南泥湾湿地退化与管理对土壤动物多样性的影响
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摘要
为查明南泥湾湿地生态系统退化对土壤动物群落的影响,于2016年3、6、9和11月分别对南泥湾不同退化阶段湿地的土壤动物群落进行调查。共捕获土壤动物3 285头,隶属4门10纲26目。优势类群为蜱螨目(Acarina)、小杆目(Rhabditida)和弹尾纲(Collembola)。随着退化程度加重,土壤动物群落密度和类群数下降,重度退化和已垦湿地土壤动物密度和多样性指数均极显著低于其他退化阶段(P<0. 01)。各样地相似性系数差异分析表明,退化、开垦和退耕均对南泥湾湿地土壤动物群落组成类群和优势类群个体数有较大影响。土壤动物群落密度和多样性的季节动态在不同退化阶段间存在差异,退化会影响土壤动物群落季节变化稳定性。土壤动物优势类群时空分布受退化程度的影响,且不同优势类群受影响程度存在差异。相关分析结果表明土壤动物密度与土壤有机质和全氮含量呈正相关,与pH呈负相关。研究结果表明南泥湾湿地退化会影响土壤动物群落组成和多样性的空间分布和季节动态,而人为开垦活动会降低土壤动物密度和多样性,退耕还湿措施可以使湿地土壤动物密度表现出明显季节变化规律。
Soil fauna play a key role in the material circulation and energy flow of wetland ecosystem. However,soil fauna populations are susceptible to environmental factors. Nanniwan wetland is a marsh wetland in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi,which is seriously affected by human activities in China. Under the interference of human factors,debris flow degradation of different degrees has been formed in Nanniwan area,and wetland degradation has become an increasingly serious ecological problem in northern Shaanxi. At present,there are six typical habitats in this area(natural wetland,mildly degraded wetland,moderately degraded wetland,severely degraded wetland,cultivated wetland and farmland wetland). However,the changes of community structure and diversity of soil fauna in six habitats are still unclear. Three 50 cm×50 cm plots were randomly selected in each habitat to investigate the effects of wetland degradation on soil fauna communities in March,June,September and November 2016. A total of 3 285 soil animals were captured,which were divided into 4 phyla,10 categories and 26 orders. The dominant groups of soil fauna were echinococcus,striatum and springtail. The density and groups of soil animals decreased with the deepening of degradation. In severely degraded wetlands and cultivated lands,the density and diversity indexes of soil animals were significantly lower than those in other degradation stages(P<0. 01). The difference of Sorenson similarity coefficient and Morisita-Horn similarity coefficient in different degradation stages indicate that degradation,reclamation and returning had significant influence on the composition of soil fauna community and dominant individuals in Nanniwan wetland. The seasonal dynamics of soil fauna community density and diversity are different in different degradation stages. The degradation of Nanniwan wetland will affect the seasonal stability of soil fauna community. The degradation of Nanniwan wetland also changed the spatial and temporal distribution of the dominant taxa of soil fauna. The regression analysis results of soil animal density and related soils factors show that soil animal density was positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen content,and negatively correlated with soil pH value. On the above basis,we can conclude that the degradation of Nanniwan wetland affects the spatial and temporal distribution and seasonal dynamics of the soil fauna community composition and diversity.Cultivation can reduce the density and diversity of soil animals,and the measures of returning farmland to forest can lead to seasonal changes of soil animal density.
Soil fauna play a key role in the material circulation and energy flow of wetland ecosystem. However,soil fauna populations are susceptible to environmental factors. Nanniwan wetland is a marsh wetland in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi,which is seriously affected by human activities in China. Under the interference of human factors,debris flow degradation of different degrees has been formed in Nanniwan area,and wetland degradation has become an increasingly serious ecological problem in northern Shaanxi. At present,there are six typical habitats in this area(natural wetland,mildly degraded wetland,moderately degraded wetland,severely degraded wetland,cultivated wetland and farmland wetland). However,the changes of community structure and diversity of soil fauna in six habitats are still unclear. Three 50 cm×50 cm plots were randomly selected in each habitat to investigate the effects of wetland degradation on soil fauna communities in March,June,September and November 2016. A total of 3 285 soil animals were captured,which were divided into 4 phyla,10 categories and 26 orders. The dominant groups of soil fauna were echinococcus,striatum and springtail. The density and groups of soil animals decreased with the deepening of degradation. In severely degraded wetlands and cultivated lands,the density and diversity indexes of soil animals were significantly lower than those in other degradation stages(P<0. 01). The difference of Sorenson similarity coefficient and Morisita-Horn similarity coefficient in different degradation stages indicate that degradation,reclamation and returning had significant influence on the composition of soil fauna community and dominant individuals in Nanniwan wetland. The seasonal dynamics of soil fauna community density and diversity are different in different degradation stages. The degradation of Nanniwan wetland will affect the seasonal stability of soil fauna community. The degradation of Nanniwan wetland also changed the spatial and temporal distribution of the dominant taxa of soil fauna. The regression analysis results of soil animal density and related soils factors show that soil animal density was positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen content,and negatively correlated with soil pH value. On the above basis,we can conclude that the degradation of Nanniwan wetland affects the spatial and temporal distribution and seasonal dynamics of the soil fauna community composition and diversity.Cultivation can reduce the density and diversity of soil animals,and the measures of returning farmland to forest can lead to seasonal changes of soil animal density.
引文
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