以体力活动多样性为导向的城市绿地空间设计优化策略
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摘要
城市绿地空间为居民提供多种体力活动的可能,有利于提升公共健康水平,因此有必要明确影响体力活动多样性的城市绿地空间设计要素。选取上海市中心城区2个城市公园作为研究案例,划定案例中特定尺度的多个绿地空间单元进行实地观察记录,获得在此空间单元中的活动情况数据;进而定量分析体力活动多样性与绿地空间设计要素之间的相关性。对影响体力活动多样性的场地特征和植被特征进行识别,并基于此探讨城市绿地空间优化设计策略。
Urban green space provides residents the opportunities of a variety of physical activities, which is beneficial for improving public health. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the spatial design factors of urban green space that affect the diversity of physical activity(PA). In this paper, two urban parks in the central district of Shanghai are selected as research cases, and multiple green space units at specific scales in the cases are defined to conduct onsite observation to obtain activity data in each spatial unit. Then, it quantitatively analyzes the correlation between the diversity of PA and the spatial design factors of urban green space. Eventually, this paper identifies the site characteristics and vegetation characteristics that affect the diversity of PA, and explores the design strategies of optimizing urban green space based on the results.
Urban green space provides residents the opportunities of a variety of physical activities, which is beneficial for improving public health. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the spatial design factors of urban green space that affect the diversity of physical activity(PA). In this paper, two urban parks in the central district of Shanghai are selected as research cases, and multiple green space units at specific scales in the cases are defined to conduct onsite observation to obtain activity data in each spatial unit. Then, it quantitatively analyzes the correlation between the diversity of PA and the spatial design factors of urban green space. Eventually, this paper identifies the site characteristics and vegetation characteristics that affect the diversity of PA, and explores the design strategies of optimizing urban green space based on the results.
引文
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[13]刘滨谊,姜允芳.中国城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系的研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2002(2):27-29.
[14]Rodiek S.A New Tool for Evaluating Senior Living Environment[J].Seniors Housing&Care Journal,2008(16):3-9.
[15]Lindal P J,Hartig T.Effects of urban street vegetation on judgments of restoration likelihood[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Green,2015,14(2):200-209.
[16]Tsai W L,Floyd M F,Leung Y F,et al.Urban vegetative cover fragmentation in the U.S.:Associations with physical activity and BMI[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2015,50(4):509-517.
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[18]Cohen D A,Sehgal A,Williamson S,et al.Park Use and Physical Activity in a Sample of Public Parks in the City of Los Angeles[M].Santa Monica,CA:RAND Corporation,2006.
[19](日)芦原义信.外部空间设计[M].尹培桐,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1985.
[20]张晓瑞,程志刚,白艳.空间句法研究进展与展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(3):82-87.
[21]刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.
[22]杨刚,王勇,许洁,等.城市公园生境类型对鸟类群落的影响[J].生态学报,2015(12):4186-4195.
[23]肖希,韦怡凯,李敏.日本城市绿视率计量方法与评价应用[J].国际城市规划,2018,33(2):98-103.
[24]郄光发,房城,王成,等.森林保健生理与心理研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2011,24(3):37-41.
[25]王敏,彭唤雨.高密度城市绿色空间发展的新诠释[J].园林,2018(1):28-33.
[26]青木阳二.視野の広がりと緑量感の関連[J].造园杂志,1987,51(1):1-10.
[27]京都市.京都市緑の基本計画[EB/OL].(2010-03-24)[2018-09-24].http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/kensetu/page/0000077122.html.
[28]车生泉,郑丽蓉.环境心理学在园林植物配置中的应用(二)[J].园林,2004(5):22-23.
[29]黄思骐,陈嘉年,闵杰君.基于环境心理学视角的绿地效用值评估研究[J].中外建筑,2018(6):119-124.
(1)来源:http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/en/。
[2]Jackson L E.The Relationship of Urban Design to Human Health and Condition[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,64(4):191-200.
[3]Warburton D E,Charlesworth S,Ivey A,et al.Asystematic review of the evidence for Canada's physical activity guidelines for adults[J].Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act,2010,7(1):39.
[4]Ng S W,Popkin B M.Time use and physical activity:a shift away from movement across the globe[J].Obesity Review,2012,13(8):659-680.
[5]Popkin B M,Kim S,Rusev E R,et al.Measuring the full economic costs of diet,physical activity and obesity-related chronic diseases[J].Obes Rev,2006,7(3):271-293.
[6]Janssen I,Rosu A.Undeveloped green space and free-time physical activity in 11 to 13-yearold children[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2015,12(1):1-7.
[7]Suminski R R,Poston W C,Market P,et al.Meteorological conditions are associated with physical activities performed in open-air settings[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2008,52(3):189-197.
[8]Koohsari M J,Mavoa S,Villanueva K,et al.Public open space,physical activity,urban design and public health:Concepts,methods and research agenda[J].Health&Place,2015,33:75-82.
[9]Gilescorti B,Broomhall M H,Knuiman M,et al.Increasing walking:how important is distance to,attractiveness,and size of public open space?[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2005,28(2):169-176.
[10]Besenyi G M,Kaczynski A T,Stanis S A W,et al.Planning for health:A community-based spatial analysis of park availability and chronic disease across the lifespan[J].Health&Place,2014,27:102-105.
[11]应桃园,应君.城市公园建成环境对居民体力活动的影响:以杭州市为例[J].山东林业科技,2016,46(2):47-50.
[12]李昕阳,洪再生,袁逸倩,等.城市老人、儿童适宜性社区公共空间研究[J].城市发展研究,2015,22(5):104-111.
[13]刘滨谊,姜允芳.中国城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系的研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2002(2):27-29.
[14]Rodiek S.A New Tool for Evaluating Senior Living Environment[J].Seniors Housing&Care Journal,2008(16):3-9.
[15]Lindal P J,Hartig T.Effects of urban street vegetation on judgments of restoration likelihood[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Green,2015,14(2):200-209.
[16]Tsai W L,Floyd M F,Leung Y F,et al.Urban vegetative cover fragmentation in the U.S.:Associations with physical activity and BMI[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2015,50(4):509-517.
[17]Schipperijn J,Bentsen P,Troelsen J,et al.Associations between physical activity and characteristics of urban green space[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2013,12(1):109-116.
[18]Cohen D A,Sehgal A,Williamson S,et al.Park Use and Physical Activity in a Sample of Public Parks in the City of Los Angeles[M].Santa Monica,CA:RAND Corporation,2006.
[19](日)芦原义信.外部空间设计[M].尹培桐,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1985.
[20]张晓瑞,程志刚,白艳.空间句法研究进展与展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(3):82-87.
[21]刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.
[22]杨刚,王勇,许洁,等.城市公园生境类型对鸟类群落的影响[J].生态学报,2015(12):4186-4195.
[23]肖希,韦怡凯,李敏.日本城市绿视率计量方法与评价应用[J].国际城市规划,2018,33(2):98-103.
[24]郄光发,房城,王成,等.森林保健生理与心理研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2011,24(3):37-41.
[25]王敏,彭唤雨.高密度城市绿色空间发展的新诠释[J].园林,2018(1):28-33.
[26]青木阳二.視野の広がりと緑量感の関連[J].造园杂志,1987,51(1):1-10.
[27]京都市.京都市緑の基本計画[EB/OL].(2010-03-24)[2018-09-24].http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/kensetu/page/0000077122.html.
[28]车生泉,郑丽蓉.环境心理学在园林植物配置中的应用(二)[J].园林,2004(5):22-23.
[29]黄思骐,陈嘉年,闵杰君.基于环境心理学视角的绿地效用值评估研究[J].中外建筑,2018(6):119-124.
(1)来源:http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/en/。