of the Tanlu fault zone in Cenozoic basins of offshore Bohai.Science in China(Series D)38(suppl):19-29.
Schellart,W.P.,and G.S.Lister.2005.The role of east Asian active margin in widespread and strike-slip deformation in East Asia.Journal of Geological Society 162:959-972.
Tian,L.,H.Yu,X.Zhou,W.Peng,and Y.Wang.2009.Major control factors of petroleum accumulation in Huanghekou sag.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology30(3):319-321(in Chinese with English abstract).
Vail,P.R.,F.Audemard,S.A.Bowman,et al.1991.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology:An overview.In Cycles and events in stratigraphy,617-659.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.
Vail,P.R.,R.M.Mitchum,S.Thompson.1977.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level.In:Payton,C.E.(Ed.),Seismic stratigraphy and applications to hydrocarbon exploration,AAPG Memoir 26:83-97.
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Zhu,W.,J.Li,X.Zhou,and Y.Guo.2008.Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica 26(4):575-582(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,X.M.,H.L.Zeng,S.L.Li,Y.L.Dong,S.F.Zhu,D.N.Zhao,and W.Huang.2017.Sedimentary characteristics and seismic geomorphologic responses of a shallow-water delta in the Qingshankou formation from the Songliao Basin,China.Marine and Petroleum Geology 79:131-148.
Zou,C.N.,X.Y.Zhang,P.Luo,L.Wang,Z.Luo,and L.H.Liu.2010.Shallowlacustrine sand-rich deltaic depositional cycles and sequence stratigraphy of the upper TriassicYanchang formation,Ordos Basin,China.Basin Research 22:108-125.
Alonso-Zarza,A.M.,Z.Zhao,C.H.Song,J.J.Li,J.Zhang,A.Martín-Pérez,R.Martín-García,X.X.Wang,,Y.Zhang,,and M.H.Zhang,2011.Mudflat/distal fan and shallow lake sedimentation(upper Vallesian-Turolian)in theTianshui Basin,Central China:Evidence against the late Miocene eolian loess.Sedimentary Geology 222:42-52.
Brendan,J.,O.Reilly,,H.X.Ge,,and L.G.Karl.2000.Fault geometry and kinematics in the Peng Lai 19-3 field,Bohai Bay,the People's Republic of China.AAPG Bulletin 84:1472.
Coleman,J.M.1988.Dynamic changes and processes in the Mississippi River delta.GSA Bulletin 100(7):999-1015.
Dai,L.,J.Li,X.Zhou,Z.Cui,,and J.Cheng.2007.Depositional system of the Neogene shallow water delta in Bohai Sea area.Lithologic Reservoirs19(4):75-81.(in Chinese with English abstract).
Darmadi,Y.,B.J.Willis,and S.L.Dorobek.2007.Three-dimensional seismic architecture of fluvial sequences on the low-gradient sunda shelf,offshore Indonesia.Journal of Sedimentary Research 77:225-238.
Donaldon,A.C.1974.Pennsylvanian sedimentation of central Appalalachians.Special Paper of Geological Society of America 148:47-78.
Feng,Y.,S.Jiang,S.Hu,S.Li,C.Lin,and X.Xie.2016.Sequence stratigraphy and importance of syndepositional structural slope-break for architecture of Paleogene syn-rift lacustrine strata,Bohai Bay Basin,E.China.Marine and Petroleum Geology 69:183-204.
Fisher,J.A.,G.J.Nichols,and D.A.Waltham.2007.Unconfined flow deposits in distal sectors of fluvial distributary systems:Examples from the Miocene Luna and Huesca systems,northern Spain.Sedimentary Geology 195:55-73.
Fisk,H.N.1961.Bar-finger sands of the Mississippi delta.In:A.P.James,et al.(Eds.),Geometry of sandstone bodies,SP22.Electronic Index of AAPGSpecial Publications,pp.29-52.
Ganil,M.R.,and J.P.Bhattacharya.2007.Basic building blocks and process variability of a cretaceous delta:Internal facies architecture reveals a more dynamic interaction of river,wave,and tidal processes than is indicated by external shape.Journal of Sedimentary Research 77(4):284-302.
Ghinassi,M.,Y.Libsekal,M.Papini,and L.Rook.2009.Palaeoenvironments of the Buia Homo site:High-resolution facies analysis and non-marine sequence stratigraphy in the Alat formation(Pleistocene Dandiero Basin,Danakil depression,Eritrea).Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology 280:415-431.
Gilbert,G.K.1885.The topographic features of Lake shores.Geological Survey Annual Report 5:75-123.
Glider,S.A.,P.H.Leloup,and V.Courtillot.1999.Tectonic evolution of Tancheng-Lujiang(tan-Lu)fault via middle Triassic to early Cenozoic paleomagnetic.Journal of Geophysical Research 104(B7):15365-15390.
Gong,Z.,G.Wang,and Q.He.2000.The Neogene:A main realm of hydrocarbon exploration in Bozhong sag and its surrounding areas.China Offshore Oil Gas(Geology)14(3):145-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hampson,G.J.,T.Elliott,and S.J.Davies.1997.The application of sequence stratigraphy to upper carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata of the onshore UK and Ireland:Implications for the southern North Sea.Journal of Geological Society,London 154:719-733.
Han,X.D.,Z.H.Lou,Y.M.Yao,W.D.Yang,and X.Y.Cai.2000.Analysis of the sedimentary dynamic process of the shallow-water Lake Delta in the Songliao Basin,Northeast China.Acta Mineralogica Sinica 20:305-313(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hoy,R.G.,and K.D.Ridgway.2003.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta deposystems,Pennsylvanian Minturn formation,Colorado.AAPG Bulletin 87(7):1169-1191.
Hsiao,L.Y.,S.A.Graham,and N.Tilander.2010.Stratigraphy and sedimentation in a rift basin modified by synchronous strike-slip deformation:Southern Xialiao basin,Bohai,offshore China.Basin Research 22:61-78.
Jervey,M.T.1988.Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequences and their seismic expression.In:Wilgus,C.K.,Hastings,B.S.,Kendall,C.G.St.C,Posamentier,H.W.,Ross,C.A.,Van Wagoner,J.C.(Eds.).Sea-level Changes:An integrated approach.Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists(SEPM),Special Publication 42:47-69.
Keumsuk,L.,G.A.McMechan,M.Ro,J.P.Gani,X.X.Zeng Bhattacharya,and C.D.Howell.2007.3-D architecture and sequence stratigraphic evolution of a forced regressive top-truncated mixed-influenced delta,cretaceous Wall Creek sandstone,Wyoming,U.S.A.Journal of Sedimentary Research77(4):284-302.
Lai,W.,J.Cheng,X.Zhou,J.Li,L.Dai,and Y.Zhang.2009.Stratigraphic sequence division and sandbody characteristics of peneplain deposits during lacustrine basin shrinking:A case study of lower member of Neogene Minghuazhen formation in the area of Yellow River mouth.China Offshore Oil and Gas 21(3):157-161(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lemons,D.R.,and M.A.Chan.1999.Facies architecture and sequence stratigraphy of fine-grained lacustrine deltas along the eastern margin of late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville,northern Utah and southern Idaho.AAPGBulletin 83:635-665.
Li,J.,H.Liu,C.Niu,and R.Guo.2014.Evolution regularity of the Neogene shallow water delta in the Laibei area,Bohai Bay Basin,northern China.Journal of Palaeogeography 3(3):257-269.
Lin,C.S.,Y.L.Pan,J.X.Xiao,F.X.Kong,J.Y.Liu,and H.R.Zheng.2000.Structural slope-break zone:Key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basin.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences)25:260-265(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,H.2014.Establishing the sequence-stratigraphic framework of a lacustrine basin during its withering period using multiple methods and technologies:A case study of the Neocene of the Huanghekou sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China.Disaster Advances 7(7):52-66.
Liu,H.,J.Meng,,and S.Banerjee.2017.Estimation of palaeo-slope and sediment volume of a lacustrine rift basin:A semi-quantitative study on the southern steep slope of the Shijiutuo uplift,Bohai Offshore Basin,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 147:148-163.
Liu,H.,Y.M.Wang,R.C.Xin,and Y.Wang.2006.Study on the slope break belts in the Jurassic down-warped lacustrine basin in western-margin area,Junggar Basin,northwestern China.Marine Petroleum Geology 23:913-930.
Liu,H.,Q.L.Xia,I.D.Somerville,Y.Wang,X.H.Zhou,C.M.Niu,X.F.Du,and X.T.Zhang.2015.Palaeogene of the Huanghekou sag in the Bohai Bay basin,NE China:Deposition-erosion response to a slope break system of rift lacustrine basins.Geological Journal 50:71-92.
Liu,H.,Q.L.Xia,and X.H.Zhou.2018.Geologic-seismic models,prediction of shallow-water lacustrine delta sandbody and hydrocarbon potential in the Late Miocene,Huanghekou sag,Bohai Bay basin,northern China.Journal of Palaeogeography 7(1):66-87.
Liu,H.,C.C.Zhao,Y.T.Ju,and X.H.Zhou.2016.Evolution of lacustrine basin in relation to variation in palaeowater depth and delta development:Neogene Bohai Bay basin,Huanghekou area,northern China.Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9:672.
Liu,L.H.,R.K.Zhu,P.Luo,C.M.Zhou,X.Y.Zhang,and W.L.Zhai.2009.Characteristics and depositional models for the shallow-water deltas of the 5th-6th interval,Xujiahe formation,upper Triassic in Central Sichuan Basin,China.Geoscience 23:667-675(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lü,X.G.,C.S.Li,X.Y.Cai,B.H.Li,and H.Q.Zhao.1999.Depositional characteristics and front facies reservoir framework model in SongLiao shallow lacustrine delta.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica 17:572-577(in Chinese with English abstract).
Muto,T.,and R.J.Steel.2000.The accommodation concept in sequence stratigraphy:Some dimensional problems and possible redefinition.Sedimentary Geology 130:1-10.
Neal,J.,and V.Abreu.2009.Sequence stratigraphy hierarchy and the accommodation succession method.Geology 37:779-782.
Nichols,G.J.2005.Sedimentary evolution of the lower Clair group,Devonian,west of Shetland:Climate and sediment supply controls on fluvial,aeolian and lacustrine deposition.In:A.G.Doréand B.A.Vining(Eds.).Petroleum geology:North West Europe and Global PerspectivesProceedings of the 6thPetroleum Geology Conference,957-967.London:Geological Society.
Nichols,G.J.,and J.A.Fisher.2007.Processes,facies and architecture of fluvial distributary system deposits.Sedimentary Geology 195:75-90.
North,C.P.,and S.K.Davidson.2012.Unconfined alluvial flow processes:Recognition and interpretation of their deposits,and the significance for palaeogeographic reconstruction.Earth-Science Reviews 111:199-223.
Plint,A.G.2000.Sequence stratigraphy and paleogeography of a Cenomanian deltaic complex:The Dunvegan and lower Kaskapau formations in subsurface and outcrop,Alberta and British Columbia,Canada.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 48(1):43-79.
Plint,A.G.,P.J.Mccarthy,and U.F.Faccini.2001.Nonmarine sequence stratigraphy:Updip expression of sequence boundaries and systems tracts in a high-resolution framework,Cenomanian Dunvegan formation,Alberta foreland basin,Canada.AAPG Bulletin 85:1967-2001.
Postma,G.1990.An analysis of the variation in delta architecture.Terra Nova 2(2):124-130.
Qi,J.F.,R.J.Deng,X.H.Zhou,and K.X.Zhang.2008.Structural characteristics of the Tanlu fault zone in Cenozoic basins of offshore Bohai.Science in China(Series D)38(suppl):19-29.
Schellart,W.P.,and G.S.Lister.2005.The role of east Asian active margin in widespread and strike-slip deformation in East Asia.Journal of Geological Society 162:959-972.
Tian,L.,H.Yu,X.Zhou,W.Peng,and Y.Wang.2009.Major control factors of petroleum accumulation in Huanghekou sag.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology30(3):319-321(in Chinese with English abstract).
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