Impact of the Zhalong Wetland on Neighboring Land Surface Temperature Based on Remote Sensing and GIS
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摘要
Wetlands play a key role in regulating local climate as well as reducing impacts caused by climate change. Rapid observations of the land surface temperature(LST) are, therefore, valuable for studying the dynamics of wetland systems. With the development of thermal remote sensing technology, LST retrieval with satellite images is a practicable way to detect a wetland and its neighboring area's thermal environment from a non-point visual angle rather than the traditional detection from a point visual angle. The mono-windows(MW) method of retrieving LST was validated. On the basis of estimated LST, we used Geographical Information System(GIS) technology to study the impact of wetland reclamation on local temperatures at a regional scale. Following that, correlations between LST and the wetland were analyzed. The results show that: 1) It is feasible to retrieve the LST from Landsat 8 OLI satellite images with MW model. The model was validated with the land surface temperature observed in four meteorological stations when the satellite scanned the study region. The satellite retrieval error was approximately 1.01°C. 2) The relationship between the spatial distribution of land surface temperatures and the Zhalong wetland was analyzed based on GIS technology. The results show that wetland has an obvious influence on LST, and that this influence decreases with increasing distance from the wetland. When the distance from the wetland was less than 500 m, its influence on LST was significant. Results also illustrated that the effect of the wetland's different land use/land cover's LST distribution varied with different seasons.
Wetlands play a key role in regulating local climate as well as reducing impacts caused by climate change. Rapid observations of the land surface temperature(LST) are, therefore, valuable for studying the dynamics of wetland systems. With the development of thermal remote sensing technology, LST retrieval with satellite images is a practicable way to detect a wetland and its neighboring area's thermal environment from a non-point visual angle rather than the traditional detection from a point visual angle. The mono-windows(MW) method of retrieving LST was validated. On the basis of estimated LST, we used Geographical Information System(GIS) technology to study the impact of wetland reclamation on local temperatures at a regional scale. Following that, correlations between LST and the wetland were analyzed. The results show that: 1) It is feasible to retrieve the LST from Landsat 8 OLI satellite images with MW model. The model was validated with the land surface temperature observed in four meteorological stations when the satellite scanned the study region. The satellite retrieval error was approximately 1.01°C. 2) The relationship between the spatial distribution of land surface temperatures and the Zhalong wetland was analyzed based on GIS technology. The results show that wetland has an obvious influence on LST, and that this influence decreases with increasing distance from the wetland. When the distance from the wetland was less than 500 m, its influence on LST was significant. Results also illustrated that the effect of the wetland's different land use/land cover's LST distribution varied with different seasons.
Wetlands play a key role in regulating local climate as well as reducing impacts caused by climate change. Rapid observations of the land surface temperature(LST) are, therefore, valuable for studying the dynamics of wetland systems. With the development of thermal remote sensing technology, LST retrieval with satellite images is a practicable way to detect a wetland and its neighboring area's thermal environment from a non-point visual angle rather than the traditional detection from a point visual angle. The mono-windows(MW) method of retrieving LST was validated. On the basis of estimated LST, we used Geographical Information System(GIS) technology to study the impact of wetland reclamation on local temperatures at a regional scale. Following that, correlations between LST and the wetland were analyzed. The results show that: 1) It is feasible to retrieve the LST from Landsat 8 OLI satellite images with MW model. The model was validated with the land surface temperature observed in four meteorological stations when the satellite scanned the study region. The satellite retrieval error was approximately 1.01°C. 2) The relationship between the spatial distribution of land surface temperatures and the Zhalong wetland was analyzed based on GIS technology. The results show that wetland has an obvious influence on LST, and that this influence decreases with increasing distance from the wetland. When the distance from the wetland was less than 500 m, its influence on LST was significant. Results also illustrated that the effect of the wetland's different land use/land cover's LST distribution varied with different seasons.
引文
Barsi J A,Schott J R,Hook S J et al.,2014.Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor(TIRS)vicarious radiometric calibration.Remote Sensing,6(11):11607-11626.doi:10.3390/rs61111607
Board M E A.Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Wetlands and Water Synthesis.2005.
Bonan G B,1995.Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to inclusion of inland water surfaces.Journal of Climate,8(11):2691-2704.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2691:SOAGST>2.0.CO;2
Carlson T N,Capehart W J,Gillies R R,1995.A new look at the simplified method for remote sensing of daily evapotranspiration.Remote Sensing of Environment,54(2):161-167.
Carlson T N,Gillies R R,Perry E M,1994.A method to make use of thermal infrared temperature and NDVI measurements to infer surface soil water content and fractional vegetation cover.Remote Sensing Reviews,9(1-2):161-173.
Carlson T N,Capehart W J,Gillies R R,1995.A new look at the simplified method for remote sensing of daily evapotranspiration.Remote Sensing of Environment,54(2):161-167.
Chen J,J?nsson P,Tamura M et al.,2004.A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay filter.Remote Sensing of Environment,91(3-4):332-344.doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.014
Chen Yiyu,1999.The trends of globle change research in China.Advance in Earth Sciences,14(4):319-323.(in Chinese)
Chen X L,Zhao H M,Li P X,Yin Z Y,2006.Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and land use/cover changes.Remote sensing of environment,104(2):133-146.
Cui Lijuan,2002.Assessment on Zhalong Wetland value.Journal of Natural Resources,17(4):451-456.(in Chinese)
Dickinson R E,1991.Global change and terrestrial hydrology-Areview.Tellus,43(4):176-181.doi:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1991.0015.x
Gao Junqin,Lu Xianguo,Li Zhaofu,2002.Study on cold-humid effect of wetlands in Sanjiang Plain.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,16(4):149-151.(in Chinese)
Gao Junqin,Lu Xianguo,Liu Hongyu,2003.Cold-humid effect of wetlands.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,19(1):18-21.(in Chinese)
Gillespie A,Rokugawa S,Matsunaga T et al.,1998.A temperature and emissivity separation algorithm for Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)images.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,36(4):1113-1126.
Gong Xiuli,Wang Yiyong,Nie Xiao et al.,2011.Differences in air temperature and relative humidity between a marsh wetland and its surrounding dry farmlands.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,39(11):93-96,101.(in Chinese)
Gorham E,1995.The biogeochemistry of northern peatlands and its possible responses to global warming.In:Woodwell G Mand Mackenzie F T(eds).Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climate System.New York:Oxford University Press,169-187.
Goswami G,Chauhan N,Mal A et al.,2018.Synthesis of 3,3-Diaryl/Heteroarylpropylamines via Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Activated Azetidines with Arenes and Heteroarenes:New Synthetic Route to(±)Tolterodine.ACS Omega,3(12):17562-17572.
Guillevic P C,Privette J L,Coudert B et al.,2012.Land surface temperature product validation using NOAA’s surface climate observation networks-Scaling methodology for the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite(VIIRS).Remote Sensing of Environment,124:282-298.doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.004
Han M,Sun Y N,Xu S G,2007.Characteristics and driving factors of marsh changes in Zhalong Wetland of China.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,127(1-3):363-381.doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9286-6
Hostetler S W,1991.Simulation of lake ice and its effect on the late-Pleistocene evaporation rate of Lake Lahontan.Climate Dynamics,6(1):43-48.doi:10.1007/bf00210581
Hostetler S W,Bates G T,Giorgi F,1993.Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,98(D3):5045-5057.doi:10.1029/92JD02843
Hu Qiwu,Wu Qin,Liu Ying et al.,2009.A review of carbon cycle in wetlands.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,18(6):2381-2386.(in Chinese)
Huang Fang,Wang Ping,Wang Yongjie et al.,2007.Ecological environment change and its effect on Siberian White Crane migration in Zhalong Nature Reserve.Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition),39(2):106-111.(in Chinese)
Jiménez-Mu?oz J C,Sobrino J A,Skokovi?D et al.,2014.Land surface temperature retrieval methods from Landsat-8 thermal infrared sensor data.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,11(10):1840-1843.doi:10.1109/lgrs.2014.2312032
Krinner G,2003.Impact of lakes and wetlands on boreal climate.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,108(D16).
Li Feng,Lu Changhu,Yang Hongjun et al.,1998.Community diversity about breeding birds in reed marsh of Zhalong Natural Reserve.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,26(5):68-72.(in Chinese)
Li Feng,Yang Hongjun,Zhang Honghai et al.,1999.The nest-site selection by red-crowned crane in the Zhalong Wetland.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,27(6):57-60.(in Chinese)
Li Yintang,Li Zhiyong,Fang Fei et al.,2007.Numerical simulation on cooling and humidifying effects of wetlands.Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,41(7):825-828,846.(in Chinese)
Lofgren B M,1997.Simulated effects of idealized Laurentian Great Lakes on regional and large-scale climate.Journal of Climate,10(11):2847-2858.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2847:SEOILG>2.0.CO;2
Montanaro M,Gerace A,Lunsford A et al.,2014.Stray light artifacts in imagery from the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor.Remote Sensing,6(11):10435-10456.doi:10.3390/rs61110435
Nie Xiao,Wang Yiyong,2010.‘Cold-humidity island’effect of marsh wetlands on localized micro-climate.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,26(2):189-192.(in Chinese)
OttléC,Stoll M,1993.Effect of atmospheric absorption and surface emissivity on the determination of land surface temperature from infrared satellite data.International Journal of Remote Sensing,14(10):2025-2037.doi:10.1080/01431169308954018
Park J,An K,Hwang Y et al.,2004.Ultra-large-scale syntheses of monodisperse nanocrystals.Nature materials,3(12):891.
Pitman A J,1991.A simple parameterization of sub-grid scale open water for climate models.Climate Dynamics,6(2):99-112.doi:10.1007/bf00209983
Prata A J,1994.Land surface temperatures derived from the advanced very high resolution radiometer and the along:track scanning radiometer:2.Experimental results and validation of AVHRR algorithms.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,99(D6):13025-13058.
Price J C,1983.Estimating surface temperatures from satellite thermal infrared data-A simple formulation for the atmospheric effect.Remote Sensing of Environment,13(4):353-361.doi:10.1016/0034-4257(83)90036-6
Qin Z H,Karnieli A,1999.Progress in the remote sensing of land surface temperature and ground emissivity using NOAA-AVHRR data.International Journal of Remote Sensing,20(12):2367-2393.doi:10.1080/014311699212074
Qin Z,Karnieli A,Berliner P,2001.A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region.International Journal of Remote Sensing,22(18):3719-3746.doi:10.1080/014311600 10006971
Qiu Fuchen,Lin Baoqing,Cai Yongjun et al.,2005.Observation on Siberian white crane migration in spring in Zhalong Nature Reserve.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,33(1):103-105.(in Chinese)
Rozenstein O,Qin Z H,Derimian Y et al.,2014.Derivation of land surface temperature for Landsat-8 TIRS using a split window algorithm.Sensors,14(4):5768-5780.doi:10.3390/s140405768
Saaroni H,Ziv B,2003.The impact of a small lake on heat stress in a Mediterranean urban park:the case of Tel Aviv,Israel.International Journal of Biometeorology,47(3):156-165.doi:10.1007/s00484-003-0161-7
Savitzky A,Golay M J,1964.Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures.Analytical chemistry,36(8):1627-1639.
Sobrino J A,Coll C,Caselles V,1991.Atmospheric correction for land surface temperature using NOAA-11 AVHRR channels 4and 5.Remote Sensing of Environment,38(1):19-34.doi:10.1016/0034-4257(91)90069-I
Song Changchun,2003.Advance in research on carbon cycling in wetlands.Scientia Geographica Sinica,23(5):622-628.(in Chinese)
Tong Chuan,Zeng Congsheng,2006.Review and analysis on carbon cycling and carbon balance model in wetlands ecosystem.Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,1(3):84-92.(in Chinese)
Tong Shouzheng,Lu Xianguo,Su Liying et al.,2008.Changing process and the impact factors of wetland ecosystem in Zhalong Wetland.Wetland Science,6(2):179-184.(in Chinese)
United States Geological Survey,2014.Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor calibration notices.http://landsat.usgs.gov/calibration_notices.php
Wang F,Qin Z H,Song C Y et al.,2015.An improved monowindow algorithm for land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor data.Remote Sensing,7(4):4268-4289.doi:10.3390/rs70404268
Wand Hao,Xu Shiguo,Sun Leshi,2006.Effects of climatic change on evapotranspiration in Zhalong wetland,Northeast china.Chinese Geographical Science,16(3):265-269.doi:10.1007/s11769-006-0265-1
Wang Yongjie,Luo Jinming,Ye Yajie et al.,2009.Influence on Zhalong Wetland succession by seasonal frozen-thawing action.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,23(5):34-38,43.(in Chinese)
Wo Xiaotang,Sun Yankun,2010.Study on dynamic change of land use and land cover in Zhalong Wetland.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,41(1):56-60.(in Chinese)
Yang Ping,Tong Chuan,2011.Effects of LUCC on carbon stocks and emission in wetland.Wetland Science&Management,7(3):56-59.(in Chinese)
Yuan Li,Gong Wenfeng,Yu Chenglong,2009.Spatial-temporal changes of habitats for red-crowned cranes in Zhalong Wetland based on RS and GIS.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,37(8):34-38.(in Chinese)
Board M E A.Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Wetlands and Water Synthesis.2005.
Bonan G B,1995.Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to inclusion of inland water surfaces.Journal of Climate,8(11):2691-2704.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2691:SOAGST>2.0.CO;2
Carlson T N,Capehart W J,Gillies R R,1995.A new look at the simplified method for remote sensing of daily evapotranspiration.Remote Sensing of Environment,54(2):161-167.
Carlson T N,Gillies R R,Perry E M,1994.A method to make use of thermal infrared temperature and NDVI measurements to infer surface soil water content and fractional vegetation cover.Remote Sensing Reviews,9(1-2):161-173.
Carlson T N,Capehart W J,Gillies R R,1995.A new look at the simplified method for remote sensing of daily evapotranspiration.Remote Sensing of Environment,54(2):161-167.
Chen J,J?nsson P,Tamura M et al.,2004.A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay filter.Remote Sensing of Environment,91(3-4):332-344.doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.014
Chen Yiyu,1999.The trends of globle change research in China.Advance in Earth Sciences,14(4):319-323.(in Chinese)
Chen X L,Zhao H M,Li P X,Yin Z Y,2006.Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and land use/cover changes.Remote sensing of environment,104(2):133-146.
Cui Lijuan,2002.Assessment on Zhalong Wetland value.Journal of Natural Resources,17(4):451-456.(in Chinese)
Dickinson R E,1991.Global change and terrestrial hydrology-Areview.Tellus,43(4):176-181.doi:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1991.0015.x
Gao Junqin,Lu Xianguo,Li Zhaofu,2002.Study on cold-humid effect of wetlands in Sanjiang Plain.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,16(4):149-151.(in Chinese)
Gao Junqin,Lu Xianguo,Liu Hongyu,2003.Cold-humid effect of wetlands.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,19(1):18-21.(in Chinese)
Gillespie A,Rokugawa S,Matsunaga T et al.,1998.A temperature and emissivity separation algorithm for Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)images.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,36(4):1113-1126.
Gong Xiuli,Wang Yiyong,Nie Xiao et al.,2011.Differences in air temperature and relative humidity between a marsh wetland and its surrounding dry farmlands.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,39(11):93-96,101.(in Chinese)
Gorham E,1995.The biogeochemistry of northern peatlands and its possible responses to global warming.In:Woodwell G Mand Mackenzie F T(eds).Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climate System.New York:Oxford University Press,169-187.
Goswami G,Chauhan N,Mal A et al.,2018.Synthesis of 3,3-Diaryl/Heteroarylpropylamines via Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Activated Azetidines with Arenes and Heteroarenes:New Synthetic Route to(±)Tolterodine.ACS Omega,3(12):17562-17572.
Guillevic P C,Privette J L,Coudert B et al.,2012.Land surface temperature product validation using NOAA’s surface climate observation networks-Scaling methodology for the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite(VIIRS).Remote Sensing of Environment,124:282-298.doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.004
Han M,Sun Y N,Xu S G,2007.Characteristics and driving factors of marsh changes in Zhalong Wetland of China.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,127(1-3):363-381.doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9286-6
Hostetler S W,1991.Simulation of lake ice and its effect on the late-Pleistocene evaporation rate of Lake Lahontan.Climate Dynamics,6(1):43-48.doi:10.1007/bf00210581
Hostetler S W,Bates G T,Giorgi F,1993.Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,98(D3):5045-5057.doi:10.1029/92JD02843
Hu Qiwu,Wu Qin,Liu Ying et al.,2009.A review of carbon cycle in wetlands.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,18(6):2381-2386.(in Chinese)
Huang Fang,Wang Ping,Wang Yongjie et al.,2007.Ecological environment change and its effect on Siberian White Crane migration in Zhalong Nature Reserve.Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition),39(2):106-111.(in Chinese)
Jiménez-Mu?oz J C,Sobrino J A,Skokovi?D et al.,2014.Land surface temperature retrieval methods from Landsat-8 thermal infrared sensor data.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,11(10):1840-1843.doi:10.1109/lgrs.2014.2312032
Krinner G,2003.Impact of lakes and wetlands on boreal climate.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,108(D16).
Li Feng,Lu Changhu,Yang Hongjun et al.,1998.Community diversity about breeding birds in reed marsh of Zhalong Natural Reserve.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,26(5):68-72.(in Chinese)
Li Feng,Yang Hongjun,Zhang Honghai et al.,1999.The nest-site selection by red-crowned crane in the Zhalong Wetland.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,27(6):57-60.(in Chinese)
Li Yintang,Li Zhiyong,Fang Fei et al.,2007.Numerical simulation on cooling and humidifying effects of wetlands.Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,41(7):825-828,846.(in Chinese)
Lofgren B M,1997.Simulated effects of idealized Laurentian Great Lakes on regional and large-scale climate.Journal of Climate,10(11):2847-2858.doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2847:SEOILG>2.0.CO;2
Montanaro M,Gerace A,Lunsford A et al.,2014.Stray light artifacts in imagery from the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor.Remote Sensing,6(11):10435-10456.doi:10.3390/rs61110435
Nie Xiao,Wang Yiyong,2010.‘Cold-humidity island’effect of marsh wetlands on localized micro-climate.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,26(2):189-192.(in Chinese)
OttléC,Stoll M,1993.Effect of atmospheric absorption and surface emissivity on the determination of land surface temperature from infrared satellite data.International Journal of Remote Sensing,14(10):2025-2037.doi:10.1080/01431169308954018
Park J,An K,Hwang Y et al.,2004.Ultra-large-scale syntheses of monodisperse nanocrystals.Nature materials,3(12):891.
Pitman A J,1991.A simple parameterization of sub-grid scale open water for climate models.Climate Dynamics,6(2):99-112.doi:10.1007/bf00209983
Prata A J,1994.Land surface temperatures derived from the advanced very high resolution radiometer and the along:track scanning radiometer:2.Experimental results and validation of AVHRR algorithms.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,99(D6):13025-13058.
Price J C,1983.Estimating surface temperatures from satellite thermal infrared data-A simple formulation for the atmospheric effect.Remote Sensing of Environment,13(4):353-361.doi:10.1016/0034-4257(83)90036-6
Qin Z H,Karnieli A,1999.Progress in the remote sensing of land surface temperature and ground emissivity using NOAA-AVHRR data.International Journal of Remote Sensing,20(12):2367-2393.doi:10.1080/014311699212074
Qin Z,Karnieli A,Berliner P,2001.A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region.International Journal of Remote Sensing,22(18):3719-3746.doi:10.1080/014311600 10006971
Qiu Fuchen,Lin Baoqing,Cai Yongjun et al.,2005.Observation on Siberian white crane migration in spring in Zhalong Nature Reserve.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,33(1):103-105.(in Chinese)
Rozenstein O,Qin Z H,Derimian Y et al.,2014.Derivation of land surface temperature for Landsat-8 TIRS using a split window algorithm.Sensors,14(4):5768-5780.doi:10.3390/s140405768
Saaroni H,Ziv B,2003.The impact of a small lake on heat stress in a Mediterranean urban park:the case of Tel Aviv,Israel.International Journal of Biometeorology,47(3):156-165.doi:10.1007/s00484-003-0161-7
Savitzky A,Golay M J,1964.Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures.Analytical chemistry,36(8):1627-1639.
Sobrino J A,Coll C,Caselles V,1991.Atmospheric correction for land surface temperature using NOAA-11 AVHRR channels 4and 5.Remote Sensing of Environment,38(1):19-34.doi:10.1016/0034-4257(91)90069-I
Song Changchun,2003.Advance in research on carbon cycling in wetlands.Scientia Geographica Sinica,23(5):622-628.(in Chinese)
Tong Chuan,Zeng Congsheng,2006.Review and analysis on carbon cycling and carbon balance model in wetlands ecosystem.Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,1(3):84-92.(in Chinese)
Tong Shouzheng,Lu Xianguo,Su Liying et al.,2008.Changing process and the impact factors of wetland ecosystem in Zhalong Wetland.Wetland Science,6(2):179-184.(in Chinese)
United States Geological Survey,2014.Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor calibration notices.http://landsat.usgs.gov/calibration_notices.php
Wang F,Qin Z H,Song C Y et al.,2015.An improved monowindow algorithm for land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor data.Remote Sensing,7(4):4268-4289.doi:10.3390/rs70404268
Wand Hao,Xu Shiguo,Sun Leshi,2006.Effects of climatic change on evapotranspiration in Zhalong wetland,Northeast china.Chinese Geographical Science,16(3):265-269.doi:10.1007/s11769-006-0265-1
Wang Yongjie,Luo Jinming,Ye Yajie et al.,2009.Influence on Zhalong Wetland succession by seasonal frozen-thawing action.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,23(5):34-38,43.(in Chinese)
Wo Xiaotang,Sun Yankun,2010.Study on dynamic change of land use and land cover in Zhalong Wetland.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,41(1):56-60.(in Chinese)
Yang Ping,Tong Chuan,2011.Effects of LUCC on carbon stocks and emission in wetland.Wetland Science&Management,7(3):56-59.(in Chinese)
Yuan Li,Gong Wenfeng,Yu Chenglong,2009.Spatial-temporal changes of habitats for red-crowned cranes in Zhalong Wetland based on RS and GIS.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,37(8):34-38.(in Chinese)
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