涟源凹陷上二叠统大隆组泥页岩裂缝方解石脉体流体包裹体特征及其启示
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摘要
针对湘中涟源凹陷上二叠统大隆组黑色泥页岩中油气特征及微观保存条件,选择涟源凹陷XY1井大隆组泥页岩中高角度裂缝方解石脉体,开展了脉体岩相学和阴极发光观察、脉体盐水包裹体和烃类包裹体特征及温压研究,结合泥页岩有机质成熟度及油气生成阶段分析和埋藏-热演化-构造抬升史模拟,确定了裂缝脉体形成时期和深度,讨论了泥页岩油气微观保存条件。研究表明:大隆组泥页岩有机质成熟度R_o为1.2%～1.3%,原始有机质中发育有机孔,泥页岩孔隙内液态油中很少发育有机孔;裂缝方解石脉体由早晚两期形成,边界清晰;早期脉体中发育大量蓝白色荧光的液相烃包裹体和气-液两相烃包裹体,发微弱荧光的气相烃包裹体和不发荧光的甲烷包裹体,盐水包裹体均一温度主要介于93～138℃间,对应古埋深为2 000～3 000 m;晚期脉体中包裹体发育程度差,仅零星见烃类包裹体,盐水包裹体均一温度主要介于50～62℃间,对应古埋深为900～1 100 m;依据早期裂缝方解石脉体中甲烷包裹体激光拉曼参数和甲烷体系状态方程估算甲烷包裹体捕获压力为28.92～41.47 MPa,相应古压力系数为1.10～1.57。根据早晚两期裂缝方解石脉体中气-液两相盐水包裹体和烃类包裹体的发育程度以及捕获温压信息推断,在燕山-喜山期大幅度构造抬升和地层剥蚀过程中,泥页岩中多期裂缝形成和开启以及成脉古流体活动,对大隆组泥页岩中滞留油气的微观保存条件产生了一定程度的不利影响。
Aiming at oil and gas characteristics and micro-preservation condition in the black shale of the Upper Permian Dalong Formation in Lianyuan Depression, the high-angle fracture calcite veins in the Dalong Formation shale of Well XY1 in Lianyuan Depression were selected to study veins petrography and CL observation, characteristics of brine and hydrocarbon inclusions in veins, temperature and pressure. Combined with the analyses of organic matter maturity of shale, hydrocarbon generation stage and the simulation of burial-thermal evolution-tectonic uplift history, the formation period and depth of fracture veins are determined, and the micro-preservation condition of shale oil and gas are discussed. The results show that the maturity R_o of organic matter in shale of Dalong Formation is about 1.2%-1.3%, while original organic matter has developed organic pores seldom developed in liquid oil in shale pore. Fractured calcite veins are formed in the early and late stages with clear boundaries. A large number of liquid and gas-liquid two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions with blue-white fluorescent, gas hydrocarbon inclusions with weak fluorescent and non-fluorescent methane inclusions are developed in the early veins. The homogenization temperature of brine inclusions is mainly between 93-138℃, corresponding to the paleo-burial depth about 2 000-3 000 m. The development of inclusions in late veins is poor and hydrocarbon inclusions can be seen sporadically. The homogenization temperature of brine inclusions is mainly between 50-62℃, corresponding to the paleo-burial depth about 900-1 100 m. The capture pressure of methane inclusions is estimated to be 28.92-41.47 MPa and the corresponding paleo-pressure coefficient is 1.10-1.57 based on the laser Raman parameters of methane inclusions in early fracture calcite veins and the equation of state of methane system. Based on the development degree of gas-liquid two-phase brine inclusions and hydrocarbon inclusions in the early and late fracture calcite veins and the information of captured temperature and pressure, the formation and opening of multi-stage fractures in shale and vein-forming paleo-fluid activity are found to have some adverse effects on the micro-preservation conditions of oil and gas in the Dalong Formation shale during structural uplift and stratum denudation process in Yanshanian-Himalayan epoch.
Aiming at oil and gas characteristics and micro-preservation condition in the black shale of the Upper Permian Dalong Formation in Lianyuan Depression, the high-angle fracture calcite veins in the Dalong Formation shale of Well XY1 in Lianyuan Depression were selected to study veins petrography and CL observation, characteristics of brine and hydrocarbon inclusions in veins, temperature and pressure. Combined with the analyses of organic matter maturity of shale, hydrocarbon generation stage and the simulation of burial-thermal evolution-tectonic uplift history, the formation period and depth of fracture veins are determined, and the micro-preservation condition of shale oil and gas are discussed. The results show that the maturity R_o of organic matter in shale of Dalong Formation is about 1.2%-1.3%, while original organic matter has developed organic pores seldom developed in liquid oil in shale pore. Fractured calcite veins are formed in the early and late stages with clear boundaries. A large number of liquid and gas-liquid two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions with blue-white fluorescent, gas hydrocarbon inclusions with weak fluorescent and non-fluorescent methane inclusions are developed in the early veins. The homogenization temperature of brine inclusions is mainly between 93-138℃, corresponding to the paleo-burial depth about 2 000-3 000 m. The development of inclusions in late veins is poor and hydrocarbon inclusions can be seen sporadically. The homogenization temperature of brine inclusions is mainly between 50-62℃, corresponding to the paleo-burial depth about 900-1 100 m. The capture pressure of methane inclusions is estimated to be 28.92-41.47 MPa and the corresponding paleo-pressure coefficient is 1.10-1.57 based on the laser Raman parameters of methane inclusions in early fracture calcite veins and the equation of state of methane system. Based on the development degree of gas-liquid two-phase brine inclusions and hydrocarbon inclusions in the early and late fracture calcite veins and the information of captured temperature and pressure, the formation and opening of multi-stage fractures in shale and vein-forming paleo-fluid activity are found to have some adverse effects on the micro-preservation conditions of oil and gas in the Dalong Formation shale during structural uplift and stratum denudation process in Yanshanian-Himalayan epoch.
引文
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[25] 朱锐,郭建华,旷理雄.湘中涟源凹陷镜质体反射率与地层剥蚀厚度恢复[J].地质调查与研究,2009,32(1):22-26.
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[28] 刘德汉,肖贤明,田辉,等.论川东北地区发现的高密度甲烷包裹体类型与油裂解气和页岩气勘探评价[J].地学前缘,2013,20(1):64-71.
[2] 时保宏,张艳,陈杰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地定边地区中生界油藏包裹体特征及地质意义[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1087-1094.
[3] 张鼐,邢永亮,曾云,等.塔东地区寒武系白云岩的流体包裹体特征及生烃期次研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):692-697.
[4] 郭凯,曾溅辉,刘涛涛.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组石油充注动力的包裹体热动力学模拟[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(2):152-158.
[5] 包书景,林拓,聂海宽,等.海陆过渡相页岩气成藏特征初探:以湘中坳陷二叠系为例[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):44-53.
[6] 李娟,于炳松,夏响华,等.黔西北地区上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩储层特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):301-311.
[7] 吴小力,李荣西,李尚儒,等.下扬子地区海陆过渡相页岩气成藏条件与主控因素:以萍乐坳陷二叠系乐平组为例[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(1):160-168.
[8] 李国亮,王先辉,柏道远,等.湘中及湘东南地区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探前景[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(3):133-138.
[9] 朱锐,郭建华,周小康,等.湖南涟源凹陷构造解析[J].河南石油,2006,20(1):5-7,3.
[10] 刘喜顺.湘中拗陷泥盆-石炭系油气成藏与保存条件研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.
[11] 田巍,彭中勤,白云山,等.湘中涟源凹陷石炭系海陆过渡相测水组页岩气成藏特征及勘探潜力[EB/OL].(2019-04-29)[2018-08-21].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1874.p.20180820.0903.010.html.
[12] 杨滔,曾联波,聂海宽,等.湘中坳陷海陆过渡相页岩吸附能力及控制因素[J].岩性油气藏,2019,31(2):105-114.
[13] 苗凤彬,谭慧,王强,等.湘中涟源凹陷石炭系测水组页岩气保存条件[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(6):90-97.
[14] 祁开令.湘中涟源凹陷上古界油气成藏期次与聚集规律的初步探讨[J].国土资源导刊,2006,3(增刊1):30-32.
[15] 顾志翔,彭勇民,何幼斌,等.湘中坳陷二叠系海陆过渡相页岩气地质条件[J].中国地质,2015,42(1):288-299.
[16] Lin F,Bodnar R J,Becker S P.Experimental determination of the Raman CH4 symmetric stretching (ν1) band position from 1-650 bar and 0.3-22℃:Application to fluid inclusion studies[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2007,71(15):3746-3756.
[17] 斯尚华,赵靖舟,刘俊邦,等.利用油包裹体荧光光谱确定齐家地区高台子油层致密油气成藏期次及其相对成熟度[EB/OL].(2019-04-29)[2018-11-13].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5215.TE.20181113.1654.018.html.
[18] 罗枭,姜振学,李卓,等.英买力地区中生界-新生界油气藏石油包裹体特征及成藏期次[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):60-66.
[19] 张鼐,田作基,冷莹莹,等.烃和烃类包裹体的拉曼特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,2007,37(7):900-907.
[20] Thieu V,Subramanian S,Colgate S O,et al.High-pressure optical cell for hydrate measurements using Raman spectroscopy[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2000,912(1):983-992.
[21] Lu W J,Chou I M,Burruss R C,et al.A unified equation for calculating methane vapor pressures in the CH4-H2O system with measured Raman shifts[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2007,71(16):3969-3978.
[22] Zhang J L,Qiao S H,Lu W J,et al.An equation for determining methane densities in fluid inclusions with Raman shifts[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2016,171:20-28.
[23] Duan Z H,M?ller N,Weare J H.An equation of state for the CH4-CO2-H2O system:I.Pure systems from 0 to 1 000℃ and 0 to 8 000 bar[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56(7):2605-2617.
[24] Duan Z H,M?ller N,Weare J H.An equation of state for the CH4-CO2-H2O system:II.Mixtures from 50 to 1 000 ℃ and 0 to 1 000 bar[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56(7):2619-2631.
[25] 朱锐,郭建华,旷理雄.湘中涟源凹陷镜质体反射率与地层剥蚀厚度恢复[J].地质调查与研究,2009,32(1):22-26.
[26] 姜光政,高堋,饶松,等.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编:第四版[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):2892-2910.
[27] 刘洪林,王红岩,方朝合,等.中国南方海相页岩气超压机制及选区指标研究[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):48-54.
[28] 刘德汉,肖贤明,田辉,等.论川东北地区发现的高密度甲烷包裹体类型与油裂解气和页岩气勘探评价[J].地学前缘,2013,20(1):64-71.
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