典型高原湖泊流域生态安全格局构建——以杞麓湖流域为例
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摘要
以"源"和生态环境保护为目标,引用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)对杞麓湖流域生态安全格局进行定量研究.结果表明:杞麓湖流域平均生态安全指数为2.59,生态安全以较低安全为主,占流域总面积的36.33%,中度安全和不安全次之,分别占流域总面积的23.36%和22.53%,高度安全面积最少,仅占17.77%.较低安全区主要分布在西北部、东南部和西南部,应加强对这些地区的生态环境保护建设.此外,以天然林地、重要水库和湖泊缓冲区100m以内区域作为生态源,选取坡度、海拔、植被覆盖度、土地覆盖类型、距水体距离、距建设用地距离、距居民点距离、距道路距离等8个阻力因子,结合MCR模型与GIS的cost-distance分析模块,生成最小累积耗费距离表面,划分5个阻力等级;依据累积阻力值频率变化特点及生态服务功能,确定了生态缓冲区、生态过渡区、生态边缘区、农业耕作区和人类活动区共5个生态功能区.杞麓湖流域生态源总面积为126.87km~2,占流域总面积的35.74%,生态源在面积、数量和空间分布上都存在较大的差异,呈四周连片集中,中部分散破碎的分布格局,生态廊道呈四周连续紧凑,中部分散破碎的空间格局.生态节点的空间阻力值存在较大差异,部分生态节点累积阻力比较大,位于流域景观累计阻力值最大区,对生态流的流通安全性具有较大影响.基于最小累积阻力面,结合GIS的Hydrology模块,构建了由生态源与19个生态节点、23条生态廊道共同组成的具有结构性的流域景观生态安全格局,并提出了相应的建议,对高原湖泊流域研究及生态环境保护具有一定的参考价值.
With the goal of "source" and environment protection, the minimum accumulated resistance model(MCR) was used toquantitatively study the ecological security pattern in the Qilu lake basin. The results showed that: The average eco-safety index ofthe Qilu Basin was 2.59 and the ecological safety was mainly dominated by a lower degree of safety,accounting for 36.33% of thetotal area of the basin; Then it is followed by the levels of moderate safety and insecurity, accounting for 23.36% and 22.53% of thetotal basin area, respectively; the safest area was the smallest, accounting for only 17.77% of the total basin area; the lower safetyzones were mainly distributed in the northwest, southeast and southwest, and ecological protection construction in these areas shouldbe strengthened; Regarding as the ecological source, the slope, elevation, vegetation coverage, land cover type, distance from waterbody, distance from construction land, distance from residential area, distance from road were selected as indexes. The ecologicalsource which was the area of the natural forest land, important reservoir and lake buffer within 100 m. These factors combined withthe MCR model and the cost-distance analysis module of GIS, generated the minimum cumulative distance of consumption surfaceand it was divided into five levels; based on the characteristics of the frequency of cumulative resistance changes, five ecologicalfunctional zones were identified: ecological buffer zone, ecological transition zone, ecological marginal zone, agricultural cultivationzone and human activity zone. The total area of ecological resources in the Qilu Lake basin was 126.87 km~2, accounting for 35.74%of the total area of the basin. Ecological sources have large differences in area, number, and spatial distribution. The spatialdistribution pattern of ecological sources was concentrated around the corners but scattered in the middle. The ecological corridor iscontinuous and compact, with a scattered and fragmented space in the middle. There was a big difference in the spatial resistancevalues of ecological nodes, and some ecological nodes have a relatively large accumulated resistance. Those nodes are located in thearea which had the largest basin's landscape cumulative resistance value and have a great influence on the flow security of ecologicalflows. Based on the minimum cumulative resistance surface, combined with the Hydrology module of GIS, a structured watershedlandscape ecological security pattern was constructed with an ecological source, 19 ecological nodes, and 23 ecological corridors.Moreover corresponding suggestions were put forward. It has a certain reference value for the study of plateau lake basins andecological environment protection.
With the goal of "source" and environment protection, the minimum accumulated resistance model(MCR) was used toquantitatively study the ecological security pattern in the Qilu lake basin. The results showed that: The average eco-safety index ofthe Qilu Basin was 2.59 and the ecological safety was mainly dominated by a lower degree of safety,accounting for 36.33% of thetotal area of the basin; Then it is followed by the levels of moderate safety and insecurity, accounting for 23.36% and 22.53% of thetotal basin area, respectively; the safest area was the smallest, accounting for only 17.77% of the total basin area; the lower safetyzones were mainly distributed in the northwest, southeast and southwest, and ecological protection construction in these areas shouldbe strengthened; Regarding as the ecological source, the slope, elevation, vegetation coverage, land cover type, distance from waterbody, distance from construction land, distance from residential area, distance from road were selected as indexes. The ecologicalsource which was the area of the natural forest land, important reservoir and lake buffer within 100 m. These factors combined withthe MCR model and the cost-distance analysis module of GIS, generated the minimum cumulative distance of consumption surfaceand it was divided into five levels; based on the characteristics of the frequency of cumulative resistance changes, five ecologicalfunctional zones were identified: ecological buffer zone, ecological transition zone, ecological marginal zone, agricultural cultivationzone and human activity zone. The total area of ecological resources in the Qilu Lake basin was 126.87 km~2, accounting for 35.74%of the total area of the basin. Ecological sources have large differences in area, number, and spatial distribution. The spatialdistribution pattern of ecological sources was concentrated around the corners but scattered in the middle. The ecological corridor iscontinuous and compact, with a scattered and fragmented space in the middle. There was a big difference in the spatial resistancevalues of ecological nodes, and some ecological nodes have a relatively large accumulated resistance. Those nodes are located in thearea which had the largest basin's landscape cumulative resistance value and have a great influence on the flow security of ecologicalflows. Based on the minimum cumulative resistance surface, combined with the Hydrology module of GIS, a structured watershedlandscape ecological security pattern was constructed with an ecological source, 19 ecological nodes, and 23 ecological corridors.Moreover corresponding suggestions were put forward. It has a certain reference value for the study of plateau lake basins andecological environment protection.
引文
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