城市绿地生态系统服务价值估算及功能评价——以南京市为例
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摘要
城市绿地作为城市复合生态系统的重要组成部分,拥有巨大的生态系统服务价值,对改善城市环境、促进人体健康、维持生态稳定具有重要作用。以南京市为例,在统计该市绿地面积的基础上,根据生态经济学原理和方法,对该市2006—2015各年度的城市绿地生态系统服务价值进行了估算,并采用全排列多边形图示法对该市绿地生态系统服务功能进行评价。结果表明:(1)就南京市绿地系统的生态服务总价值而言,2006—2015年该市绿地系统的生态服务总价值总体呈上升趋势,由2006年的125.2144亿元上涨到2015年的164.3537亿元,净增加了约39.1392亿元,表明该市绿地系统的生态服务价值巨大,且随时间的推移不断增值。(2)就南京市绿地系统的生态服务价值构成而言,该市绿地系统各项生态服务价值历年均值由大到小依次为:降温(调节气温)>涵养水源>释氧>固碳>减噪>滞尘>吸收氮氧化物>吸收二氧化硫。(3)就南京市绿地系统的生态服务功能而言,该市绿地系统的生态服务功能由弱变强,不断改善。通过本文研究,可为该市绿地系统的科学规划提供理论依据。
Urban green space plays an important role in urban compound ecological system, having great value of ecosystem services, beneficial to improving the urban environment, promoting human health and maintaining ecological stability. Based on the statistics of the city green space area, this paper taking Nanjing as an example, estimated the value of ecosystem services of urban green space from 2006 to 2015 according to the principle and the methods of ecological economics, and used the method of entire-array-polygon diagram to evaluate the function of the ecosystem services of urban green space. The results show that:(1) In terms of the total ecological service value of Nanjing green space, from 2006 to 2015, the total ecological service value of Nanjing green space was on the rise in general, rising from 12.52144 billion yuan(2006) to 16.43537 billion yuan(2015), and net value increased about 3.91392 billion yuan, showing that the ecological service value of Nanjing green space was very high and on the rise over time.(2) In terms of the composition of ecological service value of Nanjing green space, average of various ecological service values were arranged as cooling(temperature reduction)>water conservation>oxygen releasing>carbon sequestration>noise reduction>dust detention> Nox absorption>SO_2 absorption.(3) In terms of the function of ecological service of Nanjing green space, the function of ecological service of Nanjing green space experienced the changing process from weak to strong, and the function gradually got better. Through this study, we can provide the theoretical basis for the scientific planning of the city green space system.
Urban green space plays an important role in urban compound ecological system, having great value of ecosystem services, beneficial to improving the urban environment, promoting human health and maintaining ecological stability. Based on the statistics of the city green space area, this paper taking Nanjing as an example, estimated the value of ecosystem services of urban green space from 2006 to 2015 according to the principle and the methods of ecological economics, and used the method of entire-array-polygon diagram to evaluate the function of the ecosystem services of urban green space. The results show that:(1) In terms of the total ecological service value of Nanjing green space, from 2006 to 2015, the total ecological service value of Nanjing green space was on the rise in general, rising from 12.52144 billion yuan(2006) to 16.43537 billion yuan(2015), and net value increased about 3.91392 billion yuan, showing that the ecological service value of Nanjing green space was very high and on the rise over time.(2) In terms of the composition of ecological service value of Nanjing green space, average of various ecological service values were arranged as cooling(temperature reduction)>water conservation>oxygen releasing>carbon sequestration>noise reduction>dust detention> Nox absorption>SO_2 absorption.(3) In terms of the function of ecological service of Nanjing green space, the function of ecological service of Nanjing green space experienced the changing process from weak to strong, and the function gradually got better. Through this study, we can provide the theoretical basis for the scientific planning of the city green space system.
引文
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[20]张路路,郑新奇,原智远,等.基于全排列多边形综合图示法的唐山市土地利用多功能性评价[J].中国土地科学,2016, 30(06):23–32.
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[22]周伟,曹银贵,乔陆印.基于全排列多边形图示指标法的西宁市土地集约利用评价[J].中国土地科学, 2012,26(04):84–90.
[23]程龙,董捷.基于全排列多边形综合图示指标法的武汉城市圈土地集约利用评价[J].水土保持研究, 2014, 21(1):183–187.
[24]张禾裕,张建勇,陈亚凯,等.基于GIS与全排列多边形的长沙市土地节约集约利用评价[J].湖北农业科学,2016, 55(8):1943–1948.
[25]余光英,员开奇.基于两型社会建设的武汉城市圈土地可持续利用评价[J].国土资源科技管理, 2013, 30(5):46–52.
[26] 2007-2015年南京市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社.
[27] 2007-2016年江苏省统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社.
[28]国家林业局.森林生态系统服务功能评估规范(LY/T1721-2008)[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 2008.
[29]毛文永,自选宏,李忠.资源环境常用数据手册[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1992.
[30]王驷鹞,刘振波.江苏省植被净初级生产力时空分布格局研究[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,4(4):321–325.
[31]彭建,王仰麟,陈燕飞,等.城市生态系统服务功能价值评估初探——以深圳市为例[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版, 2005, 41(4):594–604.
[32]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报, 1999, 19(5):607–613.
[33]王如松,胡聃,王祥荣,等.城市生态服务[M].北京:气象出版社, 2004.
[34]肖滋民,王立华,郝亮,等.潍坊市城市绿地生态系统环境净化服务价值研究[J].湖北农业科学, 2011, 50(19):3929–3933.
[35]吴琼,王如松,李宏卿.生态城市指标体系与评价方法[J].生态学报, 2005, 25(8):2090–2095.
[36]龚艳冰,张继国,梁雪春.基于全排列多边形综合图示法的水质评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(9):26–31.
[37]乔艳丽,王振兴,王烨.全排列多边形图示指标法区域能效评价[J].煤气与热力, 2015, 35(4):24–29.
[38]李锋,王如松.城市绿地系统的生态服务功能评价、规划与预测研究——以扬州市为例[J].生态学报, 2003, 23(9):1929–1936.
[2]段彦博,雷雅凯,吴宝军,彭丹丹,田国行.郑州市绿地系统生态服务价值评价及动态研究[J].生态科学, 2016,35(2):81–88.
[3]赵煜,赵千钧,崔胜辉,等.城市森林生态服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报, 2009, 29(12):6723–6732.
[4]胡小飞,傅春.南昌城市绿地系统生态调节服务功能价值动态分析[J].江西农业大学学报, 2014, 36(1):230–237.
[5] HOLDEN J P, EHRLICH P R. Human population and the global environment[J]. American Scientist, 1974, 62(3):282–297.
[6] DAILY G C. Nature’s service:societal dependence on natural ecosystems[M]. Washington DC:Island Press, 1997.
[7] COSTANZA R, ARGE R D, GROOT R D, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature, 1997, 387(6630):253–260.
[8]荆克晶,鞠美庭.对长春市绿地生态系统服务价值的探讨分析[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 35(6):13–17.
[9] MCPHERSON E G. Accounting for benefits and costs of urban greenspace[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning, 1992,22(1):41–51.
[10] ZOULIA I, SANTAMOURIS M, DIMOUDI A. Monitoring the effect of urban green areas on the heat island in Athens[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009, 156(1-4):275–292.
[11] MITCHELL R, POPHAM F. Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities:An observational population study[J]. The Lancet, 2008, 372(9650):1655–1660.
[12] HAMADA S, OHTA T. Seasonal variations in the cooling effect of urban green areas on surrounding urban areas[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening, 2010, 9(1):15–24.
[13]张文娟,张峰,严昭,等兰州市绿地生态价值的初步分析[J].草业科学, 2006, 23(11):98–102.
[14]柳云龙,朱建青,施振香,等.上海城市绿地净化服务功能及其价值评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2009, 19(5):28–32.
[15]张绪良,徐宗军,张朝晖,等.青岛市城市绿地生态系统的环境净化服务价值[J].生态学报, 2011, 31(9):2576–2584.
[16]冯悦怡,李恩敬,张力小.校园绿地夏季小气候效应分析[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 50(5):812–818.
[17]徐华清,杨水平,陈玉碧,等.城市绿地生态服务功能价值评估——以北京林业大学为例[J].宁夏农林科技,2014, 55(02):48–51.
[18]刘娇妹,李树华,杨志峰.北京公园绿地夏季温湿效应[J].生态学杂志, 2008, 27(11):1972–1978.
[19]陈波,卢山.杭州西湖风景区绿地生态服务功能价值评估[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2009, 35(6):686–690.
[20]张路路,郑新奇,原智远,等.基于全排列多边形综合图示法的唐山市土地利用多功能性评价[J].中国土地科学,2016, 30(06):23–32.
[21]张路路,郑新奇,蔡玉梅,等.基于全排列多边形图示指标法的湖南省土地多功能性评价[J].水土保持研究,2016, 23(5):298–303.
[22]周伟,曹银贵,乔陆印.基于全排列多边形图示指标法的西宁市土地集约利用评价[J].中国土地科学, 2012,26(04):84–90.
[23]程龙,董捷.基于全排列多边形综合图示指标法的武汉城市圈土地集约利用评价[J].水土保持研究, 2014, 21(1):183–187.
[24]张禾裕,张建勇,陈亚凯,等.基于GIS与全排列多边形的长沙市土地节约集约利用评价[J].湖北农业科学,2016, 55(8):1943–1948.
[25]余光英,员开奇.基于两型社会建设的武汉城市圈土地可持续利用评价[J].国土资源科技管理, 2013, 30(5):46–52.
[26] 2007-2015年南京市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社.
[27] 2007-2016年江苏省统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社.
[28]国家林业局.森林生态系统服务功能评估规范(LY/T1721-2008)[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 2008.
[29]毛文永,自选宏,李忠.资源环境常用数据手册[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1992.
[30]王驷鹞,刘振波.江苏省植被净初级生产力时空分布格局研究[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,4(4):321–325.
[31]彭建,王仰麟,陈燕飞,等.城市生态系统服务功能价值评估初探——以深圳市为例[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版, 2005, 41(4):594–604.
[32]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报, 1999, 19(5):607–613.
[33]王如松,胡聃,王祥荣,等.城市生态服务[M].北京:气象出版社, 2004.
[34]肖滋民,王立华,郝亮,等.潍坊市城市绿地生态系统环境净化服务价值研究[J].湖北农业科学, 2011, 50(19):3929–3933.
[35]吴琼,王如松,李宏卿.生态城市指标体系与评价方法[J].生态学报, 2005, 25(8):2090–2095.
[36]龚艳冰,张继国,梁雪春.基于全排列多边形综合图示法的水质评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(9):26–31.
[37]乔艳丽,王振兴,王烨.全排列多边形图示指标法区域能效评价[J].煤气与热力, 2015, 35(4):24–29.
[38]李锋,王如松.城市绿地系统的生态服务功能评价、规划与预测研究——以扬州市为例[J].生态学报, 2003, 23(9):1929–1936.
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