基于GPS轨迹栅格化的旅游行为空间模式分析
|
摘要
选择GPS轨迹内涵的移动速度、速度波动特征、移动状态持续时间、数据异常点等旅游行为基本特征,作为旅游行为模式分类的基础,文章提出了GPS轨迹栅格化的概念模式,设计了基于GPS轨迹栅格化的旅游行为空间模式表达方法。该方法不仅能够区分观光式、休憩式和乘车式3种不同类型的旅游行为空间模式,而且能够描述旅游空间任意位置的主导行为模式,可以解决旅游时空行为和旅游地理格局与过程的精细化定量研究。九寨沟实例研究证明,栅格化的旅游行为空间模式计算结果与其他数据源的研究结果基本一致,但描述视角更丰富、时空精度更高。该方法能够对旅游时空行为的研究提供支持,提高旅游地理学研究的精细程度,案例计算结果可以为旅游地规划与管理,特别是为观光路线和景区引导设计提供参考。
Location-based services that utilize GPS are convenient for travel.The GPS data collected by such services can be used to investigate tourist behavior and plan tourism products.GPS data include location and time and thus can be used to reconstruct tourist time-space behavior.GPS trajectories are more reliable than data obtained from questionnaires and other types of tourist information.Based on the characteristics of GPS trajectories,such as movement velocity,velocity fluctuation,movement duration,and data anomalies,this study rasterizes GPS trajectories and proposes a method for representing tourist behavioral spatial patterns.This method can distinguish three types of tourist behavioral spatial patterns,namely the sightseeing tour,recreational tour,and bus tour.In addition,it can indicate the dominant behavior pattern anywhere in a tourist area.This information can be used to quantitatively study tourist time-space behavior and tourism geography.An empirical study conducted on Jiuzhai Valley demonstrates that GPS trajectories can be used to characterize the spatial distribution patterns of different types of tourist under multiple temporal and spatial scales.The tourist behavior characteristics of the spatial distribution model are obvious.For the entire tourist area,sightseeing tours are found to be concentrated in Shuzheng Valley and Rize Valley.Colorful Pond and Lang Lake are typical landscapes in Zechawa Valley.From the spatial scale of a single sightseeing line,sightseeing is concentrated in the"Heye Village-Tiger Lake"section in Shuzheng Valley and the"Mirror Lake-Pearl Shoal-Five Flower Lake-Arrow Bamboo Lake"section in Rize Valley.From the spatial scale of a single landscape,Shuzheng Lakes,Nuorilang Lakes,Pearl Shoal,Five Flower Lake,Panda Lake,and Arrow Bamboo Lake are the most popular sightseeing spots.The results of the rasterized tourist behavior spatial model are basically consistent with other data sources,but the model provides a richer perspective for research and gives higher spatio-temporal accuracy.The proposed method can be used for research on tourist space-time behavior and tourism geography.The results can provide a reference for the planning and management of tourism destinations,especially sightseeing routes and scenic guide design.
Location-based services that utilize GPS are convenient for travel.The GPS data collected by such services can be used to investigate tourist behavior and plan tourism products.GPS data include location and time and thus can be used to reconstruct tourist time-space behavior.GPS trajectories are more reliable than data obtained from questionnaires and other types of tourist information.Based on the characteristics of GPS trajectories,such as movement velocity,velocity fluctuation,movement duration,and data anomalies,this study rasterizes GPS trajectories and proposes a method for representing tourist behavioral spatial patterns.This method can distinguish three types of tourist behavioral spatial patterns,namely the sightseeing tour,recreational tour,and bus tour.In addition,it can indicate the dominant behavior pattern anywhere in a tourist area.This information can be used to quantitatively study tourist time-space behavior and tourism geography.An empirical study conducted on Jiuzhai Valley demonstrates that GPS trajectories can be used to characterize the spatial distribution patterns of different types of tourist under multiple temporal and spatial scales.The tourist behavior characteristics of the spatial distribution model are obvious.For the entire tourist area,sightseeing tours are found to be concentrated in Shuzheng Valley and Rize Valley.Colorful Pond and Lang Lake are typical landscapes in Zechawa Valley.From the spatial scale of a single sightseeing line,sightseeing is concentrated in the"Heye Village-Tiger Lake"section in Shuzheng Valley and the"Mirror Lake-Pearl Shoal-Five Flower Lake-Arrow Bamboo Lake"section in Rize Valley.From the spatial scale of a single landscape,Shuzheng Lakes,Nuorilang Lakes,Pearl Shoal,Five Flower Lake,Panda Lake,and Arrow Bamboo Lake are the most popular sightseeing spots.The results of the rasterized tourist behavior spatial model are basically consistent with other data sources,but the model provides a richer perspective for research and gives higher spatio-temporal accuracy.The proposed method can be used for research on tourist space-time behavior and tourism geography.The results can provide a reference for the planning and management of tourism destinations,especially sightseeing routes and scenic guide design.
引文
[1]LIU Rufei.Selective marketing for sustainable development of tourism based on the analysis of environmental behavior:A case study of Jiuzhaigou[J].Human Geography,2010,(6):114-119.[刘如菲.旅游者环境行为分析及其对可持续旅游选择性营销的启示--以九寨沟为例[J].人文地理,2010,(6):114-119.]
[2]QI Qiuyin,ZHANG Jie,YANG Yang,et al.On environmental attitudes and behavior intention of tourists in natural heritage site:A case study of Jiuzhaigou[J].Tourism Tribune,2009,24?(11):41-46.[祁秋寅,张捷,杨旸,等.自然遗产地旅游者环境态度与环境行为倾向研究--以九寨沟为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(11):41-46.]
[3]WU Tiehong,ZHANG Jie,ZHANG Honglei,et al.On the relationship between tourism destination attributes and tourists’perceived attitude,post-purchase behavior:A case of Jiuzhaigou landscape area[J].Tourism Tribune,2009,24(5):36-42.[乌铁红,张捷,张宏磊,等.旅游地属性与旅游者感知态度和购后行为的关系--以九寨沟风景区为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(5):36-42.]
[4]GAN Lu,LIU Yan,LU Tianling.Study on the motives of tourists coming to Sichuan after Wenchuan Earthquake and their perceptions about the impact of the earthquake on local tourism[J].Tourism Tribune,2010,25(1):59-64.[甘露,刘燕,卢天玲.汶川地震后入川游客的动机及对四川旅游受灾情况的感知研究[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(1):59-64.]
[5]CHEN Deguang,MIAO Changhong.The quantitative research on domestic tourism motivations of urban in habitants:The case study of Kaifeng,Henan province[J].Tourism Tribune,2006,21(6):22-28.[陈德广,苗长虹.基于旅游动机的旅游者聚类研究--以河南省开封市居民的国内旅游为例[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(6):22-28.]
[6]ZHI Liehui,LI Renjie,FU Xueqing,et al.Date mining method of hot-toponym and its co-occurrence in crowd sourcing text written by tourists[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(8):144-151.[智烈慧,李仁杰,傅学庆,等.众包旅游文本热度地名的共现数据挖掘[J].测绘科学,2016,41(8):144-151.]
[7]WANG Shoucheng,GUO Fenghua,FU Xueqing,et al.A study of the spatial patterns of tourist sightseeing based on volunteered geographic information:The case of the Jiuzhai valley[J].Tourism Tribune,2014,29(2):84-92.[王守成,郭风华,傅学庆,等.基于自发地理信息的旅游地景观关注度研究[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(2):84-92.]
[8]CAI Jie.Comparative study on spatial patterns of tourist sightseeing based on baidu index:A case study of“Ten View of the West Lake”in Hangzhou[J].Resource Development&Market,2015,31(6):756-759.[蔡杰.基于百度指数的旅游地景观关注度比较研究--以杭州“西湖十景”为例[J].资源开发与市场,2015,31(6):756-759.]
[9]ZHU Ming,SHI Chunyun,YUAN Xin,et al.Study on domestic travel spatial patterns based on the itineraries of travel agency[J].Tourism Tribune,2010,25(9):32-37.[朱明,史春云,袁欣,等.基于旅行社线路的国内旅行空间模式研究[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(9):32-37.]
[10]LU Lin,TANG Yunyun.Spatial behavior patterns of domestic tourists of the Zhujiang River Delta metropolitan area[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(1):10-18.[陆林,汤云云.珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):10-18.]
[11]ZHANG Shaojie.Research on the Temporal-Spatial Behavior of Tourists within“Big Xi.an Tourism Circle”based on Geotagged Photos[D].Xi.an:Shaanxi Normal University,2015.[张少杰.基?于理标记照片的大西安旅游圈游客时空行为研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2015.]
[12]WU Chuanbiao,XIANG Huirong.Thespation temporal behavior characteristic of touristsin Dalian based on geotagged photographs[J].Journal of Liaoning Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2017,40(3):387-394.[武传表,向慧容.基于地理标记照片的赴大连游客时空行为特征研究[J].辽宁师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,40(3):387-394.]
[13]YANG Xingzhu,JIANG Kai,LU Lin.Urban tourist path trajectory spatial characteristics:An empirical analysis of geotagged photos[J].Economic Geography,2014,34(1):181-187.[杨兴柱,蒋锴,陆林.南京市游客路径轨迹空间特征研究--以地理标记照片为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(1):181-187.]
[14]KORPILO S,VIRTANEN T,LEHV?VIRTA S.Smartphone GPS tracking-Inexpensive and efficient data collection on recreational movement[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2017,157:608-617.
[15]SUN M,RYAN C,PAN S.Assessing tourists’perceptions and behaviour through photographic and blog analysis:The case of Chinese bloggers and New Zealand holidays[J].Tourism Management Perspectives,2014,12:125-133.
[16]CHUNG N,LEE H,LEE S J,et al.The influence of tourism website on tourists’behavior to determine destination selection:A case study of creative economy in Korea[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2015,96:130-143.
[17]GUAN Meibao,SHEN Yue,ZHAO Ying,et al.GIS methods in time-geographic research geocomputation and geovisualization of human activity pattern[J].Urban Planning International,2010,25(6):18-26.[关美宝,申悦,赵莹,等.时间地理学研究中的GIS方法:人类行为模式的地理计算与地理可视化[J].国际城市规划,2011,(6):18-26.]
[18]ORELLANA D,BREGT A K,LIGTENBERG A,et al.Exploring visitor movement patterns in natural recreational areas[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(3):672-682.
[19]HUANG Xiaoting,LI Wenxuan,ZHANG Haiping,et al.evaluation of tourist temporal-spatial behavior based on GPSdata[J].Tourism Tribune.2016,31(9):40-49.[黄潇婷,李玟璇,张海平,等.基于GPS数据的旅游时空行为评价研究[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(9):40-49.]
[20]HUANG Xiaoting.A study on temporal-spatial behavior pattern of tourists based on time-geography science:A case study of Summer Palace,Beijing[J].Tourism Tribune,2009,24(6):82-87.[黄潇婷.基于时间地理学的景区旅游者时空行为模式研究--以北京颐和园为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(6):82-87.]
[21]HUANG Xiaoting.A study of tourists’emotional experience process based on space-time path:A case study of Ocean Park in Hong Kong[J].Tourism Tribune,2015,30(6):39-45.[黄潇婷.基于时空路径的旅游情感体验过程研究--以香港海洋公园为例[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(6):39-45]
[22]LI Yuan,DING Yanjie,WANG De.A new approach for designing tourist routes by considering travel time constraints and spatial behavior characteristics of tourists[J].Tourism Tribune,2016,31(9):50-60.[李渊,丁燕杰,王德.旅游者时间约束和空间行为特征的景区旅游线路设计方法研究[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(9):50-60.]
[23]ZHENG W,HUANG X,LI Y.Understanding the tourist mobility using GPS:Where is the next place?[J].Tourism Management,2017,59:267-280.
[24]LI G,JIN F,CHEN Y,et al.Location characteristics and differentiation mechanism of logistics nodes and logistics enterprises based on points of interest(POI):A case study of Beijing[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2017,27(7):879-896.
[25]WANG Shoucheng.A Study on Landscape Attention-degree of Tourist Based on Volunteered Geographic Information:A Case of Jiuzhaigou Tourism Destination[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2010.[王守成.基于自发地理信息的旅游地景观关注度研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2013.]
[26]JING Enming,GUO Fenghua,LI Renjie,et al.Analysis of scenic network attention-degree of A-grade tourist attractions in Hebei province:Base on Sina travel blogs[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2015,31(3):118-122.[静恩明,郭风华,李仁杰,等.基于新浪旅游博客的河北省A级景区网络关注度研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(3):118-122.]
[27]GOU Siyuan,LI Gang,ZHANG Kexin,et al.Space-time behavior of“tourists”based on self-media platform:A case study of Professor W’s WeChat moments[J].Tourism Tribune,2016,31(8):71-80.[苟思远,李钢,张可心,等.基于自媒体平台的“旅游者”时空行为研究--以W教授的微信“朋友圈”为例[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(8):71-80.]
[28]LYU Li,ZENG Qijie,LU Lin.Spatial behavior of Chinese domestic tourists of Shanghai World Expo[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):186-192.[吕丽,曾琪洁,陆林.上海世博会中国国内旅游者空间行为研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):186-192.]
[29]YANG Xinjun,NIU Dong,WU Bihu.Spatial models and their assessment on regional tourist behavior[J].Economic Geography,2000,20(4):105-108.[杨新军,牛栋,吴必虎.旅游行为空间模式及其评价[J].经济地理,2000,20(4):105-108.]
[30]WU Jiangling,ZHANG Shengrui,WANG Qiuping,et al.Research on crossing speed characteristics for pedestrianat signalized intersection[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Transportation Science&Engineering,2014,38(6):1295-1299.[吴江玲,张生瑞,王秋平,等.信号交叉口行人步行速度特性分析[J].武汉理工大学学报:交通科学与工程版,2014,38(6):1295-1299.]
[2]QI Qiuyin,ZHANG Jie,YANG Yang,et al.On environmental attitudes and behavior intention of tourists in natural heritage site:A case study of Jiuzhaigou[J].Tourism Tribune,2009,24?(11):41-46.[祁秋寅,张捷,杨旸,等.自然遗产地旅游者环境态度与环境行为倾向研究--以九寨沟为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(11):41-46.]
[3]WU Tiehong,ZHANG Jie,ZHANG Honglei,et al.On the relationship between tourism destination attributes and tourists’perceived attitude,post-purchase behavior:A case of Jiuzhaigou landscape area[J].Tourism Tribune,2009,24(5):36-42.[乌铁红,张捷,张宏磊,等.旅游地属性与旅游者感知态度和购后行为的关系--以九寨沟风景区为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(5):36-42.]
[4]GAN Lu,LIU Yan,LU Tianling.Study on the motives of tourists coming to Sichuan after Wenchuan Earthquake and their perceptions about the impact of the earthquake on local tourism[J].Tourism Tribune,2010,25(1):59-64.[甘露,刘燕,卢天玲.汶川地震后入川游客的动机及对四川旅游受灾情况的感知研究[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(1):59-64.]
[5]CHEN Deguang,MIAO Changhong.The quantitative research on domestic tourism motivations of urban in habitants:The case study of Kaifeng,Henan province[J].Tourism Tribune,2006,21(6):22-28.[陈德广,苗长虹.基于旅游动机的旅游者聚类研究--以河南省开封市居民的国内旅游为例[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(6):22-28.]
[6]ZHI Liehui,LI Renjie,FU Xueqing,et al.Date mining method of hot-toponym and its co-occurrence in crowd sourcing text written by tourists[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(8):144-151.[智烈慧,李仁杰,傅学庆,等.众包旅游文本热度地名的共现数据挖掘[J].测绘科学,2016,41(8):144-151.]
[7]WANG Shoucheng,GUO Fenghua,FU Xueqing,et al.A study of the spatial patterns of tourist sightseeing based on volunteered geographic information:The case of the Jiuzhai valley[J].Tourism Tribune,2014,29(2):84-92.[王守成,郭风华,傅学庆,等.基于自发地理信息的旅游地景观关注度研究[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(2):84-92.]
[8]CAI Jie.Comparative study on spatial patterns of tourist sightseeing based on baidu index:A case study of“Ten View of the West Lake”in Hangzhou[J].Resource Development&Market,2015,31(6):756-759.[蔡杰.基于百度指数的旅游地景观关注度比较研究--以杭州“西湖十景”为例[J].资源开发与市场,2015,31(6):756-759.]
[9]ZHU Ming,SHI Chunyun,YUAN Xin,et al.Study on domestic travel spatial patterns based on the itineraries of travel agency[J].Tourism Tribune,2010,25(9):32-37.[朱明,史春云,袁欣,等.基于旅行社线路的国内旅行空间模式研究[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(9):32-37.]
[10]LU Lin,TANG Yunyun.Spatial behavior patterns of domestic tourists of the Zhujiang River Delta metropolitan area[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(1):10-18.[陆林,汤云云.珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):10-18.]
[11]ZHANG Shaojie.Research on the Temporal-Spatial Behavior of Tourists within“Big Xi.an Tourism Circle”based on Geotagged Photos[D].Xi.an:Shaanxi Normal University,2015.[张少杰.基?于理标记照片的大西安旅游圈游客时空行为研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2015.]
[12]WU Chuanbiao,XIANG Huirong.Thespation temporal behavior characteristic of touristsin Dalian based on geotagged photographs[J].Journal of Liaoning Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2017,40(3):387-394.[武传表,向慧容.基于地理标记照片的赴大连游客时空行为特征研究[J].辽宁师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,40(3):387-394.]
[13]YANG Xingzhu,JIANG Kai,LU Lin.Urban tourist path trajectory spatial characteristics:An empirical analysis of geotagged photos[J].Economic Geography,2014,34(1):181-187.[杨兴柱,蒋锴,陆林.南京市游客路径轨迹空间特征研究--以地理标记照片为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(1):181-187.]
[14]KORPILO S,VIRTANEN T,LEHV?VIRTA S.Smartphone GPS tracking-Inexpensive and efficient data collection on recreational movement[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2017,157:608-617.
[15]SUN M,RYAN C,PAN S.Assessing tourists’perceptions and behaviour through photographic and blog analysis:The case of Chinese bloggers and New Zealand holidays[J].Tourism Management Perspectives,2014,12:125-133.
[16]CHUNG N,LEE H,LEE S J,et al.The influence of tourism website on tourists’behavior to determine destination selection:A case study of creative economy in Korea[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2015,96:130-143.
[17]GUAN Meibao,SHEN Yue,ZHAO Ying,et al.GIS methods in time-geographic research geocomputation and geovisualization of human activity pattern[J].Urban Planning International,2010,25(6):18-26.[关美宝,申悦,赵莹,等.时间地理学研究中的GIS方法:人类行为模式的地理计算与地理可视化[J].国际城市规划,2011,(6):18-26.]
[18]ORELLANA D,BREGT A K,LIGTENBERG A,et al.Exploring visitor movement patterns in natural recreational areas[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(3):672-682.
[19]HUANG Xiaoting,LI Wenxuan,ZHANG Haiping,et al.evaluation of tourist temporal-spatial behavior based on GPSdata[J].Tourism Tribune.2016,31(9):40-49.[黄潇婷,李玟璇,张海平,等.基于GPS数据的旅游时空行为评价研究[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(9):40-49.]
[20]HUANG Xiaoting.A study on temporal-spatial behavior pattern of tourists based on time-geography science:A case study of Summer Palace,Beijing[J].Tourism Tribune,2009,24(6):82-87.[黄潇婷.基于时间地理学的景区旅游者时空行为模式研究--以北京颐和园为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(6):82-87.]
[21]HUANG Xiaoting.A study of tourists’emotional experience process based on space-time path:A case study of Ocean Park in Hong Kong[J].Tourism Tribune,2015,30(6):39-45.[黄潇婷.基于时空路径的旅游情感体验过程研究--以香港海洋公园为例[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(6):39-45]
[22]LI Yuan,DING Yanjie,WANG De.A new approach for designing tourist routes by considering travel time constraints and spatial behavior characteristics of tourists[J].Tourism Tribune,2016,31(9):50-60.[李渊,丁燕杰,王德.旅游者时间约束和空间行为特征的景区旅游线路设计方法研究[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(9):50-60.]
[23]ZHENG W,HUANG X,LI Y.Understanding the tourist mobility using GPS:Where is the next place?[J].Tourism Management,2017,59:267-280.
[24]LI G,JIN F,CHEN Y,et al.Location characteristics and differentiation mechanism of logistics nodes and logistics enterprises based on points of interest(POI):A case study of Beijing[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2017,27(7):879-896.
[25]WANG Shoucheng.A Study on Landscape Attention-degree of Tourist Based on Volunteered Geographic Information:A Case of Jiuzhaigou Tourism Destination[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2010.[王守成.基于自发地理信息的旅游地景观关注度研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2013.]
[26]JING Enming,GUO Fenghua,LI Renjie,et al.Analysis of scenic network attention-degree of A-grade tourist attractions in Hebei province:Base on Sina travel blogs[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2015,31(3):118-122.[静恩明,郭风华,李仁杰,等.基于新浪旅游博客的河北省A级景区网络关注度研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(3):118-122.]
[27]GOU Siyuan,LI Gang,ZHANG Kexin,et al.Space-time behavior of“tourists”based on self-media platform:A case study of Professor W’s WeChat moments[J].Tourism Tribune,2016,31(8):71-80.[苟思远,李钢,张可心,等.基于自媒体平台的“旅游者”时空行为研究--以W教授的微信“朋友圈”为例[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(8):71-80.]
[28]LYU Li,ZENG Qijie,LU Lin.Spatial behavior of Chinese domestic tourists of Shanghai World Expo[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):186-192.[吕丽,曾琪洁,陆林.上海世博会中国国内旅游者空间行为研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):186-192.]
[29]YANG Xinjun,NIU Dong,WU Bihu.Spatial models and their assessment on regional tourist behavior[J].Economic Geography,2000,20(4):105-108.[杨新军,牛栋,吴必虎.旅游行为空间模式及其评价[J].经济地理,2000,20(4):105-108.]
[30]WU Jiangling,ZHANG Shengrui,WANG Qiuping,et al.Research on crossing speed characteristics for pedestrianat signalized intersection[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Transportation Science&Engineering,2014,38(6):1295-1299.[吴江玲,张生瑞,王秋平,等.信号交叉口行人步行速度特性分析[J].武汉理工大学学报:交通科学与工程版,2014,38(6):1295-1299.]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |