末次盛冰期以来中国南方C_3/C_4植被时空演化及影响机制
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摘要
当前中国南方C_3/C_4植被演化的研究开展得较少,且C_3/C_4植被演化的主要影响机制也不明确.这有碍于全面了解不同气候环境下C_3和C_4植物竞争机制及其与气候要素的关系,也不利于评估未来气候变化对区域C_3/C_4植被的影响.事实上,区域尺度C_3/C_4植被变化对全球碳循环和农业生产有着重要的影响.由此可见,重建中国南方地区C_3/C_4植被的演化历史并理清气候变化对其影响机制显得尤为重要.文章选取了长江以南地区的湛江湖光岩玛珥湖、泸沽湖、星云湖、鄱阳湖、龙感湖、白马湖、东钱湖和梵净山九龙池等8个湖泊以及定南、南屯、袍烈和铭爱村等4个泥炭沉积记录系统地开展了高碳数正构烷烃稳定碳同位素(δ~(13)C)分析,重建了末次盛冰期以来南方地区C_3/C_4植被的时空演化,并结合已有的古气候记录试图探讨影响研究区C_4植物丰度变化的气候要素.湛江湖光岩玛珥湖、星云湖和泸沽湖3个钻孔岩芯和定南泥炭样品的高碳数(C_(27)～C_(33))正构烷烃δ~(13)C均值的集成结果表明:从末次盛冰期至全新世早期C_4植物比例呈逐渐增加趋势,从21%升高到34%,而到全新世中期C_4植物比例显著降低,最低达到10%.在空间上,末次盛冰期和全新世早期C_4植物丰度总体上呈现由南向北逐渐降低的趋势,而在全新世大暖期则出现相反的空间变化趋势,这体现了C_4植物空间分布由温度调控转变为降雨调控的结果.该研究表明在中国南方温度是C_4植物分布的主控因素,而在温度条件合适时降雨的增多会降低C_4对C_3植物的竞争优势.因此,温度与降雨季节性分配的组合关系是决定C_3/C_4植被比例变化的重要气候要素.在未来温度升高降雨增多的前提下, C_4植物竞争优势的降低可能会对中国农业生产有所影响.
引文
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