科尔沁沙地自然恢复沙质草地生态系统碳通量特征
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摘要
以科尔沁沙地围封后自然恢复的沙质草地生态系统为研究对象,基于全年运行的涡动相关系统,观测分析了2017年该生态系统净CO_2通量(NEE)在不同时间尺度的变化特征。结果表明:(1)日尺度上,NEE呈"单峰型",其中生长季(5—9月)出现明显的吸收峰,而非生长季(10月至次年4月)出现明显的排放峰;季节尺度上,NEE表现为吸收峰值和释放峰值交替出现,生长季为碳汇(净吸收202.11 g·m~(-2)),非生长季为碳源(净释放298.13 g·m~(-2));全年尺度上,NEE表现为碳源(净释放96.02g·m~(-2)·a~(-1))。(2) NEE在生长季与温度(空气温度和土壤温度)呈显著(P<0.01)线性负相关关系,而在非生长季反之;NEE与土壤含水量在生长季和非生长季均呈显著(P<0.01)线性正相关关系;温度和土壤含水量的协同作用对NEE亦有重要影响。
The characteristics of net ecosystem CO_2 exchange(NEE) at different time scales were investigated in sandy grassland ecosystem under natural restoration in Horqin Sandy Land,based on the year-round(1 January 2017～31 December 2017) eddy covariance system.The results showed that:1) The monthly mean diurnal variation of NEE changed apparently with a single peak curve;there were obvious absorption peaks during the growing season(from May to September) while obvious release peaks during the non-growing season(from October to April).At the seasonal scale,the absorption peak and the release peak appeared alternately;the growing season was a carbon sink(with a net CO_2 absorption of 202.11 g·m~(-2)),whereas a carbon source for non-growing season(with a net CO_2 release of 298.13 g·m~(-2)).The annual carbon budget of the sandy grassland ecosystem showed a carbon source,with a net CO_2 release of 96.02 g·m~(-2)·a-1.2) The NEE was significantly(P<0.01) negatively linearly related to the temperature(both air and soil temperatures) during the growing season,but on the contrary during the non-growing season.However,the NEE was significantly(P<0.01) positively linearly related to the soil water content during both the growing and non-growing seasons.The temperature and soil water content had significant synergistic effect on NEE.
The characteristics of net ecosystem CO_2 exchange(NEE) at different time scales were investigated in sandy grassland ecosystem under natural restoration in Horqin Sandy Land,based on the year-round(1 January 2017～31 December 2017) eddy covariance system.The results showed that:1) The monthly mean diurnal variation of NEE changed apparently with a single peak curve;there were obvious absorption peaks during the growing season(from May to September) while obvious release peaks during the non-growing season(from October to April).At the seasonal scale,the absorption peak and the release peak appeared alternately;the growing season was a carbon sink(with a net CO_2 absorption of 202.11 g·m~(-2)),whereas a carbon source for non-growing season(with a net CO_2 release of 298.13 g·m~(-2)).The annual carbon budget of the sandy grassland ecosystem showed a carbon source,with a net CO_2 release of 96.02 g·m~(-2)·a-1.2) The NEE was significantly(P<0.01) negatively linearly related to the temperature(both air and soil temperatures) during the growing season,but on the contrary during the non-growing season.However,the NEE was significantly(P<0.01) positively linearly related to the soil water content during both the growing and non-growing seasons.The temperature and soil water content had significant synergistic effect on NEE.
引文
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牛亚毅,李玉强,王旭洋,等,2018.干旱年份沙质草地生态系统净CO2通量年变化特征[J].草业学报,27(1):215-221.
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徐保梁,2016.全球及区域陆地降水的多时间尺度变化特征及其与海温的联系[D].北京:中国科学院大学,1-40.
徐世晓,赵新全,李英年,等,2004.青藏高原高寒灌丛生长季和非生长季CO2通量分析[J].中国科学,(A02):118-124.
许大全,1997.光合作用的“午睡”现象[J].植物生理学报,33(6):466-467.
严晓强,胡泽勇,孙根厚,等,2018.那曲高寒草地上四种地表通量计算方法的对比[J].高原气象,37(2):358-370.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00067.
于贵瑞,孙晓敏,2008.中国陆地生态系统碳通量观测技术及时空变化特征[M].北京:科学出版社.
于贵瑞,伏玉玲,孙晓敏,等,2006.中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX)的研究进展及其发展思路[J].中国科学,(A01):1-21.
张金霞,曹广民,周党卫,等,2003.高寒矮嵩草草甸大气-土壤-植被-动物系统碳素储量及碳素循环[J].生态学报,23(4):627-634.
赵哈林,2003.科尔沁沙地沙漠化过程及其恢复机理[M].北京:海洋出版社.
赵同谦,欧阳志云,贾良清,等,2004.中国草地生态系统服务功能间接价值评价[J].生态学报,1(6):1101-1110.
周媛媛,李新荣,高艳红,等,2017.环境因子对沙坡头人工植被区碳通量的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),53(4):512-520.
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Dugas W A,Heuer M L,Mayeux H S,1999.Carbon dioxide fluxes over bermudagrass,native prairie,and sorghum[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,93(2):121-139.
Falge E,Baldocchi D,Olson R,et al,2001.Gap filling strategies for long term energy flux data sets[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,107(1):71-77.
Fu Y,Yu G,Wang Y,et al,2006.Effect of water stress on ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration of a Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia[J].Science in China,49(S2):196-206.
Gao Y H,Li X R,Liu L C,et al,2012.Seasonal variation of carbon exchange from a revegetation area in a Chinese desert[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,156:134-142.
Hunt J E,Kelliher F M,Mcseveny T M,et al,2002.Evaporation and carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and a tussock grassland during a summer drought[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,111(1):65-82.
Li Y Q,Chen Y P,Wang X Y,et al,2017.Improvements in soil carbon and nitrogen capacities after shrub planting to stabilize sand dunes in China’s Horqin Sandy Land[J].Sustainability,9(4):662.
Li Y Q,Brandle J,Awada T,et al,2013.Accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in the plant-soil system after afforestation of active sand dunes in China's Horqin Sandy Land[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,177:75-84.
Verma S B,Kim J,Clement R J,1992.Momentum,water vapor,and carbon dioxide exchange at a centrally located prairie site during FIFE[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,97(D17):18629-18639.
Xu L K,Baldocchi D D,2004.Seasonal variation in carbon dioxide exchange over a Mediterranean annual grassland in California[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,123(1-2):79-96.
Xu S X,Zhao X Q,Li Y N,et al,2005.Diurnal and monthly variations of carbon dioxide flux in an alpine shrub on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(6):539-543.
Zhang G G,Kang Y M,Han G D,et al,2011.Grassland degradation reduces the carbon sequestration capacity of the vegetation and enhances the soil carbon and nitrogen loss[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,61(4):356-364.
常小峰,2012.三江源区高寒草地土壤有机碳空间分布及影响因素[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,1-180.
陈丽晶,张镭,梁捷宁,等,2017.半干旱区不同下垫面大气湍流通量比较分析[J].高原气象,36(5):1325-1335.DOI:10.7522/j.jssn.1000-0534.2016.00101.
陈新芳,居为民,陈镜明,等,2009.陆地生态系统碳水循环的相互作用及其模拟[J].生态学杂志,28(8):1630-1639.
董刚,2011.中国东北松嫩草甸草原碳水通量及水分利用效率研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,1-95.
董婷婷,2013.库布齐沙地生态系统碳通量及控制机制研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,1-50.
杜群,刘辉志,冯健武,等,2012.半干旱区草原生态系统的碳交换特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,(5):711-722.
杜睿,吕达仁,王庚辰,2005.天然温带典型草原N2O和CH4通量的时间变化特征[J].自然科学进展,15(3):313-320.
龚婷婷,雷慧闽,杨大文,等,2018.荒漠灌丛碳通量对极端水分和温度的响应研究[J].水力发电学报,(2):32-46.
郝彦宾,2006.内蒙古羊草草原碳通量观测及其驱动机制分析[D].北京:中国科学院植物研究所,1-140.
何学敏,2012.艾比湖地区非生长季碳通量监测及响应机制初探[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,1-100.
李才才,白梨花,王一帆,等,2012.植被修复对退化草地固碳的影响及展望[J].内蒙古草业(2):6-12.
李超,胡海波,2012.次生栎林生态系统碳通量与环境因子非对称响应机制[J].中南林业科技大学学报:32(9):94-101.
李婧,刘树华,茅宇豪,2006a.不同人为干扰地表条件下湍流通量特征的研究[J].自然科学进展,16(6):59-66.
李婧,刘树华,茅宇豪,等,2006b.不同生态系统CO2通量和浓度特征分析研究[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1298-1307.
刘新平,何玉惠,赵学勇,等,2011.科尔沁沙地奈曼地区降水变化特征分析[J].水土保持研究,18(2):155-158.
孟庆兰,赵赫,高军凯,等,2017.科尔沁地区年降水波动与空间分异特征[J].高原气象,36(5):1234-1244.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00114.
牛亚毅,李玉强,龚相文,等,2017.沙质草地生长季生态系统碳净交换量特征及土壤呼吸贡献率[J].生态学杂志,36(9):2423-2430.
牛亚毅,李玉强,王旭洋,等,2018.干旱年份沙质草地生态系统净CO2通量年变化特征[J].草业学报,27(1):215-221.
石培礼,孙晓敏,徐玲玲,等,2006.西藏高原草原化嵩草草甸生态系统CO2净交换及其影响因子[J].中国科学:地球科学,36(s1):194-203.
苏永中,赵哈林,2003.持续放牧和围封对科尔沁沙地退化草地碳截存的影响[J].环境科学,24(4):23-28.
王斌,2014.三江源区退化和人工草地生态系统CO2通量及其影响机制的研究[D].天津:南开大学,1-132.
王斌,李洁,姜微微,等,2012.草地退化对三江源区高寒草甸生态系统CO2通量的影响及其原因[J].中国环境科学,32(10):1764-1771.
王海波,马明国,王旭峰,等,2014.青藏高原东缘高寒草甸生态系统碳通量变化特征及其影响因素[J].干旱区资源与环境,28(6):50-56.
王娓,汪涛,彭书时,等,2007.冬季土壤呼吸:不可忽视的地气CO2交换过程[J].植物生态学报,31(3):394-402.
王雯,2013.黄土高原旱作麦田生态系统CO2通量变化特征及环境响应机制[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,1-133.
王新源,李玉霖,赵学勇,等,2012.干旱半干旱区不同环境因素对土壤呼吸影响研究进展[J].生态学报,32(15):4890-4901.
徐保梁,2016.全球及区域陆地降水的多时间尺度变化特征及其与海温的联系[D].北京:中国科学院大学,1-40.
徐世晓,赵新全,李英年,等,2004.青藏高原高寒灌丛生长季和非生长季CO2通量分析[J].中国科学,(A02):118-124.
许大全,1997.光合作用的“午睡”现象[J].植物生理学报,33(6):466-467.
严晓强,胡泽勇,孙根厚,等,2018.那曲高寒草地上四种地表通量计算方法的对比[J].高原气象,37(2):358-370.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00067.
于贵瑞,孙晓敏,2008.中国陆地生态系统碳通量观测技术及时空变化特征[M].北京:科学出版社.
于贵瑞,伏玉玲,孙晓敏,等,2006.中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX)的研究进展及其发展思路[J].中国科学,(A01):1-21.
张金霞,曹广民,周党卫,等,2003.高寒矮嵩草草甸大气-土壤-植被-动物系统碳素储量及碳素循环[J].生态学报,23(4):627-634.
赵哈林,2003.科尔沁沙地沙漠化过程及其恢复机理[M].北京:海洋出版社.
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