基于波动方程的叠前地震反演
|
摘要
随着地震勘探和开发的不断深入,面向地质目标的精细储层预测技术变得越来越重要.由于透射损失、层间多次波、波模式转换以及随机噪声等的影响,观测地震数据和待反演的地下介质属性之间呈现出很强的非线性.考虑到这些非线性,本文基于积分波动方程开展叠前地震反演,从观测地震数据中恢复出介质属性和整体波场,其中反演参数是波动方程中的压缩系数、剪切柔度和密度的对比度,相比于常规线性AVO反演的波阻抗弹性参数,它们对流体指示有更强的敏感性.在反演过程中,从平滑的低频背景场出发,交替迭代求解数据方程和目标方程.采用乘性正则化方法于共轭梯度框架下求解反演参数,采用优化的散射级数Neumann序列获得整体波场,这种方法不易陷入局部极值,能收敛到正确解.测井资料和典型山前带模型测试表明,利用上述反演方法能获得高分辨率的深度域地下介质属性,可直接进行储层预测和解释.
With the steady deeping of seismic exploration and development,geological target oriented fine reservoir prediction technology becomes more and more important.Because of the influences of transmission loss,multiple waves,mode-conversions and random noise,the relationship between observational seismic data and subsurface media property is essentially nonlinear.In view of this nonlinear relationship,aprestack seismic inversion based on integral wave equation was carried out in this work,which recovers the subsurface media property and total wavefield from the observation seismic data.During this process,the inversion parameters in the wave equation are contrasts of compressibility(1/bulk-modulus),shear compliance(1/shear modulus)and density.These parameters show stronger sensibility to oil and gas fluid indication than impedance properties that logically follow from the linearized reflectivity model.Starting from a smooth background,the data equation and domain equation were alternatively and iterativelysolved,in which contrast parameters were inverted with multiplicative regularization based on the conjugate gradient method,total wavefield were updated with scattering series Neumann sequence.With this scheme,it seems less likely to be trapped in local minima and converges to the exact solution.Tests on well-log synthetic and the typically foothill belt model show high resolution of inversion results in the deep domain from the suggested inversion method in this paper,which could be used directly for reservoir prediction and interpretation.
With the steady deeping of seismic exploration and development,geological target oriented fine reservoir prediction technology becomes more and more important.Because of the influences of transmission loss,multiple waves,mode-conversions and random noise,the relationship between observational seismic data and subsurface media property is essentially nonlinear.In view of this nonlinear relationship,aprestack seismic inversion based on integral wave equation was carried out in this work,which recovers the subsurface media property and total wavefield from the observation seismic data.During this process,the inversion parameters in the wave equation are contrasts of compressibility(1/bulk-modulus),shear compliance(1/shear modulus)and density.These parameters show stronger sensibility to oil and gas fluid indication than impedance properties that logically follow from the linearized reflectivity model.Starting from a smooth background,the data equation and domain equation were alternatively and iterativelysolved,in which contrast parameters were inverted with multiplicative regularization based on the conjugate gradient method,total wavefield were updated with scattering series Neumann sequence.With this scheme,it seems less likely to be trapped in local minima and converges to the exact solution.Tests on well-log synthetic and the typically foothill belt model show high resolution of inversion results in the deep domain from the suggested inversion method in this paper,which could be used directly for reservoir prediction and interpretation.
引文
Abubakar A,Van den Berg P M,Habashy T M,et al.2004.Amultiplicative regularization approach for deblurring problems.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,13(11):1524-1532.
Aki K,Richards P G.1980.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods.San Francisco:W.H.Freeman.
Beller M,Doulgeris P,Gisolf A,et al.2015.Resolving carboniferous stacked channel sequences with a non-linear AVO technology.∥77th Conference and Exhibition.EAGE.
Buland A,Landr? M,Andersen M,et al.1996.AVO inversion of troll field data.Geophysics,61(6):1589-1602.
Cambois G.2000.AVO inversion and elastic impedance.∥2000SEG Annual Meeting.Calgary,Alberta:SEG,142-145.
Cao D P.2015.The upscaling method of the well logging data based on Backus equivalence average method.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),54(1):105-111.
Chen H Z,Yin X Y,Zhang J Q,et al.2014.Seismic inversion for fracture rock physics parameters using azimuthally anisotropic elastic impedance.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(10):3431-3441,doi:10.6038/cjg20141029.
Chen J J,Yin X Y.2007.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),50(4):1251-1260.
Connolly P.1999.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,18(4):438-452.
De Hoop A T.1995.Handbook of Radiation and Scattering of Waves.London:Academic Press.
Dingle R B.1973.Asymptotic Expansions:Their Derivation and Interpretation.London:Academic Press.
Dong L G,Chi B X,Tao J X,et al.2013.Objective function behavior in acoustic full-waveform inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(10):3445-3460,doi:10.6038/cjg20131020.
Fuchs K,Müller G.1971.Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity method and comparison with observations.Geophysical Journal International,23(4):417-433.
Gisolf D,Verschuur E.2010.The Principles of Quantitative Acoustical Imaging.Houten,The Netherlands:EAGE Publications.
Gouveia W P,Scales J A.1998.Bayesian seismic waveform inversion:Parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis.Journal of Geophysical Research,103(B2):2759-2779.
Haffinger P R,von Wussow P,Doulgeris P,et al.2015.Reservoir delineation by applying a nonlinear AVO technique-A case study in the Nile Delta.∥77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition.Spain:EAGE.
Haffinger P R,Jedari Eyvazi F,Steeghs T P H,et al.2016.Quantitative prediction of injected CO2at Sleipner using waveequation based AVO.∥78th Conference and Exhibition.Vienna,Austria:EAGE.
Kennett B L N.1979.Theoretical reflection seismograms for elastic media.Geophysical Prospecting,27(2):301-321.
Kennett B L N,Kerry N J.1979.Seismic waves in a stratified half space.Geophysical Journal International,57(3):557-583.
Kennett B L N.1983.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Kleinman R E,Van den Berg P M.1991.Iterative methods for solving integral equations.Radio Science,26(1):175-181.
Li X,Aravkin A Y,van Leeuwen T,et al.2012.Fast randomized full-waveform inversion with compressive sensing.Geophysics,77(3):A13-A17.
Liu C,Pei S J,Guo Z Q,et al.2017.The application of seismic amplitude inversion for the characterization of interbedded sand-shale reservoirs.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(5):1893-1902,doi:10.6038/cjg20170523.
Liu H X,Li J Y,Chen X H,et al.2016.Amplitude variation with offset inversion using the reflectivity method.Geophysics,81(4):R185-R195.
Mallick S.1999.Some practical aspects of prestack waveform inversion using a genetic algorithm:An example from the east Texas Woodbine gas sand.Geophysics,64(2):326-336.
Mallick S,Adhikari S.2015.Amplitude-variation-with-offset and prestack-waveform inversion:A direct comparison using a real data example from the Rock Springs Uplift,Wyoming,USA.Geophysics,80(2):B45-B59.
Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.1998.The Rock Physics Handbook.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Muller G.1985.The reflectivity method:A tutorial.Journal of Geophysics,58(3):153-174.
Padhi A,Mallick S,Fortin W,et al.2015.2-D ocean temperature and salinity images from pre-stack seismic waveform inversion methods:An example from the South China Sea.Geophysical Journal International,202(2):800-810.
Sen M K,Roy I G.2003.Computation of differential seismograms and iteration adaptive regularization in prestack waveform inversion.Geophysics,68(6):2026-2039.
Shuey R T.1985.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations.Geophysics,50(4):609-614.
Tarantola A.1984a.Inversion of seismic reflection data in the acoustic approximation.Geophysics,49(8):1259-1266.
Tarantola A.1984b.Linearized inversion of seismic reflection data.Geophysical Prospecting,32(6):998-1015.
Thomson W T.1950.Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified solid medium.Journal of applied Physics,21(2):89-93.
Van den Berg P M,Aubakar A.2001.Contrast source inversion method:State of art.Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,15(11):1503-1505.
Van den Berg P M,Abubakar A,Fokkema J T.2003.Multiplicative regularization for contrast profile inversion.Radio Science,38(2):8022.
Virieux J,Operto S.2009.An overview of full-waveform inversion in exploration geophysics.Geophysics,74(6):WCC1-WCC26.
Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.2005.Elastic impedance inversion and its application.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(1):89-92.
Wang Y F.2007.Computational Methods for Inverse Problems and Their Application(New Frontiers for Sciences)(in Chinese).Beijing:Higher Education Press.
Wang Y F,Stepanova I E,Titarink V N,et al.2011.Inverse Problems in Geophysics and Solution Methods(Series in Global Change and Earth System Science)(in Chinese).Beijing:Higher Education Press.
Wang Y F,Yang C C,Yagola A G.2011.Optimization and Regularization for Computational Inverse Problems and Applications.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer.
Yang J Q,Abubakar A,Van den Berg P M,et al.2008.A CG-FFT approach to the solution of a stress-velocity formulation of three-dimensional elastic scattering problems.Journal of Computational Physics,227(24):10018-10039.
Yang P J,Mu X,Yin X Y.2009.Prestack three-term simultaneous inversion method and its application.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),30(2):232-236.
Yao Z A,Sun C Y.2017.AVA/AVF characteristic analysis of fluid-containing thin-bed in time-lapse seismic.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),47(3):884-898.
Yin X Y,Cao D P,Wang B L,et al.2014.Research progress of fluid discrimination with pre-stack seismic inversion.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(1):22-34,46.
Zhao H S,Ursin B,Amundsen L.1994.Frequency-wavenumber elastic inversion of marine seismic data.Geophysics,59(12):1868-1881.
Zong Z Y,Yin X Y,Wu G C.2012.Fluid identification method based on compressional and shear modulus direct inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(1):284-292,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.028.
曹丹平.2015.基于Backus等效平均的测井资料尺度粗化方法研究.石油物探,54(1):105-111.
陈怀震,印兴耀,张金强等.2014.基于方位各向异性弹性阻抗的裂缝岩石物理参数反演方法研究.地球物理学报,57(10):3431-3441,doi:10.6038/cjg20141029.
陈建江,印兴耀.2007.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演.地球物理学报,50(4):1251-1260.
董良国,迟本鑫,陶纪霞等.2013.声波全波形反演目标函数性态.地球物理学报,56(10):3445-3460,doi:10.6038/cjg20131020.
刘财,裴思嘉,郭智奇等.2017.地震波形反演技术在砂泥岩薄互层结构表征中的应用.地球物理学报,60(5):1893-1902,doi:10.6038/cjg20170523.
王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.2005.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究.地球物理学进展,20(1):89-92.
王彦飞.2007.反演问题的计算方法及其应用[当代科学前沿论丛].北京:高等教育出版社.
王彦飞,斯捷潘诺娃I E,提塔连科V N等.2011.地球物理数值反演问题[全球变化与地球系统科学系列丛书].北京:高等教育出版社.
杨培杰,穆星,印兴耀.2009.叠前三参数同步反演方法及其应用.石油学报,30(2):232-236.
姚振岸,孙成禹.2017.含流体薄层时移地震AVA/AVF特征分析.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),47(3):884-898.
印兴耀,曹丹平,王保丽等.2014.基于叠前地震反演的流体识别方法研究进展.石油地球物理勘探,49(1):22-34,46.
宗兆云,印兴耀,吴国忱.2012.基于叠前地震纵横波模量直接反演的流体检测方法.地球物理学报,55(1):284-292,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.028.
Aki K,Richards P G.1980.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods.San Francisco:W.H.Freeman.
Beller M,Doulgeris P,Gisolf A,et al.2015.Resolving carboniferous stacked channel sequences with a non-linear AVO technology.∥77th Conference and Exhibition.EAGE.
Buland A,Landr? M,Andersen M,et al.1996.AVO inversion of troll field data.Geophysics,61(6):1589-1602.
Cambois G.2000.AVO inversion and elastic impedance.∥2000SEG Annual Meeting.Calgary,Alberta:SEG,142-145.
Cao D P.2015.The upscaling method of the well logging data based on Backus equivalence average method.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),54(1):105-111.
Chen H Z,Yin X Y,Zhang J Q,et al.2014.Seismic inversion for fracture rock physics parameters using azimuthally anisotropic elastic impedance.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(10):3431-3441,doi:10.6038/cjg20141029.
Chen J J,Yin X Y.2007.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),50(4):1251-1260.
Connolly P.1999.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,18(4):438-452.
De Hoop A T.1995.Handbook of Radiation and Scattering of Waves.London:Academic Press.
Dingle R B.1973.Asymptotic Expansions:Their Derivation and Interpretation.London:Academic Press.
Dong L G,Chi B X,Tao J X,et al.2013.Objective function behavior in acoustic full-waveform inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(10):3445-3460,doi:10.6038/cjg20131020.
Fuchs K,Müller G.1971.Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity method and comparison with observations.Geophysical Journal International,23(4):417-433.
Gisolf D,Verschuur E.2010.The Principles of Quantitative Acoustical Imaging.Houten,The Netherlands:EAGE Publications.
Gouveia W P,Scales J A.1998.Bayesian seismic waveform inversion:Parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis.Journal of Geophysical Research,103(B2):2759-2779.
Haffinger P R,von Wussow P,Doulgeris P,et al.2015.Reservoir delineation by applying a nonlinear AVO technique-A case study in the Nile Delta.∥77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition.Spain:EAGE.
Haffinger P R,Jedari Eyvazi F,Steeghs T P H,et al.2016.Quantitative prediction of injected CO2at Sleipner using waveequation based AVO.∥78th Conference and Exhibition.Vienna,Austria:EAGE.
Kennett B L N.1979.Theoretical reflection seismograms for elastic media.Geophysical Prospecting,27(2):301-321.
Kennett B L N,Kerry N J.1979.Seismic waves in a stratified half space.Geophysical Journal International,57(3):557-583.
Kennett B L N.1983.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Kleinman R E,Van den Berg P M.1991.Iterative methods for solving integral equations.Radio Science,26(1):175-181.
Li X,Aravkin A Y,van Leeuwen T,et al.2012.Fast randomized full-waveform inversion with compressive sensing.Geophysics,77(3):A13-A17.
Liu C,Pei S J,Guo Z Q,et al.2017.The application of seismic amplitude inversion for the characterization of interbedded sand-shale reservoirs.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(5):1893-1902,doi:10.6038/cjg20170523.
Liu H X,Li J Y,Chen X H,et al.2016.Amplitude variation with offset inversion using the reflectivity method.Geophysics,81(4):R185-R195.
Mallick S.1999.Some practical aspects of prestack waveform inversion using a genetic algorithm:An example from the east Texas Woodbine gas sand.Geophysics,64(2):326-336.
Mallick S,Adhikari S.2015.Amplitude-variation-with-offset and prestack-waveform inversion:A direct comparison using a real data example from the Rock Springs Uplift,Wyoming,USA.Geophysics,80(2):B45-B59.
Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.1998.The Rock Physics Handbook.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Muller G.1985.The reflectivity method:A tutorial.Journal of Geophysics,58(3):153-174.
Padhi A,Mallick S,Fortin W,et al.2015.2-D ocean temperature and salinity images from pre-stack seismic waveform inversion methods:An example from the South China Sea.Geophysical Journal International,202(2):800-810.
Sen M K,Roy I G.2003.Computation of differential seismograms and iteration adaptive regularization in prestack waveform inversion.Geophysics,68(6):2026-2039.
Shuey R T.1985.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations.Geophysics,50(4):609-614.
Tarantola A.1984a.Inversion of seismic reflection data in the acoustic approximation.Geophysics,49(8):1259-1266.
Tarantola A.1984b.Linearized inversion of seismic reflection data.Geophysical Prospecting,32(6):998-1015.
Thomson W T.1950.Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified solid medium.Journal of applied Physics,21(2):89-93.
Van den Berg P M,Aubakar A.2001.Contrast source inversion method:State of art.Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,15(11):1503-1505.
Van den Berg P M,Abubakar A,Fokkema J T.2003.Multiplicative regularization for contrast profile inversion.Radio Science,38(2):8022.
Virieux J,Operto S.2009.An overview of full-waveform inversion in exploration geophysics.Geophysics,74(6):WCC1-WCC26.
Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.2005.Elastic impedance inversion and its application.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(1):89-92.
Wang Y F.2007.Computational Methods for Inverse Problems and Their Application(New Frontiers for Sciences)(in Chinese).Beijing:Higher Education Press.
Wang Y F,Stepanova I E,Titarink V N,et al.2011.Inverse Problems in Geophysics and Solution Methods(Series in Global Change and Earth System Science)(in Chinese).Beijing:Higher Education Press.
Wang Y F,Yang C C,Yagola A G.2011.Optimization and Regularization for Computational Inverse Problems and Applications.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer.
Yang J Q,Abubakar A,Van den Berg P M,et al.2008.A CG-FFT approach to the solution of a stress-velocity formulation of three-dimensional elastic scattering problems.Journal of Computational Physics,227(24):10018-10039.
Yang P J,Mu X,Yin X Y.2009.Prestack three-term simultaneous inversion method and its application.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),30(2):232-236.
Yao Z A,Sun C Y.2017.AVA/AVF characteristic analysis of fluid-containing thin-bed in time-lapse seismic.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),47(3):884-898.
Yin X Y,Cao D P,Wang B L,et al.2014.Research progress of fluid discrimination with pre-stack seismic inversion.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(1):22-34,46.
Zhao H S,Ursin B,Amundsen L.1994.Frequency-wavenumber elastic inversion of marine seismic data.Geophysics,59(12):1868-1881.
Zong Z Y,Yin X Y,Wu G C.2012.Fluid identification method based on compressional and shear modulus direct inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(1):284-292,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.028.
曹丹平.2015.基于Backus等效平均的测井资料尺度粗化方法研究.石油物探,54(1):105-111.
陈怀震,印兴耀,张金强等.2014.基于方位各向异性弹性阻抗的裂缝岩石物理参数反演方法研究.地球物理学报,57(10):3431-3441,doi:10.6038/cjg20141029.
陈建江,印兴耀.2007.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演.地球物理学报,50(4):1251-1260.
董良国,迟本鑫,陶纪霞等.2013.声波全波形反演目标函数性态.地球物理学报,56(10):3445-3460,doi:10.6038/cjg20131020.
刘财,裴思嘉,郭智奇等.2017.地震波形反演技术在砂泥岩薄互层结构表征中的应用.地球物理学报,60(5):1893-1902,doi:10.6038/cjg20170523.
王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.2005.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究.地球物理学进展,20(1):89-92.
王彦飞.2007.反演问题的计算方法及其应用[当代科学前沿论丛].北京:高等教育出版社.
王彦飞,斯捷潘诺娃I E,提塔连科V N等.2011.地球物理数值反演问题[全球变化与地球系统科学系列丛书].北京:高等教育出版社.
杨培杰,穆星,印兴耀.2009.叠前三参数同步反演方法及其应用.石油学报,30(2):232-236.
姚振岸,孙成禹.2017.含流体薄层时移地震AVA/AVF特征分析.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),47(3):884-898.
印兴耀,曹丹平,王保丽等.2014.基于叠前地震反演的流体识别方法研究进展.石油地球物理勘探,49(1):22-34,46.
宗兆云,印兴耀,吴国忱.2012.基于叠前地震纵横波模量直接反演的流体检测方法.地球物理学报,55(1):284-292,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.028.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |