南水北调中线汉中市水源地景观生态风险评价与特征
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摘要
汉中市是国家级重点生态功能区、生物多样性保护关键区、南水北调中线工程核心水源涵养区和主要水源地,生态地位显著,对该区进行生态环境及风险研究意义重大。选取汉中市2007年、2011年和2017年3期遥感影像数据,综合运用景观生态学和地统计学基本原理与方法,利用RS和GIS空间信息技术,通过构建汉中市景观生态风险指数,对汉中市近十年景观生态风险时空变化特征进行了系统分析。结果表明:(1)研究区以林地和建设用地面积持续增加,耕地稳定减少为主要变化特征;林地和建设用地分别增加426.71,215.48 km~2,耕地减少539.33 km~2;(2)研究区林地优势度最为明显,研究期末达0.73;建设用地优势度增幅最快,10年增加了0.10;全区景观格局破碎化趋势明显;(3)研究区生态风险呈明显的倒"r"型分布。10年间,中高山区原有的集中连片低风险格局被打破;低山丘陵区生态修复工作成效显著,生态风险显著降低;(4)汉中市景观生态风险存在较强的空间正相关关系,但"高—高"和"低—低"风险聚集区分布范围逐渐缩小。
Hanzhong City is a national key ecological function zone, a key area for biodiversity conservation, a core water source conservation area of the Middle Line of South-to-North Water Diversion Project and a major water source. The ecological status of Hanzhong City is prominent, so it is significant to evaluate the ecological environment and its risk of this area. Selecting remote sensing image data of Hanzhong City in 2007, 2011 and 2017, we use the basic principles and methods of landscape ecology and geostatistics, and using RS and GIS spatial information technology to construct landscape ecological risk index of Hanzhong City. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of landscape ecological risk of Hanzhong City in the past ten years were systematically analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the areas of forest land and construction land in the study area increased continually, and the area of cultivated land was decereasing; the forest land and construction land increased by 426.71 and 215.48 km~2, respectively, and the cultivated land decreased by 539.33 km~2 for farmland;(2) the dominant degree of forest land in the study area was the most obvious, and the most rapid increase of the dominant degree was construction land; the fragmentation trend of the landscape pattern in the whole area was obvious;(3) the ecological risk of the study area showed an obvious inverted ‘r' type distribution; in the past 10 years, the ecological risk of the original concentrated low-risk areas in the middle and high mountainous areas was intensified; the ecological restoration work in the low hilly areas was remarkable and the areas had low ecological risk;(4) there was a strong positive correlation between landscape ecological risk and the spaces in Hanzhong City, but the distribution ranges of ‘high-high' risk clusters and ‘low-low' risk clusters were gradually narrowing.
Hanzhong City is a national key ecological function zone, a key area for biodiversity conservation, a core water source conservation area of the Middle Line of South-to-North Water Diversion Project and a major water source. The ecological status of Hanzhong City is prominent, so it is significant to evaluate the ecological environment and its risk of this area. Selecting remote sensing image data of Hanzhong City in 2007, 2011 and 2017, we use the basic principles and methods of landscape ecology and geostatistics, and using RS and GIS spatial information technology to construct landscape ecological risk index of Hanzhong City. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of landscape ecological risk of Hanzhong City in the past ten years were systematically analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the areas of forest land and construction land in the study area increased continually, and the area of cultivated land was decereasing; the forest land and construction land increased by 426.71 and 215.48 km~2, respectively, and the cultivated land decreased by 539.33 km~2 for farmland;(2) the dominant degree of forest land in the study area was the most obvious, and the most rapid increase of the dominant degree was construction land; the fragmentation trend of the landscape pattern in the whole area was obvious;(3) the ecological risk of the study area showed an obvious inverted ‘r' type distribution; in the past 10 years, the ecological risk of the original concentrated low-risk areas in the middle and high mountainous areas was intensified; the ecological restoration work in the low hilly areas was remarkable and the areas had low ecological risk;(4) there was a strong positive correlation between landscape ecological risk and the spaces in Hanzhong City, but the distribution ranges of ‘high-high' risk clusters and ‘low-low' risk clusters were gradually narrowing.
引文
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[15] 徐玉霞.陕南秦巴山地退耕还林工程综合效益评价[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(28):104-110.
[16] 周汝佳,张永战,何华春.基于土地利用变化的盐城海岸带生态风险评价[J].地理研究,2016,35(6):1017-1028.
[17] 康璇,王雪梅.基于景观格局的新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲的生态风险评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(8):139-156.
[18] 韩晓佳,刘小鹏,王亚娟,等.基于景观格局的干旱区绿洲生态风险评价与管理[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):285-290.
[19] 谢花林.基于景观结构和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):5020-5026.
[20] 公云龙,张绍良,章兰兰.城市地价空间自相关分析:以宿州市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1908-1911.
[21] 李小燕,任志远,张翀.汉江流域NDVI与水热指数时空变化及相关性分析[J].地理研究,2013,32(9):1623-1634.
[22] 马乃喜,周文涛,孙纲.陕西汉江流域的生态环境问题及其对丹江口水库的影响[J].陕西环境,2003,10(6):1-3.
[23] 赵佐平,闫莎,同延安,等.汉江流域上游生态环境现状及治理措施[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):32-36,60.
[2] 彭建,党威雄,刘焱序,等.景观生态风险评价研究进展与展望[J].地理学报,2015,70(4):665-679.
[3] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[4] 阳文锐,王如松,黄锦楼,等.生态风险评价研究及进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1869-1876.
[5] Suter G W.Endpoints for regional ecological risk assessments[J].Environmental Management,1990,14(1):9-23.
[6] Landis W G.Twenty years before and hence;ecological risk assessment at multiple scales with multiple stressors and multiple endpoints[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2003,9(5):1317-1326.
[7] Adams S M,Bevelhimer M S,Greeley M S,et al.Ecological risk assessment in a large river-reservoir:6.Bioindicators of fish population health[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1999,18(4):628-640.
[8] Changqing Z,Bin D,Liping L,et al.Study on ecological risk assessment for land-use of wetland based on different scale[J].Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing,2015,44(5):1-8.
[9] 王志杰,苏嫄.南水北调中线水源地生态脆弱性评价与特征分析[J].生态学报,2018,38(2):1-12.
[10] 张莹,雷国平,林佳,等.扎龙自然保护区不同空间尺度景观格局时空变化及其生态风险[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(5):1250-1256.
[11] 高宾,李小玉,李志刚,等.基于景观格局的锦州湾沿海经济开发区生态风险分析[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3441-3450.
[12] 段晓艳,胡业翠.基于景观类型的北京市生态风险时空特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(29):82-89.
[13] 张学斌,石培基,罗君,等.基于景观格局的干旱内陆河流域生态风险分析:以石羊河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(3):410-419.
[14] 李小燕,王志杰.汉江源土壤流失状况及生态效益测评[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,25(4):672-680.
[15] 徐玉霞.陕南秦巴山地退耕还林工程综合效益评价[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(28):104-110.
[16] 周汝佳,张永战,何华春.基于土地利用变化的盐城海岸带生态风险评价[J].地理研究,2016,35(6):1017-1028.
[17] 康璇,王雪梅.基于景观格局的新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲的生态风险评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(8):139-156.
[18] 韩晓佳,刘小鹏,王亚娟,等.基于景观格局的干旱区绿洲生态风险评价与管理[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):285-290.
[19] 谢花林.基于景观结构和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):5020-5026.
[20] 公云龙,张绍良,章兰兰.城市地价空间自相关分析:以宿州市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1908-1911.
[21] 李小燕,任志远,张翀.汉江流域NDVI与水热指数时空变化及相关性分析[J].地理研究,2013,32(9):1623-1634.
[22] 马乃喜,周文涛,孙纲.陕西汉江流域的生态环境问题及其对丹江口水库的影响[J].陕西环境,2003,10(6):1-3.
[23] 赵佐平,闫莎,同延安,等.汉江流域上游生态环境现状及治理措施[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):32-36,60.
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