Deformation characteristics of the ‘7.20' heavy rainfall event in North China
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摘要
本文通过将变形引入到非均匀饱和湿大气动力框架下的非地转Q矢量中验证了变形对驱动与强降水有关的垂直运动中的重要性。进一步,为了将变形更好地应用于降水诊断,将变形与其他动热力因子结合,提出位势形变参数,并推导了其倾向方程。研究表明,位势形变与强降水有密切相关性,其包含与降水有关的关键动热力要素,从而使位势形变能够抓住强降水产生的动热力学要点,对降水有良好指示追踪意义。
A heavy-rainfall event that occurred in North China during 19–20 July 2016, resulting in severe?ooding, was investigated in this study. In this event, high-value total deformation overlapped the precipitation region, implying a close relationship between them. By deriving the nongeostrophic ω equation in a non-uniformly saturated moist atmosphere, the relation between vertical velocity and deformation was diagnosed. The Q-vector divergence on the right-hand side of the new ω equation was divided into three compositions, associated with horizontal divergence, vertical vorticity, and horizontal-wind deformation, respectively. It was found that the deformation component of Q-vector divergence contributed most to the negative Q-vector divergence in the precipitation region, implying an important role of deformation forcing in facilitating the vertical motion. In order to track the precipitation on the basis of deformation,potential deformation was proposed by virtue of the generalized potential temperature. The high-value potential deformation and precipitation were always overlapping, and shared an analogous temporal trend. This means that potential deformation can re?ect the variation of heavy precipitation to a certain extent, and can serve as a tracker of the precipitation region.
A heavy-rainfall event that occurred in North China during 19–20 July 2016, resulting in severe?ooding, was investigated in this study. In this event, high-value total deformation overlapped the precipitation region, implying a close relationship between them. By deriving the nongeostrophic ω equation in a non-uniformly saturated moist atmosphere, the relation between vertical velocity and deformation was diagnosed. The Q-vector divergence on the right-hand side of the new ω equation was divided into three compositions, associated with horizontal divergence, vertical vorticity, and horizontal-wind deformation, respectively. It was found that the deformation component of Q-vector divergence contributed most to the negative Q-vector divergence in the precipitation region, implying an important role of deformation forcing in facilitating the vertical motion. In order to track the precipitation on the basis of deformation,potential deformation was proposed by virtue of the generalized potential temperature. The high-value potential deformation and precipitation were always overlapping, and shared an analogous temporal trend. This means that potential deformation can re?ect the variation of heavy precipitation to a certain extent, and can serve as a tracker of the precipitation region.
引文
Cao,J.,and S.T.Gao.2008.“Generalized Potentia Temperature in Non-Uniformly Saturated Atmosphere.”Chinese Journal of Geophysics 51:1651-1656.
Gao,S.T.,X.Wang,and Y.Zhou.2004.“Generation of Generalized Moist Potential Vorticity in a Frictionless and Moist Adiabatic Flow.”Geophysical Research Letters 31L12113.doi:10.1029/2003GL019152.
Gao,S.T.,S.Yang,and M.Xue.2008.“The Total Deformation and Its Role in Heavy Precipitation Events Associated with Deformation-Dominant Flow Patterns.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 25:11-23.doi:10.1007/s00376-008-0011-y.
Han,G.,J.He,Y.Fan,and H.Deng.2005.“The Transfiguration Frontogenesis Analyses on 0108 Landfall Typhoon Extratropical Transition and Heavy Rain Structure.”Acta Meteorologica Sinica 63:468-476.
Jiang,Y.,Y.Wang,Z.Zhou,M.Lü,and J.Luo.2011“Interaction Index of Vortex and Deformation Field.”Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology 12(6)685-689.
Jiang,Y Q,Y.Wang,and M.Lv.2013.“Analysis of the Impact of Deformation Field of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Southern China in Middle and Late June of 2010.”Scientia Meteor Sinica 33:168-188.
Li,N.,L.Ran,Y.Zhou,and S.T.Gao.2013.“Diagnosis of the Frontogenesis and Slantwise Vorticity Development Caused by the Deformation in the Beijing“7.21”Torrential Rainfal Event.”Acta Meteorologica Sinica 71:593-605.
Li,Z.,D.Wang,J.Wang,and Y.Liu.2011.“Analysis on Frontogenesis Fuction and Jet-Front Secondary Circulation in a Snowstorm Process.”Plateau Meteorology 301505-1515.
Liu,S.,S.Liu,F.Liang,and Z.Fu.2006.“The Spiral Structure for Atmospheric Vortex.”Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 30:849-853.
Lu,K.,and S.Nong.1995.“Topography and Frontogenetica Process of Double Cloud Front.”Scientia Atmospherica Sinica19:183-191.
Shen,S.,and S.Chen.1993.“The Analysis of Frontogenesis Process Forced by Dust Radiative Heating.”Acta Meteorologica Sinica 51:425-433.
Sun,S.,and C.Du.1996.“The Maintenance of MEI-YU Front and Development Associated Disturbance.”Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorlolgy 7:153-159.
Tao,S.1953.“On the High-Altitude Deformation Field as a Higher Level Weather System.”(in Chinese).Acta Meteorologica Sinica 24:211-224.
Wang,H.,Y.Zhang,C.Wang,Y.An,and Y.Xue.2009.“Doppler Radar Observation and Analysis of Mesoscale Deformation Field in Cold Vortex.”Meteorological Monthly 7:006.
Wang,X.,and R.Wu.2000.“The Development of Symmetric Disturbances Superposed on Baroclinic Frontal Zone under the Action of Deformation Field.”Acta Meteorological Sinica58:403-417.
Xiao,Q.,R.Wu,and Y.Zhang.1997.“Dynamic Influence of Orography on Frontogenesis.”Scientia Atmospherica Sinica21:289-296.
Yang,S.2007.A Study on Formation Mechanism of Heavy Rainfall in North China.Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Yang,S.,S.T.Gao,and C.G.Lu.2014.“A Generalized Frontogenesis Function and Its Application.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 31:1065-1078.doi:10.1007/s00376-014-3228-y.
Yang,S.,S.T.Gao,and C.G.Lu.2015.“Investigation of the Mei-Yu Front Using a New Deformation Frontogenesis Function.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 32:635-647doi:10.1007/s00376-014-4147-7.
Yao,X.P.,Y.B.Yu,and S.W.Shou.2004.“Diagnostic Analyses and Application of the Moist Ageostrophic Q Vector.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 21:96-102.doi:10.1007/BF02915683.
Gao,S.T.,X.Wang,and Y.Zhou.2004.“Generation of Generalized Moist Potential Vorticity in a Frictionless and Moist Adiabatic Flow.”Geophysical Research Letters 31L12113.doi:10.1029/2003GL019152.
Gao,S.T.,S.Yang,and M.Xue.2008.“The Total Deformation and Its Role in Heavy Precipitation Events Associated with Deformation-Dominant Flow Patterns.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 25:11-23.doi:10.1007/s00376-008-0011-y.
Han,G.,J.He,Y.Fan,and H.Deng.2005.“The Transfiguration Frontogenesis Analyses on 0108 Landfall Typhoon Extratropical Transition and Heavy Rain Structure.”Acta Meteorologica Sinica 63:468-476.
Jiang,Y.,Y.Wang,Z.Zhou,M.Lü,and J.Luo.2011“Interaction Index of Vortex and Deformation Field.”Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology 12(6)685-689.
Jiang,Y Q,Y.Wang,and M.Lv.2013.“Analysis of the Impact of Deformation Field of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Southern China in Middle and Late June of 2010.”Scientia Meteor Sinica 33:168-188.
Li,N.,L.Ran,Y.Zhou,and S.T.Gao.2013.“Diagnosis of the Frontogenesis and Slantwise Vorticity Development Caused by the Deformation in the Beijing“7.21”Torrential Rainfal Event.”Acta Meteorologica Sinica 71:593-605.
Li,Z.,D.Wang,J.Wang,and Y.Liu.2011.“Analysis on Frontogenesis Fuction and Jet-Front Secondary Circulation in a Snowstorm Process.”Plateau Meteorology 301505-1515.
Liu,S.,S.Liu,F.Liang,and Z.Fu.2006.“The Spiral Structure for Atmospheric Vortex.”Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 30:849-853.
Lu,K.,and S.Nong.1995.“Topography and Frontogenetica Process of Double Cloud Front.”Scientia Atmospherica Sinica19:183-191.
Shen,S.,and S.Chen.1993.“The Analysis of Frontogenesis Process Forced by Dust Radiative Heating.”Acta Meteorologica Sinica 51:425-433.
Sun,S.,and C.Du.1996.“The Maintenance of MEI-YU Front and Development Associated Disturbance.”Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorlolgy 7:153-159.
Tao,S.1953.“On the High-Altitude Deformation Field as a Higher Level Weather System.”(in Chinese).Acta Meteorologica Sinica 24:211-224.
Wang,H.,Y.Zhang,C.Wang,Y.An,and Y.Xue.2009.“Doppler Radar Observation and Analysis of Mesoscale Deformation Field in Cold Vortex.”Meteorological Monthly 7:006.
Wang,X.,and R.Wu.2000.“The Development of Symmetric Disturbances Superposed on Baroclinic Frontal Zone under the Action of Deformation Field.”Acta Meteorological Sinica58:403-417.
Xiao,Q.,R.Wu,and Y.Zhang.1997.“Dynamic Influence of Orography on Frontogenesis.”Scientia Atmospherica Sinica21:289-296.
Yang,S.2007.A Study on Formation Mechanism of Heavy Rainfall in North China.Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Yang,S.,S.T.Gao,and C.G.Lu.2014.“A Generalized Frontogenesis Function and Its Application.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 31:1065-1078.doi:10.1007/s00376-014-3228-y.
Yang,S.,S.T.Gao,and C.G.Lu.2015.“Investigation of the Mei-Yu Front Using a New Deformation Frontogenesis Function.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 32:635-647doi:10.1007/s00376-014-4147-7.
Yao,X.P.,Y.B.Yu,and S.W.Shou.2004.“Diagnostic Analyses and Application of the Moist Ageostrophic Q Vector.”Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 21:96-102.doi:10.1007/BF02915683.
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