遵义烟田土壤pH的空间分布与演变特征
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摘要
为了解遵义烟区土壤pH的空间分布及演变特征,2016—2017年在遵义11个植烟县区采集4816个土壤样本进行pH测定,并与第二次土壤普查数据及2000—2005年调研取样数据进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)2016—2017年遵义全市烟区土壤pH变幅为4.4～8.8,平均值为6.6,变异系数为14.72%,适宜植烟pH的土壤样本占比62.5%,偏碱范围的土壤样本占比20.5%,偏酸范围的占比17.0%;(2)11个植烟县区的烟田土壤pH均值介于6.2～7.4之间,不同县区烟田土壤pH间存在显著差异(p<0.05)且各等级分布频率差异明显,总体呈现南酸北碱的空间分布格局;(3)自第二次土壤普查以来,遵义烟区在最适宜pH区间的土壤比例不断减少;在较适宜区间的土壤比例也呈现波动下降趋势;而偏碱区间的土壤比例不断增加;在偏酸区的土壤比例整体呈波动式上升趋势。总体来看,遵义烟田土壤pH具有明显的时空异质性,后续要进一步开展其演变成因与调控对策研究。
In order to understand the spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of soil pH in Zunyi tobacco-growing areas,4816 soil samples were collected from 11 tobacco-growing counties in Zunyi for pH measurement in 2016-2017, and compared with the second soil survey data and the 2000-2005 survey data. The results showed that:(1) Soil pH in Zunyi tobacco areas varied from4.4 to 8.8 in 2016-2017, with an average value of 6.6 and a coefficient of variation of 14.72%. The soil samples suitable for tobacco-growing accounted for 62.5%, and the alkaline soil samples for tobacco-growing accounted for 20.5%, the proportion of acid soil samples was 17.0%;(2) The average soil pH values of 11 tobacco-growing counties ranged from 6.2 to 7.4. There were significant differences of soil pH among these counties(p<0.05) and the frequency of distribution of different soil pH grades was significantly different. The spatial distribution of soil pH showed a regional character with soils from Southern parts being acidic and from Northern parts being alkaline;(3) Since the second soil survey, the soil pH in Zunyi tobacco areas showed a decrease in the proportion of the most suitable soil pH for tobacco-growing; the proportion of suitable soil pH also showed a downward trend, while the proportion of soil in the alkaline range increased continuously and the proportion of the acid-biased soil in Zunyi tobacco areas generally increased volatility. As a whole the soil pH of Zunyi tobacco field has obvious spatial-temporal heterogeneity, and further research on its evolution causes and control strategies should be carried out in the future.
In order to understand the spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of soil pH in Zunyi tobacco-growing areas,4816 soil samples were collected from 11 tobacco-growing counties in Zunyi for pH measurement in 2016-2017, and compared with the second soil survey data and the 2000-2005 survey data. The results showed that:(1) Soil pH in Zunyi tobacco areas varied from4.4 to 8.8 in 2016-2017, with an average value of 6.6 and a coefficient of variation of 14.72%. The soil samples suitable for tobacco-growing accounted for 62.5%, and the alkaline soil samples for tobacco-growing accounted for 20.5%, the proportion of acid soil samples was 17.0%;(2) The average soil pH values of 11 tobacco-growing counties ranged from 6.2 to 7.4. There were significant differences of soil pH among these counties(p<0.05) and the frequency of distribution of different soil pH grades was significantly different. The spatial distribution of soil pH showed a regional character with soils from Southern parts being acidic and from Northern parts being alkaline;(3) Since the second soil survey, the soil pH in Zunyi tobacco areas showed a decrease in the proportion of the most suitable soil pH for tobacco-growing; the proportion of suitable soil pH also showed a downward trend, while the proportion of soil in the alkaline range increased continuously and the proportion of the acid-biased soil in Zunyi tobacco areas generally increased volatility. As a whole the soil pH of Zunyi tobacco field has obvious spatial-temporal heterogeneity, and further research on its evolution causes and control strategies should be carried out in the future.
引文
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[27]黄婷,周冀衡,李强,等.不同海拔高度植烟土壤pH值分布情况及其与土壤养分的关系--以云南省曲靖市为例[J].土壤通报,2015,46(1):105-110.HUANG T,ZHOU J H,LI Q et al.The Ph distribution and its relationship with soil nutrient at different altitudes-a case study of tobacco fields in Qujing,Yunnan province[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(1):105-110.
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[30]魏国胜,周恒,朱杰,等.土壤pH值对烟草根茎部病害的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011(1):140-143.WEI G S,ZHOU H,ZHU J,et al.Effects of soil p Hvalue on tobacco root and stem diseases[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2011(1):140-143.
[2]陈怀满,朱永官,董元华,等.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.CHEN H M,ZHU Y G,DONG Y H,et al.Environmental Soil Science[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[3]尹永强,何明雄,邓明军,等.土壤酸化对土壤养分及烟叶品质的影响及改良措施[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(1):51-54.YIN Y Q,HE M X,DENG M J et al.Effects of soil acidification on soil nutrients and quality of flue-cured tobacco and its countermeasures[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2008,29(1):51-54.
[4]TEPHENSON M G,PARKER M B.Manganese and soil pH effects on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science,1987,31:104.
[5]田冬,高明,徐畅.土壤水分和氮添加对3种质地紫色土氮矿化及土壤pH的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):255-261.TIAN D,GAO M,XU C.Effects of soil moisture and nitrogen addition on nitrogen mineralization and soil pHin purple soil of three different textures[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(1):255-261.
[6]刘琳,李伟,张吴平,等.钙镁泥对不同土壤pH及部分元素有效性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):287-291.LIU L,LI W,ZHANG W P,et al.Effects of calcium and magnesium muds on the pH and some available elements of different soils[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(6):287-291.
[7]于天仁.中国土壤的酸度特点和酸化问题[J].土壤通报,1988(2):49-51.YU T R.Soil acidity characteristics and acidification in China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1988(2):49-51.
[8]孟红旗.长期施肥农田的土壤酸化特征与机制研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2013.MENG H Q.Characteristics and mechanisms for soil acidification under long-term fertilization in Chinese croplands[D].Xianyang:Northwest A&F University,2013.
[9]周米良,邓小华,黎娟,等.湘西植烟土壤pH状况及空间分布研究[J].中国农学通报,2012(9):80-85.ZHOU M L,DENG X H,LI J,et al.Spatial distribution and pH condition of tobacco-growing soil in Xiangxi[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012(9):80-85.
[10]贵州省遵义市烤烟种植区划项目组.贵州省遵义市烤烟种植区划[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2015.Project Group of Flue-cured Tobacco Planting Regionalization in Zunyi City,Guizhou Province.Zoning of flue-cured tobacco planting in Zunyi City,Guizhou province[M].Guiyang:Guizhou People's Publishing House,2015.
[11]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.National Soil Census Office.Soil in China[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1988.
[12]田有国,辛景树,任意,等.NY/T 1121.2-2006土壤检测第2部分植烟土壤pH的测定[S].北京:农业部,2006:3-5.TIAN Y G,XIN J S,REN Y,et al.NY/T 1121.2-2006soil detection part 2 determination of soil pH for tobacco planting[S].Beijing:Ministry of Agriculture,2006:3-5.
[13]陈江华,刘建利,李志宏,等.中国植烟土壤及烟草养分综合管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.CHEN J H,LIU J L,LI Z H et al,Integrated management of tobacco soil and tobacco nutrients in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[14]田丽艳,郎赟超,刘丛强,等.贵州普定喀斯特坡地土壤剖面有机碳及其同位素组成[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9):2362-2367.TIAN L Y,LANG Y C,LIU C Q,et al.Distribution patterns of organic carbon and its isotope compositions in soil profiles on the slopes in Puding karst areas of Guizhou Province,Southwest China[J].Journal of Ecology,2013,32(9):2362-2367.
[15]许中坚,刘广深,俞佳栋.氮循环的人为干扰与土壤酸化[J].地质地球化学,2002(2):74-78.XU Z J,LIU G S,YU J D.Soil acidification and nitrogen cycle disturbed by man-made factors[J].Geologygeochemistry,2002(2):74-78.
[16]朱经伟,李志宏,彭友,等.整治烟田无机氮肥管理对烤烟氮素综合利用的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(1):126-132.ZHU J W,LI Z H,PENG Y,et al.Effects of inorganic nitrogen management on nitrogen use efficiency of tobacco in R enovated farmland[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(1):126-132.
[17]李宏光,赵正雄,杨勇,等.施肥量对烟田土壤氮素供应及烟叶产质量的影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007(4):37-42.LI H G,ZHAO Z X,YANG Y,et al.Effect of different fertilization rate on mineral nitrogen supply of soil leaf yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science).2007(4):37-42.
[18]ROBERT SAVE,CARME BIEL,RAFAEL DOMINGO,et al.Some Physiological and morphology char-acteristics of citrus Plants for drought resistance[J].Plant Science,1995,10:167-172.
[19]沈月,依艳丽.不同因素交互作用对棕壤硝态氮累积及pH值的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1174-1182.SHEN Y,YI Y L.Effects of interaction of different factors on nitrate nitrogen accumulation and pH of brown soil[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(5):1174-1182.
[20]周富忠.利川市耕地酸化的成因及治理措施研究[D].荆州:长江大学,2012.ZHOU F Z.Research on the formation of agrarian acidification in Lichuan country and its prevention[D].Jingzhou:Yangtze University,2012.
[21]杨昂,孙波,赵其国.中国酸雨的分布、成因及其对土壤环境的影响[J].土壤,1999(1):13-18.YANG A,SUN B,ZHAO Q G.Distribution and cause of acid rain and its impact on soil environment in China[J].Soil,1999(1):13-18.
[22]ADRIANO,DOMY C.Acidic precipitation[M].Springer Science﹠Business Media,1990.
[23]段浩,苏志先,李成柱,等.南充市酸雨的时空分布及其形成机制的初步探讨[J].中国环境监测,2008,24(3):79-83.DUAN H,SU Z X,LI C Z,et al.Research on the regional distribution and mechanism of acid rain in Nanchong[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2008,24(3):79-83.
[24]赵彩,于俊伟,李霄,等.遵义市酸雨特征研究[J].贵州气象.2009,33(3):16-19.ZHAO C,YU J W,LI X,et al.Study on the characteristics of acid rain in Zunyi city[J].Journal of Guizhou Meteorology.2009,33(3):16-19.
[25]涂帅.黔北电厂粉煤灰半刚性路面基层性能研究[D].重庆交通大学,2009.XU S.Research on the performance of semi-rigid road base with fly-ash from Qianbei power plant[D].Chongqing Jiaotong University,2009.
[26]邓小华,蔡兴,张明发,等.喀斯特地区湘西州植烟土壤pH分布特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):308-313.DENG X H,CAI X,ZHANG M F,et al.Distribution characteristics of tobacco-growing soil pH and its influencing factors in karst region of Xiangxi[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(6):308-313.
[27]黄婷,周冀衡,李强,等.不同海拔高度植烟土壤pH值分布情况及其与土壤养分的关系--以云南省曲靖市为例[J].土壤通报,2015,46(1):105-110.HUANG T,ZHOU J H,LI Q et al.The Ph distribution and its relationship with soil nutrient at different altitudes-a case study of tobacco fields in Qujing,Yunnan province[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(1):105-110.
[28]杨春文,赵宇,王新中,等.大理市植烟土壤pH分布特征及其与主要养分的关系[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(35):12474-12475,12488.YANG C W,ZHAO Y,WANG X Z,et al.Soil p Hdistribution and its correlation with soil nutrients of tobacco-growing area in Dali City[J].Journal of Anhui agricultural sciences,2014,42(35):12474-12475,12488.
[29]张东,扈强,刘新民,等.渝东南土壤pH值与烟叶主要元素相关性分析[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(16):18-22.ZHANG D,HU Q,LIU X M,et al.Correlation analysis of soil pH value and major elements in tobacco leaves in southeast Chongqing[J].Agricultural Science in Guangdong Province,2014,41(16):18-22.
[30]魏国胜,周恒,朱杰,等.土壤pH值对烟草根茎部病害的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011(1):140-143.WEI G S,ZHOU H,ZHU J,et al.Effects of soil p Hvalue on tobacco root and stem diseases[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2011(1):140-143.