水文连通性对湖泊生态环境影响的研究进展
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摘要
水文连通性对湖泊水资源调节、水质净化和生态安全等具有重要作用,但同时也可能带来潜在风险。因而厘清水文连通性对其生态环境的影响规律,对于开展水文连通性修复工作具有重要指导意义。基于广泛的文献调研,介绍了水文连通性的定义与内涵,分别综述了水文连通性对湖泊水文水动力、水质、水生态系统影响的研究进展。在此基础上,总结归纳了水文连通性通过改变水文水动力过程影响生态系统的路径:一是直接改变生境面积、植被格局和生物迁移繁殖特征,二是通过改变水质和沉积物特征而作用于生物的生长发育及其体内污染物累积转化过程。最后,对水文连通性变化的生态环境效应研究进行了展望:(1)加强对垂向连通性的研究以及拓展不同维度连通性耦合转化研究;(2)借助水动力-水质-水生态耦合模型研究水文连通性变化下的生态环境效应;(3)开展水文连通性的生态环境风险研究,并基于生态环境效益和社会经济效益权衡确定适宜的水文连通性。
Hydrological connectivity in lakes plays an important role in water regulation, water purification and biodiversity conservation; However, meanwhile it may also induce negative effects and potential risks, such as an increased flood pressure, deteriorated of water quality and invasion of alien species. Therefore, to clarify the impacts of hydrological connectivity on ecological environment of lakes is of great significance for lake connectivity restoration. This paper first introduced the definitions and connotations of hydrological connectivity, and reviewed the effects of hydrological connectivity on hydrology and hydrodynamics, water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Then the probable paths of hydrological connectivity influencing on aquatic ecosystems were concluded that, alterations in hydrological connectivity initially induced the changes in hydrology and hydrodynamics, and subsequently acted on kinds of aquatic organisms. On the one hand, the varied hydrology and hydrodynamics directly changed the habitat area and landscapes which were related to the migration and reproduction of biological communities. On the other hand, the varied hydrology and hydrodynamics indirectly influenced not only the growth and development of certain biological community but the accumulation and transformation of pollutants in organisms by changing the water quality and sediment characteristics. In addition, the variation of certain biological community would deliver these effects to other organisms through food chains or food webs, resulting in obvious changes in the whole ecosystem. Finally the urgent problems and future studies on the issues of hydrological connectivity were summarized, including 1)enhancing related researches on the vertical connectivity, and on the transformation of lateral, longitudinal and vertical connectivity; 2)establishing a coupled model of hydrodynamics, water quality and aquatic ecosystem based on their interactive mechanism to reveal the eco-environmental effects of hydrological connectivity on lakes; 3) conducting researches on eco-environmental risks of hydrological connectivity, and further identifying the appropriate hydrological connectivity by balancing the eco-environmental and social-economic benefits, to provide scientific suggestions for policy makers.
Hydrological connectivity in lakes plays an important role in water regulation, water purification and biodiversity conservation; However, meanwhile it may also induce negative effects and potential risks, such as an increased flood pressure, deteriorated of water quality and invasion of alien species. Therefore, to clarify the impacts of hydrological connectivity on ecological environment of lakes is of great significance for lake connectivity restoration. This paper first introduced the definitions and connotations of hydrological connectivity, and reviewed the effects of hydrological connectivity on hydrology and hydrodynamics, water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Then the probable paths of hydrological connectivity influencing on aquatic ecosystems were concluded that, alterations in hydrological connectivity initially induced the changes in hydrology and hydrodynamics, and subsequently acted on kinds of aquatic organisms. On the one hand, the varied hydrology and hydrodynamics directly changed the habitat area and landscapes which were related to the migration and reproduction of biological communities. On the other hand, the varied hydrology and hydrodynamics indirectly influenced not only the growth and development of certain biological community but the accumulation and transformation of pollutants in organisms by changing the water quality and sediment characteristics. In addition, the variation of certain biological community would deliver these effects to other organisms through food chains or food webs, resulting in obvious changes in the whole ecosystem. Finally the urgent problems and future studies on the issues of hydrological connectivity were summarized, including 1)enhancing related researches on the vertical connectivity, and on the transformation of lateral, longitudinal and vertical connectivity; 2)establishing a coupled model of hydrodynamics, water quality and aquatic ecosystem based on their interactive mechanism to reveal the eco-environmental effects of hydrological connectivity on lakes; 3) conducting researches on eco-environmental risks of hydrological connectivity, and further identifying the appropriate hydrological connectivity by balancing the eco-environmental and social-economic benefits, to provide scientific suggestions for policy makers.
引文
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