10个高粱属品种在宁夏引黄灌区的适应性
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摘要
为丰富宁夏引黄灌区牧草种质资源,于2017年4–10月在宁夏引黄灌区采用随机区组试验设计对10个高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种进行适应性评价,通过测定农艺性状、营养成分和抗倒伏系数等指标,对抗倒伏系数的各因子间进行相关分析、营养成分指标间进行主成分分析后对不同品种的营养价值进行得分排序,采用隶属函数对10个高粱属品种进行综合评价。结果表明,10个高粱品种在该地区的生育期为113～125 d,以绿巨人品种株高最高,达312.67 cm,干草产量最高的品种为海牛(29.72 t·hm–2),且高于其他品种(P <0.05),大力士的茎秆糖锤度最高,为16.37%,叶绿素含量在26.97～51.95(SPAD),相对牧草质量最高的品种为大奖2120(154.33),营养价值综合评价得分前五的品种为大奖2180>斯威特>大奖2120>金冠>绿巨人。抗倒伏较强的5个品种依次为大力士、大奖2180、海牛、绿巨人和大奖2120。最终根据营养成分、干草产量和抗倒伏系数综合评价得出,大奖2180、大力士、绿巨人、海牛和大奖2120适合在宁夏引黄灌区引种栽培。
To enrich the forage germplasm resources of the irrigated area in Ningxia, a randomized block design was adopted to study the adaptability of ten Sorghum varieties from April to October 2017. The study examined the agronomic traits,nutritional value, and the anti-lodging coefficient. An analysis of the correlation between the various indicators of the antilodging coefficient, principal component analysis among the nutrition indexes, and the comprehensive score of nutritional content was conducted. The subordinate function was conducted to evaluate the different sorghum varieties. The results showed that the ten sorghum varieties had a growing period of 113～125 days, the tallest variety was Lvjuren(312.67 cm),the highest hay yield was from Hainiu(29.72 t·ha–1), and there were significant differences among the varieties(P < 0.05).The longest stem Brix was Dalishi(16.37%), the range of chlorophyll content was from 26.97～51.95(SPAD), the highest quality forage variety was from Dajiang 2120, which is 154.33, and the top 5 varieties from the comprehensive evaluation ofnutritional content scores were: Dajiang 2180 >Siweite > Dajiang 2120 > Jinguan > Lvjuren. The top 5 varieties regarding the coefficient of lodging resistance were Dalishi, Dajiang 2180, Hainiu, Lvjuren, and Dajiang 2120. Dajiang 2180, Dalishi,Lvjuren, Hainiu, and Dajiang 2120 were widely popularized and cultivated in the irrigation area in Ningxia, based on the comprehensive evaluation of nutritional content, hay, and the anti-lodging coefficient.
To enrich the forage germplasm resources of the irrigated area in Ningxia, a randomized block design was adopted to study the adaptability of ten Sorghum varieties from April to October 2017. The study examined the agronomic traits,nutritional value, and the anti-lodging coefficient. An analysis of the correlation between the various indicators of the antilodging coefficient, principal component analysis among the nutrition indexes, and the comprehensive score of nutritional content was conducted. The subordinate function was conducted to evaluate the different sorghum varieties. The results showed that the ten sorghum varieties had a growing period of 113～125 days, the tallest variety was Lvjuren(312.67 cm),the highest hay yield was from Hainiu(29.72 t·ha–1), and there were significant differences among the varieties(P < 0.05).The longest stem Brix was Dalishi(16.37%), the range of chlorophyll content was from 26.97～51.95(SPAD), the highest quality forage variety was from Dajiang 2120, which is 154.33, and the top 5 varieties from the comprehensive evaluation ofnutritional content scores were: Dajiang 2180 >Siweite > Dajiang 2120 > Jinguan > Lvjuren. The top 5 varieties regarding the coefficient of lodging resistance were Dalishi, Dajiang 2180, Hainiu, Lvjuren, and Dajiang 2120. Dajiang 2180, Dalishi,Lvjuren, Hainiu, and Dajiang 2120 were widely popularized and cultivated in the irrigation area in Ningxia, based on the comprehensive evaluation of nutritional content, hay, and the anti-lodging coefficient.
引文
[1]赵香娜,李桂英,刘洋,陆平,顿宝庆,岳美琪,张璞.国内外甜高粱种质资源主要性状遗传多样性及相关性分析.植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(3):302-307.ZHAO X N,LI G Y,LIU Y,LU P,DUN B Q,YUE M Q,ZHANG P.Genetic diversity and correlation analysis of main agronomic characters in domestic and foreign sweet sorghum germplasm.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2008,9(3):302-307.
[2]SINGH S,BHA B V,SHUKLA G P,GAHARANA D,ANELE U Y.Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of sorghum stovers in sheep.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,227:42-51.
[3]王黎明,焦少杰,姜艳喜,严洪冬,苏德峰,孙广全.不同来源甜高粱种质资源的表型遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(2):411-416.WANGL M,JIAO S J,JIANG Y X,YAN H D,SU D F,SUN G Q.Genetic diversity analysis on sweet sorghum germplasm resources of different origins based on agronomical traits.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2014,15(2):411-416.
[4]冯海生,李春喜.应用灰色关联度综合评价甜高粱的生产性能.草地学报,2013,21(3):97-100.FENG H S,LI C X.A comprehensive evaluation of production performance of sweet sorghum varieties using grey correlative degree analysis.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2013,21(3):97-100.
[5]许能祥,顾洪如,董臣飞,程云辉,张文洁,丁成龙.刈割对不同品种褐色中脉饲用高粱饲草品质及农艺性状的影响.草地学报,2014,22(3):623-630.XU N X,GU H F,DONG C F,CHENG Y H,ZHANG W J,DING C L.Effects of cutting on the feed quality and agronomic traits of brown midrib(bmr)forage sorghum varieties.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2014,22(3):623-630.
[6]严洪冬,焦少杰,王黎明,姜艳喜,苏德峰,孙广全.不同地域气象条件对甜高粱农艺性状的影响.中国种业,2011(12):40-42.YAN H D,JIAO S J,WANG L M,JIANG Y X,SU D F,SUN G Q.Effect of different regional meteorological conditions on agronomic traits of sweet sorghum.China Seed Industry,2011(12):40-42.
[7]王继师,刘祖昕,樊帆,韩立朴,谢光辉.24个甜高粱品种主要农艺性状与品质性状遗传多样性分析.中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):83-91.WANG J S,LIU Z X,FAN F,HAN L P,XIE G H.Analysis of genetic diversity and inheritability of agronomic traits and chemical compositions in sweet sorghum(Sorghum bicolor).Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):83-91.
[8]王赟文,曹致中,韩建国,陈晓军,郝铠.9个苏丹草品种生产性能的评价与聚类分析.草业学报,2005,14(5):117-123.WANG Y W,CAO Z Z,HAN J G,CHEN X J,HAO K.Evaluation and cluster analysis on forage and seed performances of nine Sorghum sudanense varieties.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(5):117-123.
[9]BASSAM E L,JAKOB K.Sweet sorghum a sustainable crop for energy production in Europe results of 10 years experiments(1985-1995):Beijing:Proceedings of First International Sweet Sorghum Conference,1997:88-110.
[10]赵威军,张福耀,常玉卉,张阳,邵荣峰,李金梅.甜高粱品系的抗倒伏性评价及相关分析.植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(1):58-64.ZHAO W J,ZHANG F Y,CHANG Y H,ZHANG Y,SHAO R F,LI J M.Evaluation and correlation analysis of lodging resistance on sweet sorghum lines.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2013,14(1):58-64.
[11]李勇进.施肥模式和光合作用增效剂对甜高粱产量和品质的影响.长沙:湖南农业大学硕士学位论文,2013.LI Y J.Effect of fertilization modes and photosynthesis synergist on yield and quality of sweet sorghum.Master Thesis.Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2013.
[12]李源,游永亮,赵海明,谢楠,翟兰菊,刘贵波.褐色中脉饲草高粱品种产量品质与抗逆性分析.草地学报,2014,22(4):889-896.LI Y,YOU Y L,ZHAO H M,XIE N,ZHAI L J,LIU G B.Analysis on the yield,quality and stress resistance of brown midrib forage sorghum varieties.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2014,22(4):889-896.
[13]SUJATHA K,SNCVL P,SHIVANI D.Stability of yield and related traits in the land races of rabi sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench).Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding,2016,3(7):620-625.
[14]肖雪君,周青平,陈有军,杜忠,柏晓玲,田莉华,彭先琴.播种量对高寒牧区林纳燕麦生产性能及光合特性的影响.草业科学,2017,34(4):761-771.XIAO X J,ZHOU Q P,CHEN Y J,DU Z,BAI X L,TIAN L H,PENG X Q.Effect of seeding rate on production performance and photosynthetic characteristics of Avena sativa cv.LENA in alpine pastoral regions.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(4):761-771.
[15]李进,杜曼·依玛买地.新疆高粱生产现状与发展前景.新疆农业科学,1994(5):236-238.LI J,Duman·Yimamaidi.Production status and development prospect of sorghum in Xinjiang.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,1994(5):236-238.
[16]CARMI A,UMIEL N,HAGILADI A,YOSEF E.Field performance and nutritive value of a new forage sorghum variety‘Pnina’recently developed in Israel.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2005(85):2567-2573.
[17]BASHFORD L,MARANVILLE J W,WEEKS S A,CAMPBELL R.Mechanical properties affecting lodging of sorghum.Transactions of the ASAE,1976,19(5):0962-0966.
[18]ESECHIE H A,MARANVILLE J W,ROSS W M.Relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in sorghum.Crop Science,1977,17(4):609-612.
[19]孙守钧,曹秀云,侯秀英,何平,冯鸿图.高粱抗倒机理的研究.辽宁农业科学,1999(1):3-6.SUN S J,CAO X Y,HOU X Y,HE P,FENG H T.Study on the mechanism of sorghum losing resistance.Liaoning Agricultural Sciences,1999(1):3-6.
[20]杨洪昌,范源洪,吴正焜,李俊,李发龙.甜高粱抗倒伏性状评价及其倒伏系数初探.作物杂志,2008(3):54-56.YANG H C,FAN Y H,WU Z K,LI J,LI F L.Preliminary study of evaluation of lodging resistance and coefficient on sweet sorghum.Crops,2008(3):54-56.
[21]郑凯,顾洪如,沈益新,丁成龙.牧草品质评价体系及品质育种的研究进展.草业科学,2006,23(5):57-61.ZHENG K,GU H R,SHEN Y X,DING C L.Evaluation system of forage quality and research advances in forage quality breeding.Pratacultural Science,2006,23(5):57-61.
[22]崔雄雄,侯扶江,常生华,王召锋.高寒牧区两个燕麦品种的产量与品质比较.草业科学,2018,35(6):1489-1495.CUI X X,HOU F J,CHANG S H,WANG Z F.Comparison of yield and nutritional quality of two oat(Avena sativa)varieties grown in the alpine pastoral region of China.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(6):1489-1495.
[23]廖祥龙,张美艳,钟声,王显国,薛世明,高月娥.滇中地区饲用高粱主要农艺性状和品质性状分析.中国草地学报,2013,35(2):110-115.LIAO X L,ZHANG M Y,ZHONG S,WANG X G,XUE S M,GAO Y E.Analysis of agronomic traits and nutrition quality parameters of forage sorghum in Dianzhong region.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(2):110-115.
[24]钱续,尹作乾,金海林,杨克诚,白露.日本饲用高粱夏播试验及营养价值分析.草业科学,2012,29(2):327-330.QIAN X,YIN Z Q,JIN H L,YANG K C,BAI L.Test of summersowing for forage sorghum introduced from Japan and analysis of its nutritive value.Pratacultural Science,2012,29(2):327-330.
[25]崔凤娟,田福东,王振国,李岩,徐庆全,呼瑞梅,李默,邓志兰,周福荣.饲用高粱品种品质性状的比较及评价.草地学报,2012,20(6):1112-1116.CUI F J,TIAN F D,WANG Z G,LI Y,XU Q Q,HU R M,LI M,DENG Z L,ZHOU F R.Comparison and evaluation of quality traits between forage Sorghum varieties.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2012,20(6):1112-1116.
[26]李春喜,冯海生.甜高粱在青海高原不同海拔生态区的适应性研究.草业学报,2013,22(3):51-59.LI C X,FENG H S.A study on the adaptability of sweet sorghum planted in different altitudinal areas of the Qinghai plateau.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):51-59.
[2]SINGH S,BHA B V,SHUKLA G P,GAHARANA D,ANELE U Y.Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of sorghum stovers in sheep.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,227:42-51.
[3]王黎明,焦少杰,姜艳喜,严洪冬,苏德峰,孙广全.不同来源甜高粱种质资源的表型遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(2):411-416.WANGL M,JIAO S J,JIANG Y X,YAN H D,SU D F,SUN G Q.Genetic diversity analysis on sweet sorghum germplasm resources of different origins based on agronomical traits.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2014,15(2):411-416.
[4]冯海生,李春喜.应用灰色关联度综合评价甜高粱的生产性能.草地学报,2013,21(3):97-100.FENG H S,LI C X.A comprehensive evaluation of production performance of sweet sorghum varieties using grey correlative degree analysis.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2013,21(3):97-100.
[5]许能祥,顾洪如,董臣飞,程云辉,张文洁,丁成龙.刈割对不同品种褐色中脉饲用高粱饲草品质及农艺性状的影响.草地学报,2014,22(3):623-630.XU N X,GU H F,DONG C F,CHENG Y H,ZHANG W J,DING C L.Effects of cutting on the feed quality and agronomic traits of brown midrib(bmr)forage sorghum varieties.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2014,22(3):623-630.
[6]严洪冬,焦少杰,王黎明,姜艳喜,苏德峰,孙广全.不同地域气象条件对甜高粱农艺性状的影响.中国种业,2011(12):40-42.YAN H D,JIAO S J,WANG L M,JIANG Y X,SU D F,SUN G Q.Effect of different regional meteorological conditions on agronomic traits of sweet sorghum.China Seed Industry,2011(12):40-42.
[7]王继师,刘祖昕,樊帆,韩立朴,谢光辉.24个甜高粱品种主要农艺性状与品质性状遗传多样性分析.中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):83-91.WANG J S,LIU Z X,FAN F,HAN L P,XIE G H.Analysis of genetic diversity and inheritability of agronomic traits and chemical compositions in sweet sorghum(Sorghum bicolor).Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):83-91.
[8]王赟文,曹致中,韩建国,陈晓军,郝铠.9个苏丹草品种生产性能的评价与聚类分析.草业学报,2005,14(5):117-123.WANG Y W,CAO Z Z,HAN J G,CHEN X J,HAO K.Evaluation and cluster analysis on forage and seed performances of nine Sorghum sudanense varieties.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(5):117-123.
[9]BASSAM E L,JAKOB K.Sweet sorghum a sustainable crop for energy production in Europe results of 10 years experiments(1985-1995):Beijing:Proceedings of First International Sweet Sorghum Conference,1997:88-110.
[10]赵威军,张福耀,常玉卉,张阳,邵荣峰,李金梅.甜高粱品系的抗倒伏性评价及相关分析.植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(1):58-64.ZHAO W J,ZHANG F Y,CHANG Y H,ZHANG Y,SHAO R F,LI J M.Evaluation and correlation analysis of lodging resistance on sweet sorghum lines.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2013,14(1):58-64.
[11]李勇进.施肥模式和光合作用增效剂对甜高粱产量和品质的影响.长沙:湖南农业大学硕士学位论文,2013.LI Y J.Effect of fertilization modes and photosynthesis synergist on yield and quality of sweet sorghum.Master Thesis.Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2013.
[12]李源,游永亮,赵海明,谢楠,翟兰菊,刘贵波.褐色中脉饲草高粱品种产量品质与抗逆性分析.草地学报,2014,22(4):889-896.LI Y,YOU Y L,ZHAO H M,XIE N,ZHAI L J,LIU G B.Analysis on the yield,quality and stress resistance of brown midrib forage sorghum varieties.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2014,22(4):889-896.
[13]SUJATHA K,SNCVL P,SHIVANI D.Stability of yield and related traits in the land races of rabi sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench).Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding,2016,3(7):620-625.
[14]肖雪君,周青平,陈有军,杜忠,柏晓玲,田莉华,彭先琴.播种量对高寒牧区林纳燕麦生产性能及光合特性的影响.草业科学,2017,34(4):761-771.XIAO X J,ZHOU Q P,CHEN Y J,DU Z,BAI X L,TIAN L H,PENG X Q.Effect of seeding rate on production performance and photosynthetic characteristics of Avena sativa cv.LENA in alpine pastoral regions.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(4):761-771.
[15]李进,杜曼·依玛买地.新疆高粱生产现状与发展前景.新疆农业科学,1994(5):236-238.LI J,Duman·Yimamaidi.Production status and development prospect of sorghum in Xinjiang.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,1994(5):236-238.
[16]CARMI A,UMIEL N,HAGILADI A,YOSEF E.Field performance and nutritive value of a new forage sorghum variety‘Pnina’recently developed in Israel.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2005(85):2567-2573.
[17]BASHFORD L,MARANVILLE J W,WEEKS S A,CAMPBELL R.Mechanical properties affecting lodging of sorghum.Transactions of the ASAE,1976,19(5):0962-0966.
[18]ESECHIE H A,MARANVILLE J W,ROSS W M.Relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in sorghum.Crop Science,1977,17(4):609-612.
[19]孙守钧,曹秀云,侯秀英,何平,冯鸿图.高粱抗倒机理的研究.辽宁农业科学,1999(1):3-6.SUN S J,CAO X Y,HOU X Y,HE P,FENG H T.Study on the mechanism of sorghum losing resistance.Liaoning Agricultural Sciences,1999(1):3-6.
[20]杨洪昌,范源洪,吴正焜,李俊,李发龙.甜高粱抗倒伏性状评价及其倒伏系数初探.作物杂志,2008(3):54-56.YANG H C,FAN Y H,WU Z K,LI J,LI F L.Preliminary study of evaluation of lodging resistance and coefficient on sweet sorghum.Crops,2008(3):54-56.
[21]郑凯,顾洪如,沈益新,丁成龙.牧草品质评价体系及品质育种的研究进展.草业科学,2006,23(5):57-61.ZHENG K,GU H R,SHEN Y X,DING C L.Evaluation system of forage quality and research advances in forage quality breeding.Pratacultural Science,2006,23(5):57-61.
[22]崔雄雄,侯扶江,常生华,王召锋.高寒牧区两个燕麦品种的产量与品质比较.草业科学,2018,35(6):1489-1495.CUI X X,HOU F J,CHANG S H,WANG Z F.Comparison of yield and nutritional quality of two oat(Avena sativa)varieties grown in the alpine pastoral region of China.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(6):1489-1495.
[23]廖祥龙,张美艳,钟声,王显国,薛世明,高月娥.滇中地区饲用高粱主要农艺性状和品质性状分析.中国草地学报,2013,35(2):110-115.LIAO X L,ZHANG M Y,ZHONG S,WANG X G,XUE S M,GAO Y E.Analysis of agronomic traits and nutrition quality parameters of forage sorghum in Dianzhong region.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(2):110-115.
[24]钱续,尹作乾,金海林,杨克诚,白露.日本饲用高粱夏播试验及营养价值分析.草业科学,2012,29(2):327-330.QIAN X,YIN Z Q,JIN H L,YANG K C,BAI L.Test of summersowing for forage sorghum introduced from Japan and analysis of its nutritive value.Pratacultural Science,2012,29(2):327-330.
[25]崔凤娟,田福东,王振国,李岩,徐庆全,呼瑞梅,李默,邓志兰,周福荣.饲用高粱品种品质性状的比较及评价.草地学报,2012,20(6):1112-1116.CUI F J,TIAN F D,WANG Z G,LI Y,XU Q Q,HU R M,LI M,DENG Z L,ZHOU F R.Comparison and evaluation of quality traits between forage Sorghum varieties.Acta Agrectir Sinica,2012,20(6):1112-1116.
[26]李春喜,冯海生.甜高粱在青海高原不同海拔生态区的适应性研究.草业学报,2013,22(3):51-59.LI C X,FENG H S.A study on the adaptability of sweet sorghum planted in different altitudinal areas of the Qinghai plateau.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):51-59.
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