响应面法优化光聚合CMCTS-g-CPAM及其污泥脱水性能
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摘要
以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCTS)为主链模板、丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为共聚单体,通过紫外光引发聚合法制备新型阳离子絮凝剂CMCTS-g-CPAM。采用响应曲面法(RSM)得到CMCTS-g-CPAM的最佳制备条件:光照时间为2h、光引发剂质量分数为0.04%、pH值为8。接枝共聚物CMCTS-g-CPAM的红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(~1H-NMR)表征表明AM、DMC和CMCTS已成功聚合。污泥脱水实验验证其具有良好的污泥脱水性能:在絮凝剂投加量和pH值分别为30mg/L和10时,污泥比阻(SRF)由9.10×10~(13) m/kg降至1.96×10~(13) m/kg,滤饼含水率(FCMC)从90.15%降至79.28%,其污泥脱水效果和经济效益均优于市售CPAM。同时,此研究在污泥脱水中的应用为污泥脱水领域的絮凝处理和改性壳聚糖提供了一定参考。
The novel cationic flocculant of CMCTS-g-CPAM was synthesized by polymerizing carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCTS),acrylamide(AM)and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(DMC)under ultraviolet(UV)radiation.The response surface method was adopted to obtain the optimum preparation conditions:illumination time 2 h,initiator mass fraction 0.04%,pH=8.FT-IR and ~1H-NMR of the graft copolymer indicated that AM,DMC and CMCTS have been successfully aggregated.Additionally,it can be verified by sludge dewatering test that it has good sludge dewatering performance:SRF decreased from 9.10×10~(13) m/kg to 1.96×10~(13) m/kg,and FCMC decreased from 90.15% to 79.28%,at the flocculant dosage and pH of 30 mg/L and 10,respectively.Sludge dewatering effect and economic benefits of CMCTS-g-CPAM are significantly precede to commercially available CPAM.Simultaneously,the research provides a reference for the flocculation treatment in the field of sludge dewatering and the application of chitosan modification in sludge dewatering.
The novel cationic flocculant of CMCTS-g-CPAM was synthesized by polymerizing carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCTS),acrylamide(AM)and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(DMC)under ultraviolet(UV)radiation.The response surface method was adopted to obtain the optimum preparation conditions:illumination time 2 h,initiator mass fraction 0.04%,pH=8.FT-IR and ~1H-NMR of the graft copolymer indicated that AM,DMC and CMCTS have been successfully aggregated.Additionally,it can be verified by sludge dewatering test that it has good sludge dewatering performance:SRF decreased from 9.10×10~(13) m/kg to 1.96×10~(13) m/kg,and FCMC decreased from 90.15% to 79.28%,at the flocculant dosage and pH of 30 mg/L and 10,respectively.Sludge dewatering effect and economic benefits of CMCTS-g-CPAM are significantly precede to commercially available CPAM.Simultaneously,the research provides a reference for the flocculation treatment in the field of sludge dewatering and the application of chitosan modification in sludge dewatering.
引文
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[21]郑蕾,田禹,孙德智,等.pH值对活性污泥胞外聚合物分子结构和表面特征影响研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1507-1511.ZHENG L,TIAN Y,SUN D Z,et al.Effects of pH on the surface characteristics and molecular structure of extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2007,28(7):1507-1511.(in Chinese)
[22]朱哲,李涛,王东升,等.pH对活性污泥表面特性和形态结构的影响[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(12):1599-1604.ZHU Z,LI T,WANG D S,et al.Effect of pH on surface properties and physical structure of activated sludge flocs[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,2(12):1599-1604.(in Chinese)
[23]苑宏英,王亭,祁丽,等.不同预处理方法对污泥脱水性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(8):4015-4020.YUAN H Y,WANG T,QI L,et al.Effects of different pretreatment methods on sludge dewatering performance[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(8):4015-4020.(in Chinese)
[24]LIIMATAINEN H,SIRVIO J,SUNDMAN O,et al.Flocculation performance of a cationic biopolymer derived from a cellulosic source in mild aqueous solution[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(20):9626-9632.
[25]LAURENTIN A,EDWARDS C A.A microtiter modification of the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric assay for glucose-based carbohydrates[J].Analytical Biochemistry,2003,315(1):143-145.
[26]赵璐,何婷,丁文欢,等.考马斯亮兰法(Bradford法)测定驼乳中蛋白质的含量[J].应用化工,2016,45(12):2366-2368,2372.ZHAO L,HE T,DING W H,et al.Determination of protein from camel milk by Bradford[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2016,45(12):2366-2368,2372.(in Chinese)
[27]LIU Y L,LI X,KANG X R,et al.Effect of extracellular polymeric substances disintegration by ultrasonic pretreatment on waste activated sludge acidification[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2015,102:131-136.
[2]崔玉波,郭智倩,刘颖慧,等.剩余污泥生态稳定化研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011(4):151-156.CUI Y B,GUO Z Q,LIU Y H,et al.Ecological stabilization for sewage sludge[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environment Engineering,2011(4):151-156.(in Chinese)
[3]WANG L P,LI A M,CHANG Y Z.Relationship between enhanced dewaterability and structural properties of hydrothermal sludge after hydrothermal treatment of excess sludge[J].Water Research,2017,112:72-82.
[4]XUE T,HUANG X.Releasing characteristics of phosphorus and other substances during thermal treatment of excess sludge[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(10):1153-1158.
[5]NITTAMI T,UEMATSU K,NABATAME R,et al.Effect of compressibility of synthetic fibers as conditioning materials on dewatering of activated sludge[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,268:86-91.
[6]陈悦佳,赵庆良,柳成才,等.冷冻温度对冻融污泥有机物变化的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(4):1-8.CHEN Y J,ZHAO Q L,LIU C C,et al.Effect of freezing temperature on freeze/thaw sludge organic matter transformation[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2015,47(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[7]RUENZ M,BAKURADZE T,EISENBRAND G,et al.Monitoring urinary mercapturic acids as biomarkers of human dietary exposure to acrylamide in combination with acrylamide uptake assessment based on duplicate diets[J].Archives of Toxicology,2016,90(4):873-881.
[8]ZEMMOURI H,MAMERI N,LOUNICI H.Chitosan use in chemical conditioning for dewatering municipalactivated sludge[J].Water Science and Technology,2015,71(6):810-816.
[9]YETILMEZSOY K,DEMIREL S,VANDERBEI R J.Response surface modeling of Pb(II)removal from aqueous solution by Pistacia vera L.:Box-Behnken experimental design[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,171(1/2/3):551-562.
[10]LIAO C C,CHUNG T W.Optimization of process conditions using response surface methodology for the microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha oil with KOH impregnated CaO as catalyst[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2013,91(12):2457-2464.
[11]NI B J,ZENG R J,FANG F,et al.Fractionating soluble microbial products in the activated sludge process[J].Water Research,2010,44(7):2292-2302.
[12]LIU B Z,ZHENG H L,DENG X R,et al.Formation of cationic hydrophobic micro-blocks in P(AM-DMC)by template assembly:characterization and application in sludge dewatering[J].RSC Advances,2017,7(10):6114-6122.
[13]LIAO Y,ZHENG X Y,ZHANG Z Q,et al.Ultrasound-assisted polymerization of P(AM-DMDAAC):Synthesis,characterization and sludge dewatering performance[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2017,5(6):5439-5447.
[14]LU X,XU Y H,SUN W Q,et al.UV-initiated synthesis of a novel chitosan-based flocculant with high flocculation efficiency for algal removal[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,609:410-418.
[15]XUE J Q,WANG Y J,DU Y W,et al.Synthesis and characterization of modified chitosan by graft polymerization[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,239/240/241/242:2843-2846.
[16]张正安,郑怀礼,黄飞,等.紫外光引发模板聚合阳离子聚丙烯酰胺及其污泥脱水应用[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(8):2480-2485.ZHANG Z A,ZHENG H L,HUANG F,et al.Ultraviolet-initiated template polymerization of cationic polyacrylamide and its sludge dewatering performance[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2017,37(8):2480-2485.(in Chinese)
[17]LI X,ZHENG H L,WANG Y L,et al.Fabricating an enhanced sterilization chitosan-based flocculants:Synthesis,characterization,evaluation of sterilization and flocculation[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,319:119-130.
[18]WANG J P,CHEN Y Z,YUAN S J,et al.Synthesis and characterization of a novel cationic chitosan-based flocculant with a high water-solubility for pulp mill wastewater treatment[J].Water Research,2009,43(20):5267-5275.
[19]LU Y B,SHANG Y B,HUANG X,et al.Preparation of strong cationic chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide flocculants and their flocculating properties[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2011,50(12):7141-7149.
[20]YOU L J,LU F F,LI D,et al.Preparation and flocculation properties of cationic starch/chitosan crosslinking-copolymer[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,172(1):38-45.
[21]郑蕾,田禹,孙德智,等.pH值对活性污泥胞外聚合物分子结构和表面特征影响研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1507-1511.ZHENG L,TIAN Y,SUN D Z,et al.Effects of pH on the surface characteristics and molecular structure of extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2007,28(7):1507-1511.(in Chinese)
[22]朱哲,李涛,王东升,等.pH对活性污泥表面特性和形态结构的影响[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(12):1599-1604.ZHU Z,LI T,WANG D S,et al.Effect of pH on surface properties and physical structure of activated sludge flocs[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,2(12):1599-1604.(in Chinese)
[23]苑宏英,王亭,祁丽,等.不同预处理方法对污泥脱水性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(8):4015-4020.YUAN H Y,WANG T,QI L,et al.Effects of different pretreatment methods on sludge dewatering performance[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(8):4015-4020.(in Chinese)
[24]LIIMATAINEN H,SIRVIO J,SUNDMAN O,et al.Flocculation performance of a cationic biopolymer derived from a cellulosic source in mild aqueous solution[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(20):9626-9632.
[25]LAURENTIN A,EDWARDS C A.A microtiter modification of the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric assay for glucose-based carbohydrates[J].Analytical Biochemistry,2003,315(1):143-145.
[26]赵璐,何婷,丁文欢,等.考马斯亮兰法(Bradford法)测定驼乳中蛋白质的含量[J].应用化工,2016,45(12):2366-2368,2372.ZHAO L,HE T,DING W H,et al.Determination of protein from camel milk by Bradford[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2016,45(12):2366-2368,2372.(in Chinese)
[27]LIU Y L,LI X,KANG X R,et al.Effect of extracellular polymeric substances disintegration by ultrasonic pretreatment on waste activated sludge acidification[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2015,102:131-136.
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