微塑料对小麦生长及生理生化特性的影响
|
摘要
土壤环境中微塑料污染及毒理学效应逐渐引起关注,但微塑料对植物的毒性及其机制研究仍十分匮乏.为探究微塑料对陆生高等植物小麦(Triticum aestivum)的毒性作用,选用100 nm和5μm聚苯乙烯微塑料(PS-MPs)进行土培处理,结合水培生长试验,研究了PS-MPs对小麦生长及叶片光合色素、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性等的影响.结果表明,水培试验中,高浓度(200 mg·L-1) PS-MPs显著抑制小麦根、茎的伸长,5μm PS-MPs较100 nm PS-MPs表现出更大的毒性效应,小麦根和茎的长度抑制率分别为67. 15%和56. 45%.土培条件下,10 mg·kg-1PS-MPs对小麦生长影响最为显著.在试验含量范围内(0～100 mg·kg-1),随PS-MPs含量的增加,小麦叶片光合色素和可溶性蛋白含量先升后降,提示PS-MPs对小麦叶片光合系统产生了损害,抑制其蛋白的合成;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先降后升,表明PS-MPs对小麦毒性的可能机制涉及氧化应激.本研究结果将为土壤环境中微塑料的生态风险评价提供依据.
The toxicological effects of microplastics in the soil environment have gradually attracted widespread attention,while less is known about the influence of microplastics on plants. The growth of wheat,photosynthetic pigment content,soluble protein content,and the antioxidant enzyme activities of leaves were investigated to explore the toxic effects of microplastics on wheat( Triticum aestivum). In this study,100 nm and 5 μm polystyrene microplastics( PS-MPs) were used for soil culture treatment combined with hydroponic growth. The results showed that in hydroponic experiment,high concentrations( 200 mg·L-1) of PS-MPs significantly inhibited the elongation of wheat roots and stems,and 5 μm PS-MPs showed a greater toxicity effect than 100 nm PS-MPs. Roots and stem length inhibition rates were 67. 15% and 56. 45%,respectively. In the soil culture tests,10 mg·kg-1 PS-MPs had the most significant effect on wheat growth. Within the test content range( 0-100 mg·kg-1),with an increase in PS-MPs exposure,the content of photosynthetic pigment and soluble protein in wheat leaves increased first and then decreased. This indicated that PS-MPs damaged the photosynthetic pathway of wheat leaves and inhibited protein synthesis. SOD activity decreased,and CAT decreased first and then increased,indicating that the possible mechanism of toxicity to wheat involves oxidative stress. The results provide a basis for the ecological risk assessment of microplastics in the soil environment.
The toxicological effects of microplastics in the soil environment have gradually attracted widespread attention,while less is known about the influence of microplastics on plants. The growth of wheat,photosynthetic pigment content,soluble protein content,and the antioxidant enzyme activities of leaves were investigated to explore the toxic effects of microplastics on wheat( Triticum aestivum). In this study,100 nm and 5 μm polystyrene microplastics( PS-MPs) were used for soil culture treatment combined with hydroponic growth. The results showed that in hydroponic experiment,high concentrations( 200 mg·L-1) of PS-MPs significantly inhibited the elongation of wheat roots and stems,and 5 μm PS-MPs showed a greater toxicity effect than 100 nm PS-MPs. Roots and stem length inhibition rates were 67. 15% and 56. 45%,respectively. In the soil culture tests,10 mg·kg-1 PS-MPs had the most significant effect on wheat growth. Within the test content range( 0-100 mg·kg-1),with an increase in PS-MPs exposure,the content of photosynthetic pigment and soluble protein in wheat leaves increased first and then decreased. This indicated that PS-MPs damaged the photosynthetic pathway of wheat leaves and inhibited protein synthesis. SOD activity decreased,and CAT decreased first and then increased,indicating that the possible mechanism of toxicity to wheat involves oxidative stress. The results provide a basis for the ecological risk assessment of microplastics in the soil environment.
引文
[1] Thompson R C,Olsen Y,Mitchell R P,et al. Lost at sea:where is all the plastic?[J]. Science,2004,304(5672):838-838.
[2] Qi Y L,Yang X M,Pelaez A M,et al. Macro-and microplastics in soil-plant system:Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat(Triticum aestivum)growth[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,645:1048-1056.
[3] Wright S L,Thompson R C,Galloway T S. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,178:483-492.
[4]周倩,田崇国,骆永明.滨海城市大气环境中发现多种微塑料及其沉降通量差异[J].科学通报,2017,62(33):3902-3909.Zhou Q,Tian C G,Luo Y M. Various forms and deposition fluxes of microplastics identified in the coastal urban atmosphere[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2017,62(33):3902-3909.
[5] Cai L Q, Wang J D, Peng J P, et al. Characteristic of microplastics in the atmospheric fallout from Dongguan city,China:preliminary research and first evidence[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(32):24928-24935.
[6] Free C M,Jensen O P,Mason S A,et al. High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large,remote,mountain lake[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,85(1):156-163.
[7] Wang W F,Ndungu A W,Li Z,et al. Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China:A case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,575:1369-1374.
[8] Claessens M,De Meester S,Van Landuyt L,et al. Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(10):2199-2204.
[9] Di M X,Wang J. Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,616-617:1620-1627.
[10] Rillig M C. Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil?[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(12):6453-6454.
[11] Zhang G S,Liu Y F. The distribution of microplastics in soil aggregate fractions in southwestern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,642:12-20.
[12] Li J N,Qu X Y,Su L,et al. Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2016,214:177-184.
[13] Jabeen K,Su L,Li J N,et al. Microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from coastal and fresh waters of China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017,221:141-149.
[14] Waring R H,Harris R M,Mitchell S C. Plastic contamination of the food chain:A threat to human health?[J]. Maturitas,2018,115:64-68.
[15] De SáL C,Oliveira M,Ribeiro F,et al. Studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms:What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future?[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,645:1029-1039.
[16] De Souza Machado A A,Kloas W,Zarfl C,et al. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Global Change Biology,2018,24(4):1405-1416.
[17] Jiang X F, Chen H, Liao Y C, et al. Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics on higher plant Vicia faba[J]. Environmental Pollution,2019,250:831-838.
[18] Ng E L,Lwanga E H,Eldridge S M,et al. An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,627:1377-1388.
[19]骆永明,周倩,章海波,等.重视土壤中微塑料污染研究防范生态与食物链风险[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(10):25-34.Luo Y M,Zhou Q,Zhang H B,et al. Pay attention to research on microplastic pollution in soil for prevention of ecological and food chain risks[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018,33(10):25-34.
[20] Scheurer M,Bigalke M. Microplastics in Swiss floodplain soils[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2018,52(6):3591-3598.
[21] Chae Y,An Y J. Current research trends on plastic pollution and ecological impacts on the soil ecosystem:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,240:387-395.
[22] Rillig M C,Bonkowski M. Microplastic and soil protists:A call for research[J]. Environmental Pollution,2018,241:1128-1131.
[23] Rodriguez-Seijo A,Loureno J,Rocha-Santos T A P,et al.Histopathological and molecular effects of microplastics in Eisenia andrei Bouché[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017,220:495-503.
[24] Cao D D,Wang X,Luo X X,et al. Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the fitness of earthworms in an agricultural soil[J]. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2017,61:012148.
[25] Zhu B K,Fang Y M,Zhu D,et al. Exposure to nanoplastics disturbs the gut microbiome in the soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus[J]. Environmental Pollution,2018,239:408-415.
[26] Zhu D,Chen Q L,An X L,et al. Exposure of soil collembolans to microplastics perturbs their gut microbiota and alters their isotopic composition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2018,116:302-310.
[27] Lambert S,Wagner M. Characterisation of nanoplastics during the degradation of polystyrene[J]. Chemosphere,2016,145:265-268.
[28] Rico C M,Majumdar S,Duarte-Gardea M,et al. Interaction of nanoparticles with edible plants and their possible implications in the food chain[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59(8):3485-3498.
[29]徐荣乐,海热提.塑料地膜对小麦种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2702-2707.Xu R L,Hai R T. Effects of plastic film on seed germination and the activities of antioxidant enzyme of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(11):2702-2707.
[30]陈忠林,关伟,胡刚,等.水培与土培离子液体[C2mim][Val]对小麦的影响[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,32(3):5-9.Chen Z L,Guan W,Hu G,et al. Effects of ILs[C2mim][Val]on wheat under two culture conditions[J]. Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2013,32(3):5-9.
[31]袁刚强,龚继来,曾光明.单壁碳纳米管材料对水稻幼苗的毒性效应[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4143-4149.Yuan G Q,Gong J L,Zeng G M. Phytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes to rice seedling(oryza sativa L)[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,35(12):4143-4149.
[32]李连祯,周倩,尹娜,等.食用蔬菜能吸收和积累微塑料[J].科学通报,2019,64(9):928-934.Li L Z,Zhou Q,Yin N,et al. Uptake and accumulation of microplastics in an edible plant[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2019,64(9):928-934.
[33] Kalˇc ikováG,Gotvajn A Z, Kladnik A, et al. Impact of polyethylene microbeads on the floating freshwater plant duckweed Lemna minor[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017,230:1108-1115.
[34]张传玲,江红生,李长江,等.纳米银与镉的复合毒性对拟南芥根系形态及叶片生理指标的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(5):1951-1960.Zhang C L,Jiang H S,Li C J,et al. Effects of Ag NPs and cadmium on root morphology and leaves physiological indexes of Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(5):1951-1960.
[35] Jiang H S,Yin L Y,Ren N N,et al. Silver nanoparticles induced reactive oxygen species via photosynthetic energy transport imbalance in an aquatic plant[J]. Nanotoxicology,2017,11(2):157-167.
[36] Zhang H,Yue M X,Zheng X K,et al. Physiological effects of single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on rice seedlings[J].IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience,2017,16(7):563-570.
[37] Weckx J E J,Clijsters H M M. Oxidative damage and defense mechanisms in primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris as a result of root assimilation of toxic amounts of copper[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,1996,96(3):506-512.
[38] Sairam R K,Kumutha D,Ezhilmathi K,et al. Physiology and biochemistry of waterlogging tolerance in plants[J]. Biologia Plantarum,2008,52(3):401-412.
[39] Zhao Q,Ma C X,White J C,et al. Quantitative evaluation of multi-wall carbon nanotube uptake by terrestrial plants[J].Carbon,2017,114:661-670.
[2] Qi Y L,Yang X M,Pelaez A M,et al. Macro-and microplastics in soil-plant system:Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat(Triticum aestivum)growth[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,645:1048-1056.
[3] Wright S L,Thompson R C,Galloway T S. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,178:483-492.
[4]周倩,田崇国,骆永明.滨海城市大气环境中发现多种微塑料及其沉降通量差异[J].科学通报,2017,62(33):3902-3909.Zhou Q,Tian C G,Luo Y M. Various forms and deposition fluxes of microplastics identified in the coastal urban atmosphere[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2017,62(33):3902-3909.
[5] Cai L Q, Wang J D, Peng J P, et al. Characteristic of microplastics in the atmospheric fallout from Dongguan city,China:preliminary research and first evidence[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(32):24928-24935.
[6] Free C M,Jensen O P,Mason S A,et al. High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large,remote,mountain lake[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,85(1):156-163.
[7] Wang W F,Ndungu A W,Li Z,et al. Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China:A case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,575:1369-1374.
[8] Claessens M,De Meester S,Van Landuyt L,et al. Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(10):2199-2204.
[9] Di M X,Wang J. Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,616-617:1620-1627.
[10] Rillig M C. Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil?[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(12):6453-6454.
[11] Zhang G S,Liu Y F. The distribution of microplastics in soil aggregate fractions in southwestern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,642:12-20.
[12] Li J N,Qu X Y,Su L,et al. Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2016,214:177-184.
[13] Jabeen K,Su L,Li J N,et al. Microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from coastal and fresh waters of China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017,221:141-149.
[14] Waring R H,Harris R M,Mitchell S C. Plastic contamination of the food chain:A threat to human health?[J]. Maturitas,2018,115:64-68.
[15] De SáL C,Oliveira M,Ribeiro F,et al. Studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms:What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future?[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,645:1029-1039.
[16] De Souza Machado A A,Kloas W,Zarfl C,et al. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Global Change Biology,2018,24(4):1405-1416.
[17] Jiang X F, Chen H, Liao Y C, et al. Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics on higher plant Vicia faba[J]. Environmental Pollution,2019,250:831-838.
[18] Ng E L,Lwanga E H,Eldridge S M,et al. An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,627:1377-1388.
[19]骆永明,周倩,章海波,等.重视土壤中微塑料污染研究防范生态与食物链风险[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(10):25-34.Luo Y M,Zhou Q,Zhang H B,et al. Pay attention to research on microplastic pollution in soil for prevention of ecological and food chain risks[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018,33(10):25-34.
[20] Scheurer M,Bigalke M. Microplastics in Swiss floodplain soils[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2018,52(6):3591-3598.
[21] Chae Y,An Y J. Current research trends on plastic pollution and ecological impacts on the soil ecosystem:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,240:387-395.
[22] Rillig M C,Bonkowski M. Microplastic and soil protists:A call for research[J]. Environmental Pollution,2018,241:1128-1131.
[23] Rodriguez-Seijo A,Loureno J,Rocha-Santos T A P,et al.Histopathological and molecular effects of microplastics in Eisenia andrei Bouché[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017,220:495-503.
[24] Cao D D,Wang X,Luo X X,et al. Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the fitness of earthworms in an agricultural soil[J]. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2017,61:012148.
[25] Zhu B K,Fang Y M,Zhu D,et al. Exposure to nanoplastics disturbs the gut microbiome in the soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus[J]. Environmental Pollution,2018,239:408-415.
[26] Zhu D,Chen Q L,An X L,et al. Exposure of soil collembolans to microplastics perturbs their gut microbiota and alters their isotopic composition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2018,116:302-310.
[27] Lambert S,Wagner M. Characterisation of nanoplastics during the degradation of polystyrene[J]. Chemosphere,2016,145:265-268.
[28] Rico C M,Majumdar S,Duarte-Gardea M,et al. Interaction of nanoparticles with edible plants and their possible implications in the food chain[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59(8):3485-3498.
[29]徐荣乐,海热提.塑料地膜对小麦种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2702-2707.Xu R L,Hai R T. Effects of plastic film on seed germination and the activities of antioxidant enzyme of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(11):2702-2707.
[30]陈忠林,关伟,胡刚,等.水培与土培离子液体[C2mim][Val]对小麦的影响[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,32(3):5-9.Chen Z L,Guan W,Hu G,et al. Effects of ILs[C2mim][Val]on wheat under two culture conditions[J]. Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2013,32(3):5-9.
[31]袁刚强,龚继来,曾光明.单壁碳纳米管材料对水稻幼苗的毒性效应[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4143-4149.Yuan G Q,Gong J L,Zeng G M. Phytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes to rice seedling(oryza sativa L)[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,35(12):4143-4149.
[32]李连祯,周倩,尹娜,等.食用蔬菜能吸收和积累微塑料[J].科学通报,2019,64(9):928-934.Li L Z,Zhou Q,Yin N,et al. Uptake and accumulation of microplastics in an edible plant[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2019,64(9):928-934.
[33] Kalˇc ikováG,Gotvajn A Z, Kladnik A, et al. Impact of polyethylene microbeads on the floating freshwater plant duckweed Lemna minor[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017,230:1108-1115.
[34]张传玲,江红生,李长江,等.纳米银与镉的复合毒性对拟南芥根系形态及叶片生理指标的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(5):1951-1960.Zhang C L,Jiang H S,Li C J,et al. Effects of Ag NPs and cadmium on root morphology and leaves physiological indexes of Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(5):1951-1960.
[35] Jiang H S,Yin L Y,Ren N N,et al. Silver nanoparticles induced reactive oxygen species via photosynthetic energy transport imbalance in an aquatic plant[J]. Nanotoxicology,2017,11(2):157-167.
[36] Zhang H,Yue M X,Zheng X K,et al. Physiological effects of single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on rice seedlings[J].IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience,2017,16(7):563-570.
[37] Weckx J E J,Clijsters H M M. Oxidative damage and defense mechanisms in primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris as a result of root assimilation of toxic amounts of copper[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,1996,96(3):506-512.
[38] Sairam R K,Kumutha D,Ezhilmathi K,et al. Physiology and biochemistry of waterlogging tolerance in plants[J]. Biologia Plantarum,2008,52(3):401-412.
[39] Zhao Q,Ma C X,White J C,et al. Quantitative evaluation of multi-wall carbon nanotube uptake by terrestrial plants[J].Carbon,2017,114:661-670.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |