西北太平洋采薇海山表层沉积的岩石磁学特征及其对深海环境过程的指示
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摘要
采薇海山位于西北太平洋麦哲伦海山区,是由中国发现、命名并负责资源勘探的重点调查区之一.本文利用大洋27航次在采薇海山北坡MABC-05站获得的箱式沉积物样品,开展了详细的岩石磁学研究.结果显示表层沉积物中的磁性矿物以颗粒较细的、矫顽力较低的磁铁矿为主;利用对数正态分布函数可以区分三个具有不同矫顽力值的磁性颗粒组分,并发现磁性颗粒的矫顽力值变化可以有效指示沉积物埋藏后的早期成岩特征.在参考现代物理海洋过程的基础上,我们推测南极底层水团的演化和太阳辐射的变化可能共同影响了采薇海山区海洋底层环境过程.这一结果为探讨南极气候状况对北太平洋的可能影响,评估海洋上层与底层的相互作用等重要科学问题提供了新途径.
Seamounts constitute some of the most direct evidence about intraplate volcanism,and can profoundly affect physical and biological processes,mesoscale circulation and primary production.Caiwei Guyot locates within the Magellan Seamounts of the Northwest Pacific Ocean,where is one of the key investigation areas discovered,named and responsible for resource exploration by China.In this study,we carried out detailed rock magnetic investigations on a sedimentary sequence obtained from the Caiwei Guyot.The methods include hysteresis loops,isothermal remanent acquisition curves,and first-order reversal curves.It is found that the magnetic minerals in the surface sediments of the Caiwei Guyot are mainly fine-grained magnetite with low coercivity;and three magnetic sub-groups with different coercivity values can be mathematically distinguished by a log-normal distribution function,inferring that the change of the coercivity of the magnetic particles can effectively indicate the intensity of the early diagenesis of the sediments.Referring to the physical ocean process,we speculate that the production changes of the Antarctic bottom water and solar insolation may affect the environmental evolution of ocean bottom.Therefore,we suggest that this result provides new perspective to explore the possible impacts of the Antarctic climate on the North Pacific,and to assess the interactions between the upper and lower parts of the oceans,which both may have directly contributed to global changes.
Seamounts constitute some of the most direct evidence about intraplate volcanism,and can profoundly affect physical and biological processes,mesoscale circulation and primary production.Caiwei Guyot locates within the Magellan Seamounts of the Northwest Pacific Ocean,where is one of the key investigation areas discovered,named and responsible for resource exploration by China.In this study,we carried out detailed rock magnetic investigations on a sedimentary sequence obtained from the Caiwei Guyot.The methods include hysteresis loops,isothermal remanent acquisition curves,and first-order reversal curves.It is found that the magnetic minerals in the surface sediments of the Caiwei Guyot are mainly fine-grained magnetite with low coercivity;and three magnetic sub-groups with different coercivity values can be mathematically distinguished by a log-normal distribution function,inferring that the change of the coercivity of the magnetic particles can effectively indicate the intensity of the early diagenesis of the sediments.Referring to the physical ocean process,we speculate that the production changes of the Antarctic bottom water and solar insolation may affect the environmental evolution of ocean bottom.Therefore,we suggest that this result provides new perspective to explore the possible impacts of the Antarctic climate on the North Pacific,and to assess the interactions between the upper and lower parts of the oceans,which both may have directly contributed to global changes.
引文
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Ge K P,Williams W,Liu Q S,et al.2014.Effects of the core-shell structure on the magnetic properties of partially oxidized magnetite grains:Experimental and micromagnetic investigations.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,15(5):2021-2038.
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Halbach P E,Jahn A,Cherkashov G.2017.Marine co-rich ferromanganese crust deposits:description and formation,occurrences and distribution,estimated world-wide resources.∥Sharma R ed.Deep-Sea Mining.Cham:Springer.
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Hein J R,Mizell K,Koschinsky A,et al.2013.Deep-ocean mineral deposits as a source of critical metals for high-and greentechnology applications:Comparison with land-based resources.Ore Geology Reviews,51:1-14.
Hein J R,Spinardi F,Okamoto N,et al.2015.Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ,abundances and distributions.Ore Geology Reviews,68:97-116.
Henrichs S M.1992.Early diagenesis of organic matter in marine sediments:progress and perplexity.Marine Chemistry,39(1-3):119-149.
Herbette S,Morel Y,Arhan M.2003.Erosion of a surface vortex by a seamount.Journal of Physical Oceanography,33(8):1664-1679.
Herbette S,Morel Y,Arhan M.2005.Erosion of a surface vortex by a seamount on theβplane.Journal of Physical Oceanography,35(11):2012-2030.
Heslop D,Roberts A P.2012.Unmixing magnetic hysteresis loops.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,117(B3):B03103,doi:10.1029/2011JB008859.
Heslop D.2015.Numerical strategies for magnetic mineral unmixing.Earth-Science Reviews,150:256-284.
Hillier J K.2007.Pacific seamount volcanism in space and time.Geophysical Journal International,168(2):877-889.
Jaccard S L,Galbraith E D,Martínez-García A,et al.2016.Covariation of deep Southern Ocean oxygenation and atmospheric CO2through the last ice age.Nature,530(7589):207-210.
Jiang X L.2017.Numerical study of flow passing a deep water seamounts:the Caiwei Seamount in the Northwest Pacific Ocean[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology.
J?rgensen B B,Revsbech N P.1989.Oxygen uptake,bacterial distribution,and carbon-nitrogen-sulfur cycling in sediments from the Baltic sea-North Sea transition.Ophelia,31(1):29-49.
Jouzel J,Masson-Delmotte V,Cattani O,et al.2007.Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the Past 800,000Years.Science,317(5839):793-796.
Kawabe M,Fujio S.2010.Pacific Ocean circulation based on observation.Journal of Oceanography,66(3):389-403.
Li B,Wang Y,Zhong H X,et al.2016.Magnetic properties of turbidites in the Huatung Basin and their environmental implications.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(9):3330-3342,doi:10.6038/cjg20160917.
Liang W T,Jin C S,Nantasin P,et al.2015.Magnetic mineralogy and the reliability of AMS in the Late Triassic Mishuling pluton,Qinling orogen.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(3):953-970,doi:10.6038/cjg20150321.
Liu Q S,Roberts A P,Larrasoa1a J C,et al.2012.Environmental magnetism:Principles and applications.Reviews of Geophysics,50(4):RG4002,doi:10.1029/2012RG000393.
Nielsen L P,Risgaard-Petersen N,Fossing H,et al.2010.Electric currents couple spatially separated biogeochemical processes in marine sediment.Nature,463(7284):1071-1074.
OzdemirO,Dunlop D J.2010.Hallmarks of maghemitization in low-temperature remanence cycling of partially oxidized magnetite nanoparticles.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,115(B2):B02101,doi:10.1029/2009JB006756.
Parkes R J,Cragg B A,Wellsbury P.2000.Recent studies on bacterial populations and processes in subseafloor sediments:Areview.Hydrogeology Journal,8(1):11-28.
Paterson G A,Zhao X,Jackson M,et al.2018.Measuring,processing,and analyzing hysteresis data.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,19(7):1925-1945.
Pike C R,Roberts A P,Verosub K L.1999.Characterizing interactions in fine magnetic particle systems using first order reversal curves.Journal of Applied Physics,85(9):6660-6667.
Qian Q K.2016.Sedimentation and bioturbation at Caiwei Guyot in the western North Pacific[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Xiamen:Xiamen University.
Qin H F,Liu Q S,Pan Y X.2008.The first-order reversal curve(FORC)diagram:theory and case study.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(3):743-751.
Roberts A P,Cui Y L,Verosub K L.1995.Wasp-waisted hysteresis loops:mineral magnetic characteristics and discrimination of components in mixed magnetic systems.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,100(B9):17909-17924.
Roberts A P,Stoner J S,Richter C.1999.Diagenetic magnetic enhancement of sapropels from the eastern Mediterranean Sea.Marine Geology,153(1-4):103-116.
Roberts A P,Heslop D,Zhao X,et al.2014.Understanding fine magnetic particle systems through use of first-order reversal curve diagrams.Reviews of Geophysics,52(4):557-602.
Roberts A P.2015.Magnetic mineral diagenesis.Earth-Science Reviews,151:1-47.
Roberts A P,Tauxe L,Heslop D,et al.2018.A critical appraisal of the“day”diagram.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,123(4):2618-2644.
Robertson D J,France D E.1994.Discrimination of remanencecarrying minerals in mixtures,using isothermal remanent magnetisation acquisition curves.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,82(3-4):223-234.
State Oceanic Administration,China.2015.Undersea Feature Name Proposal(Cai Wei Guyot).International Hydrographic Organization&Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission(of UNESCO),https:∥www.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/SCUFN/SCUFN24/SCUFN_proposals/China/04_Caiwei_Guyot.pdf.
Stepashko A A.2006.Origin of West Pacific seamounts and features of the cretaceous dynamics of the Pacific plate.Oceanology,46(3):411-417.
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