成都市2017年夏季大气VOCs污染特征、臭氧生成潜势及来源分析
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摘要
为评估成都市2017年夏季(6—8月)开展的臭氧防治行动措施对空气质量的改善效果,采用在线监测系统对成都市环境空气中VOCs物种进行监测,对比分析VOCs污染特征、OFP (臭氧生成潜势),并利用PMF(正矩阵因子法)模型对VOCs主要来源进行解析.结果表明:2017年8月φ(VOCs)平均值为31. 85×10-9,比2016年同期下降了32%,其中,φ(芳香烃)和φ(卤代烃)平均值下降最为明显.φ(VOCs)日变化呈双峰型,分别在每日09:00和23:00左右达峰值,臭氧防治行动期间φ(VOCs)月均小时值低于2016年同期. VOCs的OFP敏感性物种以烯烃为主,占总VOCs OFP贡献的48%. 2017年8月成都市OFP为61. 89×10-9,比2016年同期下降44%. VOCs源解析结果发现,2017年8月油气挥发源、有机溶剂使用源、工业源、生物质燃烧源等排放占比均有所下降,而机动车排放源和天然源的排放占比增加.研究显示,成都市2017年夏季臭氧防治行动对成都市大气VOCs排放有明显的控制效果.
In order to evaluate the air quality improvement during the Ozone Control Action in Chengdu City in summer 2017,on-line monitoring systems were used to monitor atmosphere volatile organic compounds( VOCs) in the ambient air of Chengdu City. The pollution characteristics of VOCs and ozone formation potential were compared and analyzed. In addition,the Positive Matrix Factorization( PMF)model was utilized to analyze the main sources of VOCs. The results indicated that the VOCs volume fraction was 31. 85×10-9 in August2017,which decreased by 32% compared to the same period in 2016,especially the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon declined dramatically. The daily change of VOCs shows a bimodal pattern,peaking at 09: 00 and 23: 00,respectively. Furthermore,the average hourly volume fraction of VOCs is lower than that of the same period of last year during the Ozone Control Action. The majority of VOCs' OFP sensitive species is alkenes,accounting for 48% of the total OFP of VOCs. The OFP of VOCs is 61. 89×10-9 in August 2017,falling down 44% compared to the same period in 2016. VOCs source analyses by PMF model showed that the emissions of fuel volatile,solvent evaporation,industrial sources and biomass burning declined,while the ratio of emissions of vehicle and natural resources increased in the summer of 2017. Overall,the ozone control action of Chengdu City in the summer of 2017 had a significant effect on the control of atmospheric VOCs emissions.
In order to evaluate the air quality improvement during the Ozone Control Action in Chengdu City in summer 2017,on-line monitoring systems were used to monitor atmosphere volatile organic compounds( VOCs) in the ambient air of Chengdu City. The pollution characteristics of VOCs and ozone formation potential were compared and analyzed. In addition,the Positive Matrix Factorization( PMF)model was utilized to analyze the main sources of VOCs. The results indicated that the VOCs volume fraction was 31. 85×10-9 in August2017,which decreased by 32% compared to the same period in 2016,especially the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon declined dramatically. The daily change of VOCs shows a bimodal pattern,peaking at 09: 00 and 23: 00,respectively. Furthermore,the average hourly volume fraction of VOCs is lower than that of the same period of last year during the Ozone Control Action. The majority of VOCs' OFP sensitive species is alkenes,accounting for 48% of the total OFP of VOCs. The OFP of VOCs is 61. 89×10-9 in August 2017,falling down 44% compared to the same period in 2016. VOCs source analyses by PMF model showed that the emissions of fuel volatile,solvent evaporation,industrial sources and biomass burning declined,while the ratio of emissions of vehicle and natural resources increased in the summer of 2017. Overall,the ozone control action of Chengdu City in the summer of 2017 had a significant effect on the control of atmospheric VOCs emissions.
引文
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[2] SEMA Y,MIHRIBA C,GRDAL T.Volatile organic compound in suburban Ankara atmosphere,Turkey:sources and variability[J].Atmospheric Research,2013,120:298-311.
[3]温彦平,闫雨龙,李丽娟,等.太原市夏季挥发性有机物污染特征及来源分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2016,47(3):331-335.WEN Yanping, YAN Yulong, LI Lijuan, et al. Pollution characteristic and source analysis of volatile organic compounds in summer in Taiyuan[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2016,47(3):331-335.
[4]罗玮,王伯光,刘舒乐,等.广州大气挥发性有机物的臭氧生成潜势及来源研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(5):80-83.LUO Wei,WANG Boguang,LIU Shule,et al. VOC ozone formation potential and emission source in the atmosphere of Guangzhou[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2011,34(5):80-83.
[5] JESSICA P G,JOSE I H,MIGUEL M,et al. Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Mexico City[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2015,119:415-429.
[6] MCCARTHY C M,YAJNE A A,STEVEN G B,et al. Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured in Edmonton,Alberta[J]. Atmosphere Environment,2013,81:504-516.
[7] LIN W,XU X,GE B,et al.Gaseous pollutions in Beijing urban area during the heating period 2007-2008:variability, sources,meteorological,and chemical impacts[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11:8157-8170.
[8] SONG Y,SHAO M,LIU Y,et al.Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing[J]. Environment Science&Technology,2007,41(12):4348-4349.
[9]吴方堃,王悦思,安俊琳,等.北京奥运时段VOCs浓度变化、臭氧产生潜势及来源分析研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(1):10-16.WU Fangkun,WANG Yuesi,AN Junlin,et al. Study on concentration,ozone production potential and source of VOCs in the atmosphere of Beijing during Olympics period[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(1):10-16.
[10] GUO H,WAGN T,SIMPSON I J,et al. Source contribution to ambient VOCs and CO at a rural site in eastern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(27):4551-4560.
[11] LIU Y,SHAO M,FU L L,et al.Source profiles of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)measured in China:part I[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(25):6261-6274.
[12] BUZCU B,FRASER M P.Source identification and apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Houston,TX[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(13):2385-2400.
[13] WEI W,CHENG S Y,LI G H,et al.Characteristics of ozone and ozone precursors(VOCs and NOx)around a petroleum refinery in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Environment Sciences,2014,26(2):332-342.
[14] MAZYAR Z,LAURA L,CATHLEEN J H,et al. Volatile organic compounds in pesticide formulations:methods to estimate ozone formation potential[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(14):2404-2412.
[15] WEI W,CHENG S,LI G,et al. Characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted from a petroleum refinery in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,89:358-366.
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[20] FENG X Q,PENG K,LING Z H,et al.Source apportionments and characteristics of VOCs from 2005 to 2010 in Hong Kong[J].Acta Science Circumstantiae,2013,31(1):173-180.
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[23]罗达通,高健,王淑兰,等.上海秋季大气挥发性有机物特征及污染物来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):987-994.LUO Datong,GAO Jian,WANG Shulan,et al. Characteristics of volatile organic compounds and relative pollutants observed in autumn Shanghai[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(4):987-994.
[24] MEAGAN L H,KARA E H. Secondary organic from biogenic volatile organic compound mixtures[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(13):2211-2219.
[25] GUO H,CHENG H R,LING Z H,et al.Which emission source are responsible for the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Pearl River Delta?[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,188(1/2/3):116-124.
[26] LIU C H,TIAN F L,CHEN J W,et al. A comparative study on source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Daliao River,China:positive matrix factorization and factor analysis with non-negative constraints[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(10):915-920.
[27] EUGENE K,PHILIP K H,ETIC S E. Source identification of Atlanta aerosol by positive matrix factorization[J]. Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2003,53(6):731-739.
[28]郑伟巍,毕晓辉,吴建会,等.宁波市大气挥发性有机物污染特征及关键活性组分[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(12):1411-1419.ZHENG Weiwei,BI Xiaohui,WU Jianhui,et al. Pollution characteristics and key reactive species of ambient VOCs in Ningbo City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(12):1411-1419.
[29]张靖,邵敏,苏芳.北京市大气中挥发性有机物的组成特征[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(5):1-5.ZHANG Jing,SHAO Min,SU Fang. Study on composition of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in Beijing City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2004,17(5):1-5.
[30]夏思佳,赵秋月,李冰,等.江苏省人为源挥发性有机物排放清单[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(2):120-126.XIA Sijia,ZHAO Qiuyue,LI Bing,et al. Anthropogenic source VOCs emission inventory of Jiangsu Province[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(2):120-126.